Ace Ahead Mathematics T Volume 2

Exam Practice 1 1. Separating the variables x and t of the equation dx = 4t(x 3), and integrating, dt 1 dx = 4t dt x3 Since x 3, ln (x 3) = 2t2 + c, where c is a constant of integration Substituting x = 4 and t = 0, ln 1 = 0 + c c = 0 Hence, ln (x 3) = 2t2 2 x 3 = e2t 2 x = e2t + 3 2. y = a sin x + b cos x + 5x ......................(1) Differentiating (1) with respect to x, dy = a cos x b sin x + 5 ....................(2) dx Differentiating (2) with respect to x, d 2y = a sin x b cos x dx2 = (a sin x + b cos x) ....................(3) Substituting y 5x = a sin x + b cos x in equation (3), d 2y = (y 5x) dx2 d 2y Therefore, + y 5x = 0 [shown] dx2 3. y = Aekx......................................(1) Differentiating (1) with respect to x, dy = Akekx................................(2) dx Differentiating (2) with respect to x, d 2y = Ak2 ekx ...........................(3) dx 2 Substituting Aekx = y from (1) into (2), dy = ky ....................................(4) dx d 2y dx 2 Dividing (3) with (2), = k dy dx d 2y dx 2 Substituting k = in (4), dy dx d 2y dy dx 2 = y dx dy dx 2 2 dy dy y = [shown] 2 dx dx dy 4. Separating the variables of = 2y + 1 and dx integrating, 1 dy = dx 2y + 1 1 As y , 2 1 ln (2y + 1) = x + c, where c is a constant of 2 integration ln (2y + 1) = 2x + k, where k = 2c 2y + 1 = e2x+k = e2xek 2y = Ae2x 1, where A = ek 1 1 y = Ae2x 2 2 Therefore, the general solution is given by 1 1 y = ae2x , where a = A. [shown] 2 2 Substituting x = 0 and y = 0, 1 1 0 = ae2(0) a = 2 2 The particular solution is given by 1 y = (e2x 1). [shown] 2 As x , e2x 0 Hence, as x , 1 1 y (0 1) y [shown] 2 2

y 1 y = (e2x 1) 2 O 1 y= 2 x

5.

dy 1 dx cos x dy Hence, = k sec x [shown] dx (a) Separating the variables, and integrating,

dy = k sec x dx sec x(sec x + tan x) = k dx (sec x + tan x)

sec x tan x + sec2 x = k dx (sec x + tan x) y = k ln sec x + tan x + c .................(1) Substituting x = 0 and y = 0 in (1), 0 = k ln|sec 0 + tan 0| + c c = 0 Hence, y = k ln sec x + tan x ...............(2) 1 Substituting x = and y = 2 ln (2 + 3 ) in (2), 3 1 1 2 ln (2 + 3 ) = k ln sec + tan 3 3 2 ln (2 + 3 ) = k ln (2 + 3 ) k=2 1

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Hence, the particular solution is y = 2 ln sec x + tan x . 5 (b) Substituting x = in the particular 3 solution, 5 5 y = 2 ln sec + tan = 2 ln 2 3 3 3 y = 2 ln(2 3 ) [shown] dy yx 6. = .........................................(1) dx x Differentiating y = vx with respect to x, dy dv = x + v dx dx dy dv Substituting y = vx and = x + v in (1), dx dx dv vx x x + v = = v 1 dx x dv = 1 ...............................(2) Hence, x dx Separating variables v and x and integrating, 1 dv = dx x v = ln x + c ..............................(3) Substituting x = 1 and y = 2 in y = vx, 2 = v(1) v = 2 Substituting x = 1 and v = 2 in (3), 2 = ln 1 + c c = 2 Hence, v = 2 ln x y = 2 ln x x The particular solution of the differential equation is y = 2x x ln x . When x = 2, y = 2(2) 2 ln 2 = 2.6137 [to four decimal places] 7. Rate of students leaving = kP, where k 0 Rate of students joining the institute = A dP Hence, = A kP [shown] dt (a) Separating the variables t and P, and integrating, 1 dP = dt A kP As A kP, 1 ln (A kP) = t + c .........(1) k A Substituting t = 0 and P = , 2k 1 A ln A k = 0 + c k 2k 1 1 c = ln A k 2 Hence, from (1), 1 1 1 ln (A kP) = t ln A k k 2 1 1 1 ln (A kP) ln A = t k k 2 A kP ln = kt 1 A 2 2

A kP Hence, = ekt 1 A 2 1 A kP = Aekt 2 1 1 kP = A Aekt = A 1 ekt 2 2 1 A 1 ekt P= 2 k (b) When t , ekt 0 (since k 0) A A Hence, P (1 0), that is, P [shown]. k k Graph of P against t
P A k A 2k O t

dy 8. Separating the variables of (x + 1) = y dx and integrating, dy = x + 1 dx y As x 0 and y 0, ln y = ln(x + 1) + c, where c is a constant of integration ln y ln (x + 1) = c y ln = c x+1 y = ec x+1 1 1

y = A(x + 1), where A = ec Substituting x = 1 and y = 4, 4 = A(2) A = 2 Therefore, the particular solution of the differential equation is y = 2(x + 1). [shown] 9. (a) y = Aek sin x ...............................(1) Differentiating (1) with respect to x, dy = Akek sin x cos x .............(2) dx Dividing (2) by (1), dy dx = k cos x y dy = ky cos x .....................(3) [shown] dx (b) Differentiating (3) with respect to x, dy d 2y = k cos x + (sin x) ky dx dx2 dy = k cos x ky sin x dx dy d 2y Hence, = k cos x y sin x ....(4) dx dx2

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Dividing (4) by (3), dy dy k cos x y sin x dx2 dx = ky cos x dy dx dy cos x y sin x dx = y cos x Hence, dy d 2y dy y cos x = cos x y sin x dx dx 2 dx dy dy d 2y y cos x cos x + y sin x = 0 dx dx dx 2 [shown] dy x+y2 x+y2 10. = = .....................(1) dx 3 x y 3 (x + y) Differentiating z = x + y dz dy dy = 1 + = dx dx dx with respect to x, dz 1 dx dy dz Substituting z = x + y and = 1 in (1), dx dx z2 dz 1 = 3z dx z2 dz = 1 + 3z dx (3 z) + z 2 1 = = 3z 3z Separating the variables z and x, and integrating, 1 3z z2 = x + c, where c is a 2 constant of integration 6z z2 = 2x + k, where k = 2c 6(x + y) (x + y)2 = 2x + k Substituting x = 0 and y = 2, 6(2) (2)2 = 2(0) + k k=8 Hence, 6(x + y) (x + y)2 = 2x + 8 1 Substituting x = , 2 2 1 +y +y =2 +8 1 1 6 2 2 2 1 y y2 = 9 3 + 6y 4 25 2 y 5y + = 0 4 5 y =0 5 y 2 2 5 y= 2 11. (a)
2 2

sec x tan x + sec2 x = dx (sec x + tan x) = ln sec x + tan x + c, where c is a constant of integration [proven] dy (b) Separating the variables of = cos y, dx and integrating,

dy = dx cos y sec y dy = dx
ln sec y + tan y = x + c, where c is a constant of integration. 1 Substituting x = 0 and y = , 4 1 + tan = 0 + c 1 ln sec 4 4 c = ln (2 + 1) Hence, ln sec y + tan y = x + ln(2 + 1) |sec y + tan y| ln = x 2 + 1 |sec y + tan y| = ex 2 + 1 Therefore, the particular solution is sec y + tan y = (2 + 1)ex. dy 2x y + 1 12. = .............................(1) dx 2x y + 3 Differentiating z = 2x y with respect to x, dz dy = 2 dx dx dy dz = 2 dx dx dy dz Substituting z = 2x y and = 2 in (1), dx dx dz z+1 2 = dx z+3 dz z+1 2(z + 3) (z + 1) = 2 = dx z+3 z+3 z+5 = [shown] z+3 Separating the variables z and x, and integrating, z+3 dz = dx z+5 (z + 5) 2 dz = dx z+5 2 1 dz = dx z+5 z 2ln|z + 5| = x + c, where c is a constant of integration 2x y 2ln|2x y + 5| = x + c x y 2ln|2x y + 5| = c Therefore, a general solution of the original differential equation is given by x y 2ln|2x y + 5| = c. 3

(3 z)dz = dx

sec x dx = dx (sec x + tan x)

sec x(sec x + tan x)

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13. Differentiating x = tan with respect to , dx = sec2 d dx = sec2 d Substituting x = tan and dx = sec2 d, 1 1 2 1 + x2 dx = 1 + tan2 sec d = + c, where c is a constant of integration. = tan1 x + c [shown] dy Separating the variables of (x2 + 1)y = 1, dx and integrating, 1 y dy = 1 + x2 dx 1 y2 = tan1 x + c, where c is a constant of integration 2 dy 14. = 2x + y + 3 .................................(1) dx Differentiating z = 2x + y with respect to x, dz dy = 2 + dx dx dy dz = 2 dx dx dy dz Substituting z = 2x + y and = 2 in (1), dx dx dz 2 = z + 3 dx dz = z + 5 [shown] dx (a) Separating the variables z and x, and integrating, 1 dz = dx z+5 ln|z + 5| = x + c, where c is a constant of integration Therefore, the general solution is given by ln 2x + y + 5 = x + c. (b) Substituting x = 3 and y = 2, ln 2(3) + 2 + 5 = 3 + c ln 1 = 3 + c c=3 Therefore, the particular solution is given by ln 2x + y + 5 = x + 3. dv 15. (a) = g 5v dt = 10 5v = 5(2 + v) Separating the variables v and t, and integrating, 1 dv = 5 dt v+2 ln(v + 2) = 5t + c, where c is a constant of integration and v 0 on its upwards motion. 4 = 1 d, since 1 + tan2 = sec2

At the time of projection, v = 5 m s1 and t = 0. ln(5 + 2) = 5(0) + c c = ln7 Hence, ln(v + 2) = 5t + ln7 v+2 ln = 5t 7 v+2 = e5t 7 v + 2 = 7e5t v = 7e5t 2 [shown] (b) At the highest point, the particle is at instantaneous rest, v = 0. Hence, 7e5t 2 = 0 2 e5t = 7 Taking natural logarithms, 2 ln e5t = ln 7 2 5t ln e = ln 7 2 ln 7 t = = 0.25055 5 Therefore, the time taken to reach the maximum height = 0.251 seconds. 16. 1 A B A(x + 1) + Bx = + = x(x + 1) x x+1 x(x + 1) A(x + 1) + Bx = 1 Substituting x = 0, A(0 + 1) + B(0) = 1 A =1 Substituting x = 1, A(1 + 1) + B(1) = 1 B = 1 1 1 1 Hence, = x(x + 1) x x+1 Separating the variables x and y of the dy differential equation (x2 + x) = y , and dx integrating, 1 1 dy = x + x2 dx y

1 2

1 dy = dx x(x + 1)
1

y2 1 1 = dx x x+1 1 2 2 y = lnx ln(x + 1) + c, where c is a constant of integration x 2 y = ln + c x+1 1 x 1 y = ln + c 2 x+1 2 Therefore, the general solution is given by 1 x 1 y = ln + k, where k = c. 2 x+1 2

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dy 17. 2x2 = xy + y2 .................................(1) dx Differentiating y = u x with respect to x,

1 dy du 1 = x + x 2 u dx dx 2

Substituting y = u x and 1 dy du 1 = x + x 2 u into (1), dx dx 2 du 1 2x2 x + x 2 u = x (u x ) + (u x )2 dx 2

du 2x 2 + ux 2 = dx 5 du 2x 2 = dx 3 du 2 = 2x dx Separating the variables u integrating, 5 3 1

ux 2 + u2x u2x u2 [shown] and x, and

Substituting x = 1, y = 0 1+c1 0 = 1+c c=0 1 Therefore, y = 1 [shown] x 1 (a) As x , 0 and y 1 0 x Therefore, as x , y 1 [shown] 1 (b) (i) Substituting y = 0, 1 = 0 x 1 = 1 or x = 1 x (ii) Substituting x = 0, 1 y = 1 [undened] 0 Therefore, the curve does not intersect the y-axis. [shown] (iii) y
1 y = 1 x 1 O 1 y = 1 x x

2u2 du = x

3 2

dx

2 = + c, where c is a constant u 1 of integration 2 2 2 = + c u x 1 1 1 = + k, where k = c u 2 x Multiplying by u x , x = u + ku x y Substituting u = , x y y x = + k x x x y x = + ky x x = y + ky x y(1 + k x ) = x x y = 1 + k x dy 18. = (1 y)2 dx Separating the variables and then integrating, 2 (1 y) dy = dx (1 y)1 = x + c, where c is a constant of (1)(1) integration 1 = x + c 1y 1 1 y = x+c 1 (x + c) 1 y = 1 = x+c x+c x+c1 y = x+c

1 x 2

dy 19. Separating the variables of = by(a y), dt and integrating, 1 dy = dt ..............................(1) by(a y) 1 1 A B Let = + by(a y) b y ay 1 1 A(a y) + By = by(a y) b y(a y) A(a y) + By = 1 Substituting y = 0, A(a 0) + B(0) = 1 1 A= a Substituting y = a, A(a a) + B(a) = 1 1 B= a 1 1 a a 1 1 = + by(a y) b y ay 1 1 1 = + ab y ay 1 1 1 1 Substituting = + by(a y) ab y ay into (1),

ab

1 1 + dy = dt y ay

1 [ln y ln(a y)] = t + c, where c is a ab constant of integration 5

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1 y ln ab ay y ln ay ay ln y ay y ay y

=t+c = abt + abc = abt abc = eabtabc = eabt eabc

= keabt, where k = eabc a y = kyeabt a = y(1 + keabt) a Therefore, y = [shown] 1 + keabt 1 Substituting t = 0 and y = a, 2 1 a a a = = 2 1 + keab(0) 1 + k Hence, 2 = 1 + k or k = 1 a y = 1 + eabt As t , eabt 0 since a 0 and b 0. a Hence, y = a 1+0 After a long period of time, the number of yeast cells = a. dy x + 2y 1 20. = ...............................(1) dx x + 2y 2 Differentiating z = x + 2y, dz dy = 1 + 2 dx dx dy dz 2 = 1 dx dx dy 1 dz = 1 dx 2 dx dy 1 dz Substituting z = x + 2y and = 1 dx 2 dx in (1), 1 dz z1 1 = 2 dx z2 dz 2z 2 1 = dx z2 dz 2z 2 (z 2) + 2z 2 = 1 + = dx z2 z2 3z 4 = [shown] z2 (a) Separating the variables z and x, and integrating, z2 dz = dx 3z 4 1 2 (3z 4) 3 3 dz = dx 3z 4

1 2 1 z ln|3z 4 = x + c 3 3 3 3z 2ln 3z 4 = 9x + k, where k = 9c 3(x + 2y) 2 ln 3x + 6y 4 = 9x + k 2ln 3x + 6y 4 = 6y 6x k ln 3x + 6y 4 = 3y 3x + A, 1 where A = k 2 (b) Substituting x = y = 1 in part (a), ln 3(1) + 6(1) 4 = 3(1) 3(1) + A A = ln 5 ln 3x + 6y 4 = 3y 3x + ln 5 3x + 6y 4 ln = 3y 3x 5 3x + 6y 4 = e3y 3x 5 3x + 6y 4 = 5e3(yx) [shown] dy 21. (a) x + y(1 + x2) = 0 dx dy x = y(1 + x2) dx Separating the variables, and integrating, 1 1 dy = + x dx y x 1 ln y = ln x x2 + c, 2 where x 0 and y 0 1 ln y + ln x = x2 + c 2 1 ln (yx) = x2 + c 2 yx = e
1 x2 + c 2 1 x2

ke 2 y = , where k = ec x dx = kx (b) dt 10 x Separating the variables x and t, and then integrating, 10 x dx = k dt x 10 1 dx = k dt x 10 ln x x = kt + c, where c is a constant of integration Substituting x = 1 and t = 0, 10 ln 1 1 = 0 + c c=1 Hence, 10 ln x x = kt 1 Substituting x = 2 and t = 1, 10 ln 2 2 = k(1) 1 k = 10 ln 2 1 10 ln x x = (10 ln 2 1)t 1 Substituting x = 5, 10 ln 5 5 = (10 ln 2 1)t 1

1 2 1 dz = dx 3 3 3z 4

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(10 ln 2 1)t = 10 ln 5 4 10 ln 5 4 t = = 2.039 10 ln 2 1 = 2.04 [3 signicant gures] dv 22. = kv p dt dv = (kv + p) dt Separating the variables v and t, and then integrating, 1 dv = dt kv + p 1 ln (kv + p) = t + c, k where c is a constant and (kv + p) 0 Substituting v = V and t = 0, 1 ln(kV + p) = 0 + c k 1 c = ln(kV + p) k 1 ln(kv + p) = t + ln(kV + p) 1 Hence, k k 1 ln(kv + p) ln(kV + p) = t k ln(kv + p) ln(kV + p) = kt kv + p ln = kt kV + p kv + p = ekt kV + p kv + p = kVekt + pekt kv = kVekt p(1 ekt) p v = Vekt (1 ekt) [shown] k When the tank is empty, v = 0 p Vekt (1 ekt) = 0 k p p kt (V + )e = k k (Vk + p)ekt = p p ekt = Vk + p p kt ln e = ln Vk + p Vk + p kt ln e = ln p 1 Vk + p 1 Vk t = ln = ln 1 + k p k p [shown]
1 dy 23. (a) = x 4 y2 dx Separating the variables and integrating,

2 4 = (0) 4 + c 5 5 2 c = 5 5 1 4 2 Hence, = x 4 + y 5 5 When x = 16, 5 1 4 2 = (16) 4 + = 26 y 5 5 1 y = 26 (b) y = a cos x + be x .........................(1) Differentiating (1) with respect to x, dy = a sin x + be x....................(2) dx Differentiating (2) with respect to x, d 2y = a cos x + bex ................(3) dx2 (1) (2), dy y = a (cos x + sin x) .........(4) dx (1) (3), d 2y y = 2a cos x dx2 d 2y y dx 2 a = 2 cos x d 2y y dx 2 Substituting a = in (4), 2 cos x d 2y y dx 2 dy y = (cos x + sin x) dx 2 cos x dy 2y cos x 2 cos x dx d 2y = y(cos x + sin x) (cos x + sin x) dx dy d 2y (cos x + sin x) 2 cos x dx dx2 + y(cos x sin x) = 0 [shown] 24. (a) Using Force = Mass Acceleration, 1 mg mgx = ma 2 1 a = g gx 2 1 = g 1 x [shown] 2 dv 1 2x (b) v = g 1 x = g dx 2 2 Separating the variables v and x, and integrating, 2v dv = g(2 x)dx 1 v2 = g 2x x2 + c, where c is a 2 constant of integration Substituting x = 0 and v = 2g m s1, 4g = g(0 0) + c c = 4g 7

dy = x 4 dx
5

1 4 = x 4 + c, where c is a constant y 5 of integration 5 When x = 0 and y = , 2

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1 Hence, v2 = g 2x x2 + 4g 2 2v2 = g(4x x2) + 8g 2v2 = g(8 + 4x x2) [shown] 2 (c) x + 4x + 8 = [x2 4x 8] = [(x 2)2 4 8] = (x 2)2 + 12 Hence, x2 + 4x + 8 = 12 (x 2)2 The maximum value of x2 + 4x + 8 is 12 when x = 2. From (b), maximum value of 2v2 = 12g v2 = 6g Hence, the maximum value of v = 6g m s1 [shown] 25. Using Force = Mass Acceleration, 1 mg mgx = ma 2 1 Hence, a = g gx 2 1 a = 1 + x g [shown] 2 dv (a) a = v dx dv 1 v = 1 + x g dx 2 2+x = g 2 Separating the variables and integrating, 1 v2 = 2x x2 g + k, where k is a 2 constant of integration Substituting x = 0 and v = 2 g m s1, 4g = ( 0 0)g + k k = 4g 1 v2 = 2x x2 g + 4g 2 Hence, 2v2 = ( 4x x2)g + 8g 2v2 = (8 4x x2)g [shown] (b) When the particle reaches its maximum height, v = 0. 8 4x x2 = 0 x2 + 4x 8 = 0 4 42 4(1)(8) x = 2(1) x = 1.4641 m or x = 5.4641 m Since x 0 (displacement above O), the maximum height attained by the particle = 1.464 m. 26. Separating the variables of the equation dy 2x2y = (1 + x2)(1 + y2), and integrating, dx 2y 1 + x2 dy 1 + y2 = dx x2 ln (1 + y2) = (x2 + 1)dx 1 = + x + c, where c is a constant x of integration 8

Substituting x = 1 and y = 1, ln 2 = 1 + 1 + c c = ln 2 1 Hence, ln (1 + y2) = + x + ln 2 x 2 1+y 1 = + x ln x 2 1 +x 1 + y2 x = e 2 1 x 1 + y2 = 2e + x 1 x y2 = 2e + x 1 Substituting x = 2,

x y2 = 2e + x 1 = 7.96338 y = 2.822 1

2v dv = (2 + x)g dx

dy y 27. (a) Separating the variables of = dx x and then integrating, 1 1 dy = dx x2 y2 1 1 =+c y x 1 cx = x 1 = 1 cx y x x y = 1 cx (b) Substituting x = y = 1 in (a), 1 1 = 1c c=0 y=x Hence, the member of the family of curves is a straight line y = x. Substituting x = 1 and y = 2 in (a), 1 2 = 1c 2 2c = 1 2c = 1 1 c= 2 x 2x y = = 1x 2x 1 2 Hence, the member of the family of 2x curves has the equation y = .[shown] 2x 28. At time t, the amount of the substance remaining = (x p) g. dx Hence, (x p) dt dx = k(x p) [shown] dt Separating the variables x and t, and integrating, 1 dx = k dt xp ln (x p) = kt + c, where c is a constant of integration

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Substituting t = 0, x = 100 g and p = 0, ln 100 = 0 + c c = ln100 ln (x p) = kt + ln 100............................... (1) Substituting t = 2 minutes and (x p) = 100 60 = 40 g in (1), ln 40 = k(2) + ln 100 100 2k = ln 40 1 ln 2.5 k= 2 1 Hence, ln (x p) = ln 2.5 t + ln100 .. (2) 2 Substituting x = 100 g and t = 6 minutes in (2), 1 ln (100 p) = ln 2.5 6 + ln 100 2 = ln 100 3 ln 2.5 = ln 100 ln 2.53 100 = ln 2.53 100 100 p = 2.53 100 p = 100 = 93.6 2.53 The amount of the substance that has changed after 6 minutes = 93.6 g. 29. Using Force = Mass Acceleration, m v = ma, where a m s2 is the acceleration of the particle Hence, a = v ..................................(1) dv Substituting a = v , dx dv v = v dx dv v = 1 dx dv v + 1 = 0 [shown] dx (a) Separating the variables v and x, and integrating, 2 v 2 = x + c, where c is a constant 3 of integration Substituting x = 0 and v = 9 m s1, 2 3 9 = 0 + c 3 2 c = 18 = 3(18 x) [shown] dv (b) Substituting a = in (1), dt dv = v dt Separating the variables v and t, and integrating,
3 2v 2

Substituting t = 0 and v = 9 m s1, 29 = 0 + k k=6 2v 2 = 6 t 2 v = 6 t [shown] When particle is brought to rest, v = 0. From (a), 3(18 x) = 0 x = 18 m From (b), 6 t = 0 t = 6 seconds 30. Let the mass of the particle be m kg. Air resistance = mkv2 N Weight of particle due to gravitational pull = mg Using Force = Mass Acceleration, mg mkv2 = ma a = (g + kv2) [shown] (a) Separating the variables of the equation dv v = (g + kv2), where x m is the dx displacement from point O, v (g + kv2) dv = dx 1 ln (g + kv2) = x + c, where c is a 2k constant of integration Substituting x = 0 and v = 8 g m s1 (conditions at O), 1 ln (g + 64kg) = 0 + c 2k 1 c = ln [g(1 + 64k)] 2k 1 1 ln (g + kv2) = x + ln [g(1 + 64k)] 2k 2k ......... (1) At x = 100 m, v = 0, 1 1 ln [g + k(02)] = 100 + ln [g(1 + 64k)] 2k 2k ln g = 200k + ln [g(1 + 64k)] 200k = ln [g(1 + 64k)] ln g g(1 + 64k) = ln g 200k = ln (1 + 64k) [proven] g (b) Substituting v = in (1), k g 1 ln g + k 2k k 1 = x + ln [g(1 + 64k)] 2k 1 1 x = ln [g(1 + 64k)] ln 2g 2k 2k 1 g(1 + 64k) = ln 2k 2g 1 1 + 64k = ln 2k 2 1 [ln (1 + 64k) ln 2] ........(2) = 2k 9
1

v 2 dv = dx 3

1 2 dv 1 2v 2

= dt = t + k, where k is a constant of integration

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Substituting ln (1 + 64k) = 200k from (a) in (2), 1 x = (200k ln 2) 2k Hence, distance below maximum height 1 = 100 (200k ln 2) 2k 1 = 100 100 + ln 2 2k 1 = ln 2 m [shown] 2k dP 31. P dt dP = kP, where k is a constant of proportionality. dt Separating the variables P and t, and integrating, 1 dP = k dt P ln P = kt + c, where c is a constant of integration. (a) Substituting t = 0 and P = 1000, ln 1000 = k(0) + c c = ln 1000 ln P = kt + ln 1000 Substituting t = 2 and P = 8000, ln 8000 = k(2) + ln 1000 2k = ln 8000 ln 1000 8000 = ln 1000 = ln 8 1 k = ln 8 2 1 ln P = ln 8 t + ln 1000 2 1 ln P ln 1000 = t ln 8 2 P ln = t ln 8 1000 P = etln8 1000 P = 1000 etln8 (b) Substituting t = 1 in (a), P = 1000e ln8 = 1000 8 = 2828 bacteria dP = kP (c) dt 1 = ln 8 1000 8 2 = 2940.8 bacteria per hour. (d) Substituting P = 15 000 in the equation P ln = t ln 8 1000 15 000 ln = t ln 8 1000 ln 15 = t ln 8 ln 15 t = = 2.605 hours ln8

d 32. (a) = k( s) ................................ (1) dt Separating the variables and t, and integrating, 1 d = k dt, where s = 20 20 ln ( 20) = kt + c Substituting = 100 and t = 0, ln (100 20) = 0 + c c = ln 80 Hence, ln ( 20) = kt + ln 80 ..... (2) Substituting = 80 and t = 1 hour, ln (80 20) = k + ln 80 k = ln 80 ln 60 80 4 k = ln = ln [shown] 60 3 (b) From (1), d 4 = ln ( S) dt 3 4 = ln [ (10)], where S = 10 3 4 = ln ( + 10) 3 Separating the variables and t, and integrating, 1 4 d = ln dt + 10 3 4 ln ( + 10) = ln t + c1, where c1 is a 3 constant of integration Substituting t = 0 and = 40, 4 ln 50 = ln 0 + c1 3 c1 = ln 50 4 ln ( + 10) = ln t + ln 50 3 Substituting = 0, 4 ln 10 = ln t + ln 50 3 4 ln t = ln 50 ln 10 3 50 = ln = ln 5 10 ln 5 = 5.595 hours t = 4 ln 3

10

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP1 3rd.indd 10

Cyan

Black

1/7/2009 10:32:52 AM