Green Manufacturing and Management in Electronics Industry

Dr. L. Ramakrishnan, FIEMA, C.Env. Regional Environmental Coordinator Philips Lighting, Asia Pacific 2006.03.07

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Workshop on Green Manufacturing and Management, Pune

Ref: Greenpeace

Environmental Issues of Products

The number of computers in India: +/- 14,000,000 (growth: 25 % per year) - Each one of these PCs is a TOXIC Trap - Workers working in chip making facilities are likely to be exposed to toxic chemicals that may lead to cancer, miscarriage, birth defects etc. - Many manufacturing sites of chips generate hazardous wastes and contaminate ground water; for every 2 gm of chip about 1260 gm of chemicals and materials are used
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Workshop on Green Manufacturing and Management, Pune

Environmental Issues of Products - EOL PCs contribute to the mounting electronics waste EOL PCs find their way to many Asian countries including India for Recycling where workers are exposed to toxins leading to damage to the central nervous system, endocrine disruption, interference with brain development and organ damage - A typical computer monitor with a cathode ray tube contains 2-4 Kg of Lead, as well as phosphor, barium and Chromium (VI)

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Workshop on Green Manufacturing and Management, Pune

Environmental Issues of Products

- the chip resistors and semiconductors contain Cadmium; - Mother Boards and connectors contain Beryllium - Printed Circuit Boards and Plastics casing contain Brominated flame retardants (e.g. PBBE)

(Source: Worldwatch Institute)

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Workshop on Green Manufacturing and Management, Pune

Green Manufacturing & Management

Design Manufacture

Supplier

Transport

Landfill, Incinerate

EOL Product

Use Reuse, Repair, Remanufacture, Recycle

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Workshop on Green Manufacturing and Management, Pune

Design for Environment: Focal Areas: Mass reduction Reduced consumption of resources

Design

Reduction/elimination of hazardous substances (Cd, Pb, PBBE etc) Reduction in consumption of energy (standby and in operation) Recyclability (disassembly, monomaterials, pressfit, glue, welding) Packaging Mass (elimination of PVC, PU, EPS) Repairability and long life
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Supplier Green Purchasing: Focal Areas: Compliance Reduced Risk Substances in process and in product Eco-Efficiency Resource Consumption Recirculation of Packages Environmental Management System (Supplier Sustainability Audits)
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Green Manufacturing: Focal Areas: Energy Consumption Water Consumption Hazardous Substances

Manufacture

Waste Reduction (Hazardous and non-hazardous Waste) Emission Reduction (Lead, solvents, decomposition products) Mass Balance
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2006-2009

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Energy Consumption (GJ) Philips India

940000 920000 900000 880000 860000 840000 820000 800000 780000 760000 2001 2002 2003 2004 500000 450000 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

Water Consumption (KL) Philips India

2001

2002

2003

2004

Waste Generation (KG) in Philips India

7000000 6000000 5000000
1500 2500 2000

Mercury Emissions (KG) Philips India

4000000 3000000 2000000

500 1000

1000000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004

0 2001 2002 2003 2004

Cat II (EGE, Toluene, Xylene, Sb, Pb) Emissions (KG) Philips India
7000 6000 5000 4000

Cat III (VOCs, SOx, NOx etc) Emissions (KG) Philips India
600000 500000 400000 300000

3000 2000 1000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004

200000 100000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004

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Green Supply Chain (Logistics): Focal Areas: Compliance Optimization Handling of goods at transfer points

Transport

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Use: Major Issue: Energy Consumption Maintenance Use

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End of Life Product: E-Waste

EOL Product

Recycling, Repair & Reuse, Remanufacture Incineration / Land-fill

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In Essence Green Manufacturing and Management is about Designing products using Design For Environment Principles, manufacturing them with eco-efficient processes, delivering them to the customer with the least environmental impact and applying Cradle to Cradle or similar approaches for handling EOL products.

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