The Standard Model of Elementary Particles Three Generations of Matter (Fermions)

I
2.4 MeV 2.4 MeV

II
1.27 GeV 1.27 GeV

III
171.2 GeV 171.2 GeV

0 0 1

u u
up 4.8 MeV anti-up 4.8 MeV

c c
charm 104 MeV anti-charm 104 MeV

t
top 4.2 GeV

t
anti-top 4.2 GeV photon

Quarks

down

d d s s
anti-down strange <2.2 MeV <0.17 MeV

anti-strange <0.17 MeV

b b
bottom <15.5MeV

g
gluon

0 0 1

anti-bottom <15.5MeV

<2.2 MeV

91.2 GeV

electron neutrino 0.511 MeV

electronantineutrino 0.511 MeV

muon neutrino 105.7 MeV

muonantineutrino 105.7 MeV

tau neutrino

tauantineutrino 1.777 GeV

0 1

o
ores)

weak force

1.777 GeV

80.4 GeV

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

Feynman Diagrams Reference Sheet

FERMIONS (Hadrons, leptons) EXCHANGE PARTICLE (For AQA all interactions use this wavy line, institute of physics only recognizes this as a photon.)

The weak force

These interactions involve the weak force + o (w , w or z ), see your standard model.

U d d
w -

U d U

The strong force

These interactions occur between nucleons in the nucleus and quarks within nucleons

The Feynman diagram shows how a neutron can decay into a proton releasing a weak force (intermediate vector boson). This then releases an electron (beta particle) and an electron anti-neutrino. This decay changes the nature, (or flavor) of a quark within the nucleon as shown in the diagram on the right.

The Feynman diagram shows how a neutron can decay into a proton releasing a pion (A Meson containing a strange quark). This exchange of charged pions overcomes the repulsion between protons in the nucleus which would usually blow the nucleus to pieces. The diagram on the right shows the exchange of gluons which bind the quarks within a proton together. The same also happens in Neutrons

U
g

U d
g

Electrical forces
These interactions occur between nucleons in the nucleus and quarks within nucleons

Particle Physics Reference Sheet

LEPTONS HADRONS BARYONS MESONS

-rays
ELECTRON POSITRON

ANTIPROTON

ANTINEUTRON

NEUTRON

PROTON

KAONS (K)

PIONS ()

KEY
Rectangles indicate fundamental particles Diamonds indicate types of particle Pointed rectangles indicate particles made up of fundamental particles RED = Antiparticles BLUE = Particles

ELECTRON-NEUTRINO ELECTRON-ANTINEUTRIN

Indicates decay

HADRON Proton Anti-proton Neutron Anti-neutron + o Kaon (K K, K ) , + o Pion (, , ) Baryon number strangeness 0 0 0 0 -1 +1

Quark constitution

NEGATIVE MUON MUON-NEUTRINO NEGATIVE TAU TAU-NEUTRINO

POSITIVE MUON MUON-ANTINEUTRINO POSITIVE TAU TAU-ANTINEUTRINO

uud uud udd udd us, su, ds ud, du, dd / uu

LEPTON Electron Positron Electron-neutrino Electron-antineutrino Negative muon Positive muon Muon-neutrino Muon-antineutrino Negative tau Positive tau Tau-neutrino Tau-antineutrino Symbol
+ e e +

Quarks
Up Anti-up Down Anti-down Strange Anti-strange

symbol Charge/e u u d d S S

Lepton Number Rest energy/MeV +1 0.51 -1 0.51 +1 0 -1 0 +1 105 -1 105 +1 0 -1 0 +1 1780 -1 1780 +1 0 -1 0