UNITTWELVE

WHENCELLPHONESKILL
ByAdityaKundalkar
(anextractfromaReadersDigestarticle,December2007,pp.6165)

MODULEONE
III.TEXT
Readthepassageandanswerthequestionsthatfollow: WhileIndianlawsforbiddriversofanymotorvehiclefromusingacellphone,the penalty for violation in most places is a mere Rs.100/. "Clearly that's no deterrent,"admitsSatishMathur,Mumbai'sformerjointcommissioneroftraffic police. And even Delhi's Rs.1500 fine is nothing compared to Norway's $600 or Ireland's$350.Besidespayingheavyfines,driversintheUKorGermanyalsorisk losingtheircarinsurancecoversiftheycauseanaccidentasaresultofcellphone use.InIndia,ontheotherhand,driverswhobreakthislawareseldompunished orevencaught. Evenifthelawisineffectiveandthetrafficpolicearen'tbookingoffendersinyour town, it's up to you to drive safely. As Satish Mathur says, "It's best to educate people.Those who usecell phones while driving have to be made aware ofthe factthattheyareexposingthemselvesandotherstojeopardy." Promotesafetybyfollowingthesefiverules: Pullover.Neveruseacellphonewhiledriving,orwhilecrossingorwalkingalong aroad.Alwaysstopyourvehiclecarefullybeforeyouanswerthephone.Ifyou're apedestrian,stopatasafeplacetoansweracallorrespondtoanSMS.In2004, medical student Vahed Lokhandwalla, 23, of Mumbai was keying in an SMS messageontheroadwhenhewalkedintotheopenbackdoorofaparkedSUV. Hehurthisheadandbledbadly. Letitring.Ifyou'reonabusyroadwhereyoucan'tstop,andyourphonerings,it is best to miss that call. Remember, people coped perfectly well before cell phonesarrivedafewyearsago. Use voicemail. If you get calls constantly, ask your service provider to activate voicemailwhichwillsaythatyou'llreturnthecalllater.

Get passenger help. If you have a passenger, place the phone where he or she canansweritforyou. Stop the driver. Whether you are in a taxi, bus, your own car or a friend's, you must stop any driver from speaking on the phone while driving. Consider what happenedtoagroupof26peoplefromNaraingarhvillage,Haryana,travellingin a minibus to Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, this July 11. They were speeding along the highway when driver Sandeep Kumar began talking on his cell phone. Although passengers seated near him asked him to concentrate on his driving, Kumar paid no attention. He lost control and slammed the vehicle into a tree, killingeleven.Kumarandsomeotherswereseriouslyinjured.Thatneedn'thave happenedhadthepassengersbeenabsolutelyfirm. Recently,twocolleaguesandItookataxiandwereridingbacktoourofficeafter alunchmeeting.Wewereinthethickoftrafficwhenthedriver'scellphonerang. Whenhepromptlyansweredit,myseniorcolleaguefromthebackseatrequested him not to use the phone. But the driver wouldn't listen. "Bandh karo!" my colleagueinsistedloudly,grabbingthedriver'sshoulder."Stopit!"Hehadtohang up. Whenitcomestosafety,neversettleforless.(516words)

V.VOCABULARY
VOCABULARYDEVELOPMENT Homophoneandhomonym;Eponyms: Homophonesasthenamesuggestsarewordsthatarepronouncedalikebuthave differentspellingsanddifferentmeanings. Homonymsarewordswhichhavethesamespellingbutaredifferentinmeaning; pronunciationcanbothbedifferentorsame.Inthelattercase,ahomonymand homophonebecomesimilarinmeaning. Eponymsarewordsderivedfromnamesofpeopleorplaces. Listofhomophones: Airheir Alteraltar Aloudallowed Bearbare Berrybury Beanbeen Ceaseseize Cellsell Citesightsite Daysdaze Deerdear Earnurn

Flourflower Gaitgate Healheel Peacepiece Wastewaist Onewon Weakweek Sweetsuite Taletail Listofhomonyms: Book(noun)Book(verb) Can(noun)Can(modal) Bear(noun)Bear(verb) Bank(noun)Bank(verb) Sink(noun)Sink(verb) Tap(noun)Tap(verb) Tear(noun)Tear(verb) ListofEponyms: Sandwich:Twopiecesofbreadwithafillingoffoodbetweenthemderivedfrom the name of John Montague, fourth Earl of Sandwich (171892), an English diplomat,whousedtoprepareaquickmealinthisway. Boycott:(Verb)Tostayawayinprotest,orrefusetodosomething Boycott:(Noun)Anactofboycottingderivedfromthenameofthefirstpersonto be boycotted in 1880 Captain Charles C Boycott, an Irish land agent, whose tenantstriedtogettheirrentsreducedbyusingthismethodofprotest. Hector: (Verb) Talk to someone in a bullying manner derived from the Trojan warrior Hector in Homers Iliad. Originally, it denoted a hero but later came to meanabraggartorbully. Calicut:(Noun)Atypeofplainwhiteorunbleachedcottonclothorprintedcotton fabric derived from Calicut, a seaport in SouthEast India, where the fabric originated Juggernaut:(Noun)Anyrelentless,overwhelminganddestructiveforceoralarge heavyvehiclederivedfromHinduGodJagganath(Puri),LordoftheWorld,andan incarnationofLordVishnu,whoseidolishauledalongonalargechariot,whichso excited devotees that they would fling themselves before it and get crushed underitswheels.

 Subjectspecificvocabulary Cellphone:simcard,handset,mobile,sms,recharge Architecture:arcade,banister,attic,canopy Business:authorize,associate,deliver,design,customer,client,employ Computer:hardware,software,programming,modem,download,upload,soft copy Weather:cyclone,drought,flood,lowpressure,humidity Neologism:newlycoinedwords: Blog:webpageupdateddailyonaspecifictopicorareaofinterest Cybernetics:scienceofcommunicationinmachinesaswellashumans Scam:fraud Googol:Acardinalnumberthatisequivalenttotenraisedtothepowerofa hundred. Hathos:Thefeelingsofpleasurederivedfromhatingsomeoneorsomething. Spam:irrelevantorinappropriatemessagessentviatheinternettoalarge numberofusersornewsgroups.

VII.SPELLING
SpellingRules: useofei/ie 1. Thecommonestformisieespeciallywhenpronouncedas/i/ a. piece,relief,niece,priest,thief 2. exceptinawordwhereitcomesbeforetheconsonantcwheneiisused: a.conceive,conceit,receive,receipt 3. alsowhenthepronunciationis/ei/theneiisused a. deign,eight,neighbour,feign,reign,vein,weight 4. orwhenthepronunciationis/ai/thentooeiisused a. either,height,neither, 5. exceptionstotheaboverules: a. seize,weird,conscience,efficient

BritishandAmericanspellings 1. BritishourbecomesAmericanor;example:colourcolor,favourfavor 2. Britishae/oebecomesAe;example:enclopaediaencyclopedia archaeologyarcheology,manoeuvremaneuver 3. Britishise/sationbecomesAmericanize/zation;example:organise organize,civilisationcivilization 4. BritishysebecomesAmericanyze;example:analyseanalyze 5. BritishdoublelbecomesAmericansinglel;example:travellertraveler jewelleryjewelry 6. BritishencebecomesAmericanense;example:defencedefense; licencelicense 7. rebecomeer:theatretheater;centreCenter 8. BritishoguebecomesAmericanog;example:dialoguedialog, cataloguecatalog 9. BritishmmebecomesAmericanm;example:programmeprogram *****