The pipe route Route2_SPD 11B is considered for the design of pipeline along the seabed.

The length of the pipeline is in m and the subsequent unit has been taken to account as per unit conversion in ABAQUS. Initially the seabed was created as a 3D discrete rigid shell. Then the pipeline is added as another part which is a 3D deformable wire. Appropriate sections are assigned to the parts and then they are meshed individually.

Figure 1: Cross section of pipeline Spring elements have been added on the pipeline to account for the seabed pipeline interaction. Springs/ Dashpots-1 Springs/ Dashpots-2 Springs/ Dashpots-3 Springs/ Dashpots-4 Springs/ Dashpots-5 Springs/ Dashpots-6 Springs/ Dashpots-7 Springs/ Dashpots-8 Degree of freedom 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Spring constant (N/m) 3026.89 1199.86 1586.88 2843.16 1357.84 2959.4 356.876 3236.42

Figure 2: Nodes showing springs/dashpots

The pipeline has been modelled as a wire element and PIPE31H (a 2-node linear pipe in space, hybrid formulation) elements are assigned to it. The seabed is considered as a rigid surface and meshed with elements of type R3D4 (A 4-node 3-D bilinear rigid quadrilateral). Spring elements are used to model pipeline-seabed interaction. The spring stiffness was derived from the friction calculation.

Figure 3: Seabed-Pipeline Assembly

Figure 4: Meshed Model

The model is assembled together and appropriate load and BCs are applied

Load applied
Table 1: Applied load Force Axial force Drag force Lift force Submerged weight Type of force Concentrated force applied at the ends Line load applied along X direction Line load applied along Y direction Line load along the pipeline X component -1.609 E+06 N -200 N/m 0 0 Y component 0 0 -0.005N/m -6612 N/m Z component -2.259E+06 N 0 0 0

Figure 5:Loads represented on the pipeline

Boundary conditions applied

Table 2: Boundary conditions Region First node End node Seabed reference point Condition U2=U3=0 U1=U2=0 U1=U2=U3=UR1=UR2=UR3=0

Figure 6: Boundary conditions at the nodes

Results

Figure 7: Undeformed Pipeline

Figure 8: Deformity on the pipeline (magnified 200 times)

Figure 9: Plot showing location of maximum and minimum deflection along X-axis (drag force)

Figure 10: Plot showing location of maximum and minimum deflection along Y axis.

Figure 11: Plot showing maximum and minimum deflection along Z axis.

Figure 12: Location and value of maximum and minimum Von mises stress along the pipeline

Figure 13: Maximum and minimum inplane strain along the pipeline Table3 : Maximum deflections along XYZ directions U1(lateral) Maximum value At node Minimum value At node -9.615 5555 -389.5E-33 1 U2(vertical) -157.7E-06 24462 -202.8E-39 1 U3(axial) -7.886 24289 7.827 24116

Total

-76.04E+03

-1.534

-4.087E+03

Table 4: Stress-strain data

E.Max. In-P @Loc 1 E.Max. In-P @Loc 2 E.Max. In-P @Loc 3 E.Max. In-P @Loc 4 S.Mises @Loc 1 S.Mises @Loc 2 S.Mises @Loc 3 S.Mises @Loc 4

Maximum At node Minimum At node

287.7E-06 24117 23.12E-09 396

67.22E-06 1 6.207E-09 6172

433.7E-06 24291 62.81E-09 755

67.22E-06 1 6.767E-09 6172

154.0E+06 24291 4.787E+03 396

46.39E+06 1 4.060E+03 6170

105.9E+06 24117 38.42E+03 780

46.39E+06 1 4.072E+03 6170

Total

212.5E-03

188.6E-03

212.9E-03

188.6E-03

107.3E+09

99.22E+09

106.5E+09

99.22E+09