WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

1. Define the work done on an object by a force. 2. Give examples of when an applied force does and does not do work on an object. 3. A box with a mass of 2 kg, is pulled at a constant velocity of 4 m.s-1 across a table by a string which is at an angle of 30 to the horizontal.
40 N 30

a) Calculate the work done by the gravitational force on the box when it moves a distance of 1,2 m.
b)

Calculate the work done by the force applied by the string which is at an angle of 30 to the horizontal if it moves a distance of 1,2 m.

4. A pendulum consists of a long piece of string with a ball of mass 5 kg at the one end. The ball is released from a vertical height of 3,0 m. at the lowest point of the swing it collides with a stationary ball B of mass 3,5 kg, which is resting on smooth table. The ball B is pushed away with a velocity of 6 m.s-1.

A a) Calculate the height that ball A reaches after the collision. b) Prov e that the collision between A and B was inelastic. B

5.

An electric motor is used to pumped 300 kg of water per minute from a river to a dam situated 40 m above the water level in the river. If 50 % of the energy provided by the motor, is effectively used to transfer the water, calculate the power of the motor.

SOLUTIONS

1. Work done by a force is defined as the product of the displacement and the force acting in the direction of the displacement. 2. Work is done: (i) when you pick up your case from the floor. (ii) when you push a car forward on a straight road. Work is not done: (i) on the bag when you hold it in your hand while you are walking. (ii) on the car when you push it but it does not move. 3. a) Zero. Force and the motion of the box are in different directions
b)

W = Fd cos = 40. 1,2. cos 30 = 41.56 J

4. a) Determine the velocity of ball A just before the collision: EP (top) = EK (bottom) mgh = mv2 v = 2 gh = 2. 10 . 3 = 7,75 m.s-1 Determine the velocity after the collision at which the ball A swings up: p before collision = p after collision mA v + mB. v = mA.v + mB. v 5. 7,75 + 3,5 . 0 = 5. v + 3,5. 6 38,75 = 5.v + 21 v = 38,75 21 5 = 3,55 m.s-1

At maximum height EP (top) = EK (bottom) mgh h = mv2 = v2

2g = (3,55)2 2. 10 = 0,63 m b) EK (before) = mv2 = . 5. (7,75)2 = 150 J EK (after) = mv2 pendulum + mv2 = 94,51 J EK is not conserved, therefore collision is non-elastic. 5. W = EP (top) = mgh = 300 . 10. 40 = 120 000 J energy conversion of motor = 120 000 x 50 100 P = W t = 60 000 = 1 000 W 60
ball

= . 5. (3,55)2 + . 3,5 . (6)2