Building Automation using Web server & power line networking (PLN) Introduction

Inside a house power is distributed through a network of wires to all the appliances through several switch boards which are operated manually to control the power flowing to these devices. Now this concept is to smartly control and monitor the instruments/appliances through microcontroller , internet and typical power lines for 220V 50Hz AC power to the appliances. Such controllers can be added to each manual switch panel board in the house and can be controlled from a centralized control unit , the server computer. This server computer can be accessed over the internet to control the devices remotely.

Block diagram

Remote internet

PC

HUMIDITY SENSOR

TEMP SENSOR

HUMIDITY SENSOR

Practiced standards :

Communication via power lines has been in the spot light of researchers across the world from quite a couple of years back, still there isnt exist any universal standard for power line communication nor is there any globally accepted worldwide regulatory organization. However some standards are being developed from time to time from different organizations and research groups with slight improvement each time. Some of the competing standards are given below;

y y y y

HomePlug Powerline Alliance Universal Powerline Association Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ITU-T G.hn HomeGrid Forum

Similarly X10 and INSTEON are two industrial standards which are most commonly used.

y X-10:
The X-10 technology is one of the oldest power line communication protocols. It uses a form of amplitude shift keying (ASK) technique for transmission of information. A 120 KHz amplitude modulated carrier, 0.5 watt signal, is superimposed into AC power line at zero crossings to minimize the noise interference. Information is coded by way of bursts of high frequency signals. To increase the reliability each bit of information is transmitted, which limits the transmission rate to 60 bits per second. This represents poor bandwidth utilization while the reliability of transmission is severely compromised in a noisy environment. These are the main reasons why this technology has limited applications.

y INSTEON
Insteon technology is a robust, dual-band mesh topology employing AC power lines and a radio-frequency protocol to communicate with and automate home electronic devices and appliances. Insteon was developed, based on the X10 model, for control and sensing applications in the home. Insteon is designed to enable simple devices to be networked together using the power line and/or radio frequency . Insteon uses digital signal processing to encode and transmit messages, enabling rapid transmission of control data between Insteon devices.
Both FSK and BPSK modulation techniques are used. Binary phase shift keying uses frequency of 131.65 kHz, while frequency shift keying utilizes frequency range from 902 to 924 MHz. Methodology: One of the most critical components of any power line communication (PLC) system is its interface circuit (coupling circuit) with the power distribution network.

Server Side: An internet server is to be installed on the centralized controlled unit i.e. PC. This PC is serially connected to the FSK modulator i.e. the PLC transmitter and send the bit stream serially to the PLC transmitter which couples the signal to the power line after being modulated by a high frequency carrier. Client Side:

It is a website which is used to remotely send commands for controlling the appliances. It asks for a valid username and password and after authenticating, it allows the user to make requests to the server to ON / OFF the appliance at home. Task an objectives y y y y y
develop our system from locally available components develop temperature sensor and humidity sensor module developing web server & client program.using PHP ,WAMP SERVER design FSK modulator and demodulation and coupler filters. Serial communication using RS-232 and MAX 233

Components that will be used; y y y y y y Tools : Keil. Proteues Mplab ide Wmap server and website development tools. Max233; 8051 8052 Philips NE/564 This IC is capable of both modulating digital data and demodulating FSK signal to digital

form.
Variable resistors and capacitors . Transformer.for coupling.

Refrence

Broadband Power Line Communications Systems: Theory and Applications