Index

INDEX
Actinic keratosis, 8990 Actinomyces israelii, 176 Actinomycosis, 177f cervicofacial, 176177 intestinal, 176 Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 458 Acupuncture for radiation-induced xerostomia, 249 for TMD, 293 Acute atrophic candidiasis, 96, 96f Acute bronchitis, 349350 Acute coronary syndromes, 373377 Acute inammations, 175179 Acute intrinsic renal failure, 411412 Acute leukemia, 443444 Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 443444 Acute monomyelogenous leukemia gingival inltrates in, 448f Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 443444 ecchymoses, 469f morphologic subtypes of, 444t palatal chloromas in, 448f Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), 6163, 62f clinical manifestations of, 62 treatment of, 6263 Acute pain vs. chronic pain, 312 Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, 9496 Acute renal failure, 411412 oral health considerations of, 423 Acute unstable coronary syndromes diagnosis of, 374 Acyclovir, 447 for erythema multiforme, 59 for herpes simplex virus infection, 54, 68, 76 for herpes zoster, 57 for nervous intermedius neuralgia, 330 for oral hairy leukoplakia, 94 in transplantation, 510 ADD, 294 clinical manifestations of, 294295 Addison's disease, 133 Adenocarcinoma, 205f, 264, 359 Adenocystic carcinoma arising in maxillary sinus computed tomography of, 47f Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 263
A AAOP, 281 Abacavir for HIV infection, 544 Abciximab for unstable coronary syndromes, 374 Aberrant salivary glands, 244 ABO blood group antigens, 202 Abrikosov's myocytes, 148 Abscess swelling of, 250f ABVD for Hodgkin's disease, 449450 Acantholysis, 69 Acanthosis nigricans, 169t, 173, 185t Acarbose, 569 Accessory nerve examination of, 22 ACEIs for chronic renal failure, 419 for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 382 for hypertension, 367, 369t Acetaminophen for chronic pain, 315 Acid-etching materials adverse effects of, 88 Acinar cells, 236 Acinic cell carcinoma, 263264 Acoustic nerve examination of, 21 Acquired immunity, 479480 Acquired immunodeciency syndrome (AIDS), 165, 250, 397 death rate, 542t Kaposi's sarcoma with, 129 malignant disease in, 215 oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93 prognosis, 543t raking of, 541t Acquired platelet disorders, 461462 Acrolein adverse effects of, 356 Acromegaly, 582 ACTH adverse effects of, 397 for ulcerative colitis, 396
623
624
Burkets Oral Medicine
Adenoidectomy, 345 Adenoma canalicular, 262 Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, 161162, 162f Adenomatous polyposis carcinoma (APC) gene, 171 Adenomatous polyposis coli, 196198 Adenopathy palpation for, 15 Adenovirus, 342, 348 and transplantation, 511 Adrenal diseases, 583587 diagnosis of, 585 management of, 585586 oral health considerations of, 586587 pathophysiology of, 583585 prognosis of, 586 treatment of, 586 Adrenal insufciency signs and symptoms of, 585t Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) adverse effects of, 397 for ulcerative colitis, 396 Advanced glycation end products, 567 Adynamic bone disease, 416 African Americans, 166 aging of, 5 cancer in survival rate of, 198 oropharyngeal cancer in, 195 pigmentation of, 132 Witkop's disease in, 8687 African form of Kaposi's sarcoma, 129 Age-related changes in oral health, 609610 Agranulocytosis, 439440 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeciency syndrome Airway infections lower, 348359 upper, 341349 AJCC tumor classication of, 198199, 198t Albright's syndrome, 149150, 150, 169t, 173 Albuterol for asthma, 354 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356 Alcohol, 195 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, 382 Alcoholic hepatitis, 401402 Alcoholism and salivary gland dysfunction, 255 Alendronate for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 ALL, 443444 Allergen immunotherapy for asthma, 355 Allergic conjunctivitis, 342344 Allergic rhinitis, 342344 Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 342 Allergic salute, 343
Allergic shiners, 343 Allergic sialadenitis, 249 Allergies, 498500 history of, 10 Allodynia, 312 Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 514 Allogeneic transplants, 504 Allografts, 504 Allopurinol adverse effects of, 57 Alprazolam for chronic pain, 316 ALS, 596597 Alveolar lymphangiomas, 147 Alzheimer's disease, 606 Amalgam tattoo, 134 Amantadine, 597598 Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for hypertension, 366 Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis chronic, 421 Ameloblastic broma, 164, 165f Ameloblastoma, 159161, 160f, 165f American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP), 281 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor classication of, 198199, 198t American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring system, 26t Amifostine (Ethyol), 219, 222 for mucositis, 221222 radioprotective properties of, 248 Aminocaproic acid after oral surgical procedures, 471 Amiodarone for atrial brillation, 383 Amitriptyline, 292 for atypical facial pain, 332 for burning mouth syndrome, 334 for chronic pain, 316 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 AML, 443444 ecchymoses, 469f morphologic subtypes of, 444t palatal chloromas in, 448f Amlexanox paste recurrent aphthous stomatitis for, 65 Amodiaquine antimalarials adverse effects of, 132 Amoxicillin for bronchitis, 349 for chronic renal failure, 424 for otitis media, 345 for sinusitis, 346 Amoxicillin plus clavulanate for otitis media, 345 for sinusitis, 346 Amphogel for mucositis, 220
Index
625
Amphotericin B for mucormycosis, 79 for oral candidiasis, 101 Ampicillin adverse effects of, 399400 for pneumonia, 351 Amyloidosis, 170t, 175 and renal disease, 414 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 596597 Analgesic ladder WHO, 219 Anaphylaxis generalized, 499500 localized, 498499 Anemia, 430 from decreased red cell production, 436437 from hemolysis, 432433 from iron loss, 431432 Anemia of chronic disease in SLE, 487 Anesthesia American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring system for, 26t Anesthesia dolorosa, 329 Anetholetrithione (Sialor), 222, 259260 Aneurysm rupture of, 593 Aneurysmal bone cyst, 152 Anger and chronic pain, 313 Angiomatous syndromes, 145147 Angiosarcoma, 129 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) for chronic renal failure, 419 for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 382 for hypertension, 367, 369t Angiotensin II receptor blockers for hypertension, 369t Angular cheilitis, 9798, 549, 550f Anistreplase for pulmonary embolism, 358 Ankylosis, 300 Ann Arbor staging classication, 449t Anorexia nervosa, 404 and salivary gland dysfunction, 255 Antacids for hiatal hernia, 392 Anterior disk displacement with reduction, 294295 without reduction, 295296 Antianxiety agents, 292 Antibiotic-induced diarrhea, 399400 Antibiotic prophylaxis for diabetics, 574 for infective endocarditis, 378 standard regimens for, 380t for total joint replacement, 497t for transplantation, 519
for valvular heart disease, 379 Anticancer drugs adverse effects of, 61 Anticholinergics, 265 Anticoagulant-related coagulopathies, 463 Anticoagulants and dental care, 375377 oral health considerations of, 472473 for prosthetic heart valves, 379t Antifungal drugs for xerostomia, 259 Antigen presenting cells, 505 Antihypertensive medication, 368t369t Antilymphocyte globulin in transplantation, 509 Antimicrobial medication in transplantation, 510 Antioxidants and coronary artery disease, 372 Antiperspirants, 265 Antiplatelet medications, 374t Antithrombin medications, 374t Antithymocyte in transplantation, 509 ANUG, 6163, 62f clinical manifestations of, 62 treatment of, 6263 Anxiety and chronic pain, 313 Aortic regurgitation, 378 Aortic valve disease, 378379 APC gene, 171 Aphthous stomatitis, 397 recurrent. See Recurrent aphthous stomatitis Aphthous ulcers, 398399, 556f with HIV infection, 554 Aplastic anemia, 437 Apparent polycythemia, 430 Appliance therapy for TMD, 291 aPTT, 458 Arm erythema multiforme of, 58f Arrhythmia, 382384 Arterial blood gases in pulmonary embolism, 358359 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 593 Arthritis with Behet's syndrome, 66 of TMJ, 296299 Articular disk, 273274 Articular disk displacement (ADD), 294 clinical manifestations of, 294295 Articial saliva, 259 Ashkenazi Jews pemphigus in, 68 Asians pigmentation of, 132 Aspergillosis, 516f
626
Aspergillus, 112, 350, 447 and transplantation, 512 Aspirin adverse effects of, 88, 461 for chronic pain, 315 for coronary artery disease, 373, 375376 for prosthetic heart valves, 379 for TIAs, 594 toxicity of, 134 Aspirin burn, 88, 88f Asthma, 352354 Asymptomatic periapical actinomycotic foci, 177 Ataxia telangiectasia, 482 a-thalassemia, 435436 Atherogenic dyslipidemia, 372 Atherosclerosis, 328329, 370 and diabetes mellitus, 566 in SLE, 487 Atopy, 342343 Atrial brillation, 383 Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 382 Atrophic candidiasis, 549 chronic, 9698 Atypical facial pain, 317318, 331333 Atypical odontalgia, 317318, 331333 Aura, 602 Autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, 496 and SLE, 487, 488t Autograft, 504 Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, 59 Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, 134 Autoimmunity, 480 Autologous transplant, 504 Autosomal recessive inheritance, 185t AVM, 593 AVNRT, 382 Azathioprine (AZA) adverse effects, 397398 for Behet's syndrome, 66 for dermatomyositis, 495 for erythema multiforme, 59 for oral lichen planus, 112 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 in transplantation, 507 for ulcerative colitis, 396 Azithromycin for Legionnaires' disease, 532 B Bacilli Calmette-Guerin, 530 Bacterial endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis for, 380t, 381t Bacterial infection, 253f, 526532 with HIV infection, 553 and transplantation, 514 Bacterial sialadenitis, 253 Bacteroides, 346 Bacteroides intermedius, 61
Barrett's esophagus, 390 Basal cell adenomas, 262 Basal cell carcinoma, 214 Basilar melanosis melanocyte overpopulation, 126 Basilar migraine, 335 Basiliximab in transplantation, 509 b-blockers for arrhythmia, 382 for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 382 for hypertension, 367 for unstable coronary syndromes, 374 b-carotene, 219 B-cell system, 480 BEANS for chronic renal failure, 419 Beck Depression Inventory, 322 Becker's muscular dystrophy, 601 Beer, 195 Behavioral therapy for pain, 313 for TMD, 292 Behet's syndrome, 6567, 66f clinical manifestations of, 66 diagnosis of, 66 etiology of, 66 vs. recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 66 treatment of, 6667 Bell's palsy, 56, 599 Benign giant cell tumor, 143f Benign lymphoepithelial lesion, 256 Benign lymphoid hyperplasia, 1441145 Benign migratory glossitis, 115 Benign virus-induced tumors, 165167 Benzathine penicillin G for tonsillopharyngitis, 348 Benzodiazepine, 292 for chronic pain, 314 Benzydamine hydrochloride (Tantum) for mucositis, 220 Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 461 Betamethasone for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Betel, 117 Bethanechol, 222 BFU-E, 429 Bicarbonate for mucositis, 220 Bilateral chronic submaxillary sialadenitis, 254f Bile acid sequestrants, 371t Binge eating, 404 Biofeedback, 219, 292 Biographic information in medical history, 9 Biologic response modiers, 220 for mucositis, 221 Bioprosthetic valves, 379
Index
627
Biopsy for erosive lichen planus, 75 of pemphigus vulgaris, 6970 of salivary glands, 242 Birthmark, 147 Bismuth adverse effects of, 135 for duodenal ulcer, 395 Bisphosphonates for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Bisulfan in transplantation, 509 Bjork-Shiley valve, 379 Black hairy tongue, 116117, 117f Black neonates alveolar lymphangiomas in, 147 Blacks. See African Americans Blastomycosis, 78 oral manifestations of, 78 treatment of, 78 Bleeding and clotting disorders, 454473 and ability to withstand care, 474 classication of, 459462 clinical and laboratory ndings, 457458 clinical features of, 458t dental patient identication with, 464 hemostatic screening tests for, 459t and infection susceptibility, 473 management of, 464468 oral nding in, 468 oral health considerationsoral health considerations of, 468473 pathophysiology of, 455458 prognosis of, 468 Bleeding time, 458459 Blenoxane adverse effects of, 183 Bleomycin (Blenoxane) adverse effects of, 183 Block injections for coagulopathies, 471 Blood glucose hormonal regulation of, 564t Blood pressure classication of, 365t measurement of, 14, 15t in dental setting, 370t values of, 14t Bloodroot plant, 92 Blood typing for transplantation, 506507 Blue nevus, 130131 Blue/purple vascular lesions, 127130 BMT, 503 for acute leukemia, 445 Bone cyst aneurysmal, 152 traumatic, 152 Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 503
for acute leukemia, 445 Bordetella pertussis, 349 Botulinum toxin, 265 Bowen's disease, 105 Brachytherapy, 209213 Bracing, 310t Brainstem syndrome with Behet's syndrome, 66 Breakthrough pain, 315 Breslow method, 131 Bromhexine, 222, 259 Bronchiolitis, 352353 Bronchiolitis obliterans and transplantation, 512 Bronchitis acute, 349350 chronic, 355 Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis, 352 Brown heme-associated lesions, 134 Brown melanotic lesions, 130133 Brown tumors, 418 Bruxism, 293294 b-thalassemia major, 435436 Buccal ecchymoses, 469f Buccal mucosa amalgam tattoo of, 135f leukoplakia of, 200f varices of, 128 Buccinator muscle, 277 Bulimia, 404 and salivary gland dysfunction, 255 Bullae, 51 Bullous lichen planus, 7475 Bullous pemphigoid, 7172, 71f clinical manifestations of, 71 treatment of, 71 Buprenorphine for chronic pain, 316 Burkitt's lymphoma, 450 Burning feet, 415 Burning mouth syndrome, 332333, 571 Burp, 391 Burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), 429 Buspirone, 294 Busulfan for chronic myelocytic leukemia, 445 for polycythemia vera, 430 Butorphanol for chronic pain, 316 for migraine headache, 316 Buttery rash in SLE, 487, 488f C Cafe au lait pigmentation, 132 Caffeine, 315 Caged-ball valve, 379 Calcied phleboliths, 245
628
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC), 158159 Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), 158, 162, 162f Calcium urinary levels of, 174 Calcium antagonists for hypertension, 369t Calcium channel blocker for cluster headache, 334 dihydropyridine, 367 for hypertension, 367 induced- gingival hyperplasia, 182183 Canalicular adenoma, 262 Cancer classication of, 198199, 198t Cancrum oris, 62f Candida, 87, 95101, 217, 219, 350 associated with leukoplakia, 201 oral hair leukoplakia with, 202 and transplantation, 512 Candida albicans, 399 in elderly, 613 Candida krusei, 550 Candidal leukoplakia, 99f Candidiasis, 94, 222, 483f, 515, 516f acute atrophic, 96, 96f atrophic, 549 chronic, 549 chronic hyperplastic, 98, 98f, 99f chronic mucocutaneous, 99, 100f chronic multifocal, 9899, 100f in elderly prevention and treatment of, 616 erythematous, 549 with HIV infection, 548549 hyperplastic, 549 immunosuppressed (HIV)-associated, 99101 mucosal, 259 oral classication of, 94t treatment of, 101 Capsaicin for atypical facial pain, 332 for chronic pain, 316 for herpes zoster, 57 for mucositis, 221 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 Capsular ligament, 274 Carbamazepine adverse effects of, 57 for chronic pain, 316 for epileptic seizures, 602 for glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 329 for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Carbidopa, 598 Carbon dioxide laser for leukoplakia, 202 Carbon monoxide adverse effects of, 355356
Carcinoembryonic antigens, 202 Carcinogenesis molecular model of, 197f Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 264 Cardene adverse effects of, 183 Cardiac catheterization for heart failure, 381382 Cardiac risk index computation of, 27t Cardiac transplant, 518 complications of, 512513 intraoral herpes in, 515f Cardiazem adverse effects of, 183 Cardiomyopathy alcoholic, 382 Cardiovascular risk factors, 370371 assessment of, 366367 in hypertension, 364t stratication of, 365t Cardiovascular system diseases, 363384 prevalence, 364t CARE trial, 370 Carisoprodol, 292 Carlson-Crittenden collectors, 237 Carotenoid supplementation, 203 Carotid artery, 277 Carotidynia, 335 Castleman's disease, 71 Cat-scratch disease, 177178 Cat-scratch fever, 175 Cavernous hemangiomas, 127, 128 Cavernous sinus thrombosis, 595 CBDC, 74 CCD sensor, 37f CCL, 113 CD20 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450 CD8 lymphocytes, 203 Ceftazidime for granulocytopenia, 439440 Celecoxib for TMD, 291 Cell-mediated immunity, 479 Cementifying broma, 163, 164 Cementoblastoma, 163, 164 Cementomas, 163 periapical, 163 Cemento-ossifying broma, 151f Central odontogenic broma, 163 CEOC, 158159 CEOT, 158, 162, 162f Cephalosporins for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 357 for granulocytopenia, 439440 for pneumonia, 351 for tonsillopharyngitis, 348 Cerebral hemorrhage, 593594
Index
629
Cerebral infarction, 593 Cerebral palsy, 598599 Cerebrovascular accident, 593594 Cerebrovascular disease, 593595 Cervical muscles palpation of, 287 Cervical nerves, 308t Cervical tuberculosis lymphadenitis, 529f Cervicofacial actinomycosis, 176177 Cevimeline for Sjogren's syndrome, 260 CFU-E, 429 Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor, 37f Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 441442 Cheeks biting, 77f chewing, 88 examination of, 16 pedunculated brous inammatory hyperplasia of, 140f Cheilitis, 8990, 90f Cheilitis granulomatosa, 178f Chemotherapy, 213 Cherubism, 152, 153f histologic features of, 153f Chest radiography for heart failure, 381 Chewing tobacco, 9091, 202 Chickenpox, 55 Chief complaint, 9 Chi gong, 249 Child-Pugh classication, 402 Children asthma in, 352354 cafe au lait pigmentation in, 132 dental therapy for hemophilia, 472 graphite tattoo in, 135 hemangiomas in, 127 lymphoma dental root alteration, 518f oral lesions in with HIV infection, 556 radiotherapy for, 225226 TMD in, 281 Chipmunk facies, 436 Chlamydia, 348, 350, 351 Chlamydia pneumoniae, 349 Chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 446 for polycythemia vera, 430 Chlorhexidine for mucositis, 221 for phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182 Chlorzoxazone, 292 Cholestasis, 401 Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial, 370 Cholesterol-lowering medications, 371t CHOP for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450
Christmas factor deciency, 462 Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 421 Chronic atrophic candidiasis, 9698 Chronic bronchitis, 355 Chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC), 74 Chronic candidiasis, 549 Chronic cutaneous lupus (CCL), 113 Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, 98, 98f, 99f Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis, 179 Chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443 ulcers with, 443f Chronic leukemia, 445448 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 71, 446447 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, 99, 100f Chronic multifocal candidiasis, 9899, 100f Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 445446 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 355357 Chronic orofacial pain assessment of, 319328 associated with systemic disease, 324325 confused with toothache, 324 consultation and referral for, 323 diagnostic imaging of, 323 diagnostic nerve blocks for, 323324 disability and behavioral assessment, 321322 examination of, 319328 history of, 319320 indicating serious disease, 324 laboratory tests for, 323 physical examination, 320321 psychological and emotional factors of, 326327 responses to unexplained symptoms, 325 screening of, 322t Chronic pain, 312316 vs. acute pain, 312 behavioral issues in, 313 diagnostic coding of, 317t drug therapy for, 315316 pathophysiology of, 312313 treatment of, 313314 Chronic pain syndrome, 312 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 334 Chronic renal failure, 412413 medical management of, 419423 oral health considerations of, 423427 Chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prediction of, 288 Cicatricial pemphigoid, 7274, 72f in elderly, 612 Cigarettes, 195 and coronary artery disease, 371 Cimetidine for duodenal ulcer, 395 Cinnamon allergy, 60f, 74 Circumvallate dorsum, 138 Cirrhosis liver, 403 Cisapride for GERD, 391
630
Clarithromycin for otitis media, 345 for pneumonia, 351 for sinusitis, 346 Classic migraine, 335 Clindamycin, 519 adverse effects of, 399400 for chronic renal failure, 424 Clinicians demeanor of, 8 CLL, 71, 446447 Clobetasol (Temovate) for lupus erythematosus, 112113 for oral lichen planus, 110 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Clonazepam for atypical facial pain, 332 for burning mouth syndrome, 333 for chronic pain, 314, 316 for TMD, 291 Clonidine for chronic pain, 316 Clopidogrel for coronary artery disease, 375 Closed lock, 295 Clostridium difcile, 399 Clotrimazole, 248 for oral candidiasis, 101 Clotting disorders. See Bleeding and clotting disorders Cluster designation 8 (CD8) lymphocytes, 203 Cluster headache, 334335 CML, 445446 CMV, 51, 165, 249, 250251 with HIV infection, 551 and transplantation, 511 Coagulation, 455456 Coagulation cascade, 457f Coagulation disorders, 462463 Coagulation factors, 462t Coagulation factors concentrate products, 466t Coagulopathies congenital, 462463 Cobblestoning, 343 Codeine for bronchitis, 349 Coexisting systemic disease, 23 Coffee avoidance of, 135 Cognitive-behavior therapy, 292 Cognitive therapy for pain, 314 Colchicine for Behet's syndrome, 66 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65 Colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E), 429 Common variable immunodeciency (CVID), 481 Communication improvement of, 608t Complement system, 479
Complex odontoma, 165 Complex regional pain syndrome 1, 331332 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 312313 Computed tomography (CT), 4041 costs of, 48 streak artifact in, 41f Condition diagram, 30 Condyloma acuminatum, 485f Condyloma latum, 141 Condentiality of medical interview, 8 of patient records, 30 Congenital coagulopathies, 462463 Congenital epulides, 148f Congenital hemolytic anemia, 435436 Congenital platelet disorders, 461 Congestive heart failure, 416 Connective-tissue diseases, 486498 Connective-tissue disorders, 413414 Consent for transmittal of HIV-related information, 548f Consultations, 9, 28 answering, 23 procedure of, 2627 Contact allergic stomatitis, 6061 clinical manifestations of, 60 diagnosis of, 61 treatment of, 61 Contact allergy, 332 Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis, 421 Contrast-enhanced radiography, 44 Conventional tomography, 39 Cooley's anemia, 435436 Cornell Medical Index, 5 Coronal caries in elderly, 613614 Coronary angiography for coronary artery disease, 373 Coronary artery disease, 368377 diagnosis of, 372373 etiology of, 369 incidence of, 368369 management of, 373 and precautions regarding dental procedures, 375 prognosis of, 373 risk factors of, 369370 and transplantation, 512 Coronavirus, 342, 349 Corticosteroids adverse effects of, 397, 511t for Bell's palsy, 599 for cranial arteritis, 334 for dermatomyositis, 495 for erosive lichen planus, 75 for erythema multiforme, 59 for mucous membrane pemphigoid, 73 for occipital neuralgia, 330 for oral lichen planus, 110 for platelet disorders, 464
Index
631
post-translplantation, 519 for SLE, 489 in transplantation, 509, 513 for ulcerative colitis, 396 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), 580f Cortisol, 573, 580f Corynebacterium, 346 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 348 Cost of magnetic resonance imaging, 43 of maxillofacial imaging, 48 Cotswold classication, 449t Coumadin, 376 for atrial brillation, 383 for heart failure, 382 for prosthetic heart valves, 379 Coumarin, 463 Cowden's syndrome, 169t, 174, 185t, 405 COX, 315 Coxsackievirus infections, 5455, 342, 348 CPK, 374 Cranial arteritis, 334 Cranial nerve, 308t examination of, 1920, 20t, 321t function of, 19 Cranial nerve III, IV, V (ocular nerves) examination of, 20 herpes zoster of, 56f Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) examination of, 20 Cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) examination of, 19 Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), 308 examination of, 21 Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), 308 examination of, 21 Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve) examination of, 21 Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve), 308 examination of, 20 Cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) examination of, 22 Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve), 308 examination of, 21 Cranial neuralgia classication of, 318t Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), 374 Creatinine clearance test, 410 CRH, 580f Crohn's disease, 175, 178, 179f, 395396, 398399 Cross-matching, 506 Cross syndrome, 185t Crowe's sign, 168 CRPS, 312313 Cryoprecipitate for hemophilia, 465 for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 Cryosurgery for hemangiomas, 127, 146
for varices, 128 Cryptococcus, 350 Cryptococcus neoformans and transplantation, 512 Cryptosporidium, 532533 epidemiology of, 533t CSA. See Cyclosporine A CT, 4041 costs of, 48 streak artifact in, 41f Cushing's disease, 583 Cushing's syndrome, 133, 172, 460, 583 treatment of, 586 Cutaneous freckle. See Ephelis CVID, 481 CVP for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450 Cyclic neutropenia, 440441, 441f lesions of, 442f Cyclobenzaprine for chronic pain, 316 Cyclooxygenase (COX), 315 Cyclophosphamide for multiple myeloma, 451 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 for polycythemia vera, 430 in transplantation, 509 Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450 Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 450 Cyclosporine A (CSA) adverse effects, 511 for Behet's syndrome, 66 drug interactions with, 519 for erosive lichen planus, 75 induced-gingival hyperplasia, 182183 for oral lichen planus, 110 in transplantation, 507 for ulcerative colitis, 396 Cystic brosis, 357358 Cystic hygromas, 147 Cytarabine for acute leukemia, 444 Cytokines for mucositis, 221 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 51, 165, 249, 250251 with HIV infection, 551 and transplantation, 512 D Daclizumab in transplantation, 509 Dapsone adverse effects of, 73 for erosive lichen planus, 75 for erythema multiforme, 59 for mucous membrane pemphigoid, 73
632
for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65 Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, 73 Darier's disease, 244 Daunorubicin for acute leukemia, 444 DCCT, 568 DDAVP for chronic renal failure, 423 for hemophilia, 466 for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 thromboembolism, 376 ddC for HIV infection, 544 ddl for HIV infection, 544 De-afferentation pain classication of, 318t Death leading causes of, 606t Decongestants for allergic rhinitis, 343 Degenerative joint disease, 296299 Dehydration, 236 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for Sjogren's syndrome, 258 Delaviridine (DLV) for HIV infection, 544 Demeanor of clinicians, 8 Dementia, 606 Demographic information in medical history, 9 Dennie-Morgan folds, 343 Dental caries, 222223, 223f in elderly prevention and treatment of, 617 and transplantation, 514 xerostomia-associated, 223f Dental cavity varnishes adverse effects of, 88 Dental clinics maxillofacial imaging in, 3639 Dental department hospital, 23 Dental disorders in elderly prevention and treatment of, 616617 Dental granuloma, 161f Dental/medical record, 2930 condition diagram, 30 condentiality of, 3031 organization of, 2930 problem-oriented, 2930 Dental patients with severe medical problems, 34 Dentifrices adverse effects of, 89, 89f Dentigerous cyst, 156
in mandibular third molar region, 39f Dentition age-related changes in, 609610 Dentoalveolar abscess and transplantation, 514 Dentofacial abnormalities, 225226 Denture papillomatosis, 141 Dentures, 138, 141 epulis ssuratum, 139140 modied for radiation therapy, 212f Denture sore mouth, 9697, 97f Denture stomatitis, 9697 Depression and burning mouth syndrome, 332 and chronic pain, 313 Dermatomyositis, 494495 Dermoid cysts, 152153, 154f 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) for chronic renal failure, 423 for hemophilia, 466 for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 thromboembolism, 376 Desferoxamine for microcytic hypochromic anemia, 415 Desiprimine for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 Desmopressin acetate. See 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin Desquamative gingivitis, 73, 74f, 75f Developmental white lesions, 114 DHEA for Sjogren's syndrome, 258 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), 568 Diabetes mellitus, 324, 563575 cause of, 480 classication of, 563564 clinical presentation of, 566 complications of, 566568, 567t and coronary artery disease, 371 diagnosis of, 566 epidemiology of, 563564 laboratory ndings in, 566, 567t management of, 568570 and oral diseases, 570572 oral health considerations of, 572575 pathophysiology of, 564566 and renal disease, 414 and salivary gland dysfunction, 254255 signs and symptoms of, 566t and transplantation, 512 Diabetic emergencies in dental ofce, 574575 Diagnosis, 532 establishment of, 2427 and informed consent, 31 medical history in, 515 and patient examination, 1224 and records, 2930 Dialysate, 422f
Index
633
Dialysis, 421f medications to avoid during, 427t for platelet defects secondary to uremia, 416 vascular access site, 422f Diarrhea antibiotic-induced, 399400 Diascopy, 146 DIC, 459, 464 management of, 468 Diclofenac, 292 Didanosine (ddl) for HIV infection, 544 Dietary factors and chronic renal failure, 419 and coronary artery disease, 371372 Digastric muscle, 275276 DiGeorge syndrome, 482 Digestive tract diseases lower, 393400 upper, 390393 Digital clubbing, 353 Digital imaging, 3637 Digoxin for heart failure, 382 Dihydropyridines, 183, 367 Diltiazem adverse effects of, 183 for arrhythmia, 382 Direct immunouorescent technique for mucous membrane pemphigoid, 73 Disability denition of, 310 measurement of, 309312 Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), 113 of lower lip, 489f Discoloration. See Pigmentation Disease-related coagulopathies, 463 management of, 467468 Disk disorders clinical ndings of correlating with arthrotomography, 284t Dislocation, 299300 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 459, 464 management of, 468 Disseminated thyroid cancer (DTC), 249 Diuretics for hypertension, 367, 368t Diverticuli, 244 DLE, 113 of lower lip, 489f DLV for HIV infection, 544 DNA-based testing for tissue typing, 507 Donor blood pretreatment of recipient with in transplantation, 510 Doxepin for atypical facial pain, 332
for burning mouth syndrome, 333 for chronic pain, 316 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, dacarbazine (ABVD) for Hodgkin's disease, 449450 Doxycycline, 296297 D-penicillamine for scleroderma, 493 DRG, 24 Drug categories for pregnant patients, 11t Drug-induced. See Medication-induced Dry mouth evaluation of, 236242 d4T for HIV infection, 544 DTC, 249 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 600601 Ductal papilloma, 262 Duct cells, 236 Duodenal ulcer, 394395 Dyclonine hydrochloride for herpes simplex virus infections, 54 Dyskeratosis congenita, 87 Dysphagia in elderly, 615 Dysplasia molecular model of, 197f E Eating disorders, 255, 404 Ecchymosis, 134, 134f Echocardiography for hypertension, 366 Echovirus, 249 Ectopic lymphoid nodules, 138 Ectopic lymphoid tissue, 114 Edentulousness in elderly, 615 prevention and treatment of, 618619 Edwards-MIRA valve, 379 Efavirenz (EFV) for HIV infection, 544 EGF for mucositis, 222 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 460 Elderly. See also Geriatrics bacterial sialadenitis in, 253 chronic conditions of, 606t chronic impairments of, 607t health care access by, 607 increase of, 5 Kaposi's sarcoma in, 129 malignant melanoma in, 131 oral conditions in, 612615 oral disorders in, 609t oropharyngeal processes in, 608t pneumonia in, 352
634
systemic conditions in, 607t temperature in, 13 Electrocautery for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 130 Electrolytes homeostasis of, 409 Electron beam therapy, 208 Electrosurgery for varices, 128 Elephant man syndrome, 168 Embolic stroke, 383 EMLA cream for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 Emotions affecting chronic orofacial pain, 326 evaluation of, 15 Emphysema, 355 Enamel hypoplasia of, 419, 419f Encephalofacial angiomatosis, 146f. See also Sturge-Weber syndrome Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, 127 Endarterectomy for TIAs, 594 Endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis for, 378 bacterial antibiotic prophylaxis for, 380t, 381t cardiac conditions associated with, 380t in hemodialysis, 424 Endocrine disease, 578590 pathophysiology of, 579581 Endocrinopathic pigmentation, 133 Endodontic therapy for hemophilia, 472 Endogenous pigmentation in oral mucosal disease, 127t Endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease, 372 End-stage renal disease etiology of, 412t oral health considerations of, 423427 Entamoeba, 532 Enterobacter, 344 Enterococcus, 424 Enterovirus, 342 Environmental factors and SLE, 487 Eosinophilic granulomatosis, 170t Eosinophilic histiocytosis, 175 Ephelis, 130 Epidemic parotitis, 249250 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) for mucositis, 221 Epidermal nevus, 185t Epidermoid carcinoma, 144 Epilepsy, 601604 Epileptic seizures international classication of, 602t
treatment of, 602603 Epinephrine, 573 adverse effects of, 14 for generalized anaphylaxis, 500 for laryngitis, 348 Epithelial malignancies radiation for, 209 Epoetin alfa for renal disease, 415 Epstein Barr virus, 51, 145, 165, 249, 348 with HIV infection, 551552 oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93 and transplantation, 511 Epulides congenital, 148f Ergotamine for cluster headache, 334 for migraine headache, 335 Erosions, 51 Erosive lichen planus, 7475 clinical manifestations of, 75 diagnosis of, 75 treatment of, 75 Eruption cyst, 156 Erythema area migrans, 115 Erythema migrans, 115 Erythema multiforme, 5760, 57f, 58f, 59f clinical manifestations of, 58 drug-induced, 57 etiology of, 57 treatment of, 5859 Erythematous candidiasis, 549 Erythrocytosis, 430 Erythromycin for Legionnaires' disease, 532 for pneumonia, 351 for tonsillopharyngitis, 348 Erythromycin plus sulsoxazole for otitis media, 345 Erythroplakia, 105107, 106f, 199201, 201f Erythroplasie de Queyrat, 106 Escherichia coli, 254f, 344 Esthesiometers, 21 Estrogen deciency of and coronary artery disease, 371 Ethambutol for tuberculosis, 529 Ethyol, 219, 222 for mucositis, 222223 radioprotective properties of, 248 Etretinate for erosive lichen planus, 75 for oral lichen planus, 110 Examination, 1224 of cranial nerves, 20 of head, neck and oral cavity, 1417 laboratory dental studies in, 2223 of other organ systems, 2324
Index
635
supplementary procedures for, 22 vital signs in, 13 Exercise and coronary artery disease, 372 for TMD, 291 Exercise stress testing for coronary artery disease, 373 Exogenous pigmentation of oral mucosa, 127t External beam therapy, 209 effect of, 248 treatment plan for, 210f Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for scleroderma, 493 Extravasation mucoceles, 246 F Face examination of, 16 herpes zoster of, 56f Facial nerve, 308 examination of, 21 Facial neuralgia, 327328 Facial pain atypical, 317318, 331333 idiopathic classication of, 317319 Factor I deciency, 462 Factor IX complex thrombotic complications of, 467 Factor V deciency, 462 Factor X deciency, 462 Factor XI deciency, 462 Factor XII deciency, 462 Factor XIII deciency, 462 Famciclovir for herpes zoster, 57 for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68 Familial gingival hyperplasia, 183f Familial multiple gigantiform cementoma, 163 Family history, 11 Famotidine for duodenal ulcer, 395 Fanconi's anemia, 437 Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 601 Fasting glucose impaired, 565566 Felbamate for chronic pain, 316 Felodipine adverse effects of, 183 Fernandez reactions, 178 Ferritin, 64 FEV1, 353 Fexofenadine for allergic rhinitis, 343 FHIT (fragile histidine triad), 196198 Fibric acid derivatives, 371t Fibrinolysis, 456457
Fibrinolytic disorders, 464 Fibrinolytic system, 458f Fibrin-stabilizing deciency, 462 Fibroma, 138 cementifying, 163, 164 cemento-ossifying, 151f traumatic, 139141 Fibro-odontoma, 164 Fibrotic gingival enlargement, 181 Fibrous dysplasia, 149150 imaging of, 150 Fibrous inammatory hyperplasias, 139141 Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), 206 of salivary glands, 243 First, do no harm, 26 FK-506 adverse effects, 511 in transplantation, 507 Flavivirus, 534 Florid osseous dysplasia, 164 Fluconazole for oral candidiasis, 101 Fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 446 Fluids homeostasis of, 409 Fluocinonide (Lidex) for oral lichen planus, 110 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Fluoride, 248, 252, 259 for xerostomia, 259 Fluoromethane, 293 Fluorouracil for actinic keratosis, 90 FNA, 206 of salivary glands, 243 Focal dermal hypoplasia, 185t Focal epithelial hyperplasia, 166, 553 Focal myositis, 144 Focal osseous dysplasia, 164 Folate, 64 and coronary artery disease, 372 for phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182 Folic acid, 183 supplement for sickle cell anemia, 435 Folic acid deciency anemia, 437 Follicular cyst, 156 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 353 Forced vital capacity (FVC), 353 Fordyce's granules, 114, 115f Formocresol adverse effects of, 88 Fractures, 299 Fragile histidine triad, 196198 Frey's hairs, 21 Frey's syndrome, 265 Frictional keratosis, 87, 87f Fructosamine test, 566 FTY720
636
in transplantation, 509 Fusarium and transplantation, 512 Fusobacterium, 61, 346 Fusospirochetal stomatitis, 62f FVC, 353 G Gabapentin for atypical facial pain, 332 for chronic pain, 316 for epileptic seizures, 602 for herpes zoster, 57 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 GABHS, 348 Gallium 67 citrate, 4344 Ganglion herpes zoster of, 56 Gap arthroplasty, 300 Gardner's syndrome, 168171, 169t, 171f, 404 Gastric ulcer, 393394 Gastrinoma syndrome, 172 Gastroesophageal reux disease (GERD), 390391 Gastrointestinal bleeding, 315 Gastrointestinal syndromes, 404405 Gastrointestinal tract diseases, 389405 Gate-control theory, 312 G-CSF, 220, 441 for chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443 General Health Questionnaire, 322 Generalized anaphylaxis, 499500 Genetic factors and rheumatoid arthritis, 495 and SLE, 486487 Geniculate neuralgia, 330 Geniohyoid muscle, 277 Geographic tongue, 115, 116f conditions associated with, 116 GERD, 390391 Geriatrics, 605619 Gestational diabetes, 565 Ghost cell keratinization, 158159 GH-RH, 582f Giant cell arteritis, 334 Giant cell granuloma, 142143, 142f Giant cell tumor, 143f benign, 143f histology of, 144f panorex radiography of, 144f Gingiva cysts of of newborn, 114115 enlargement of, 179186, 180f, 181f brotic, 181 inammatory, 179181 syndromes associated with, 183186, 185t examination of, 17 bromatosis of, 183184
granular cell tumor of, 148 hemangiomas of, 146 hyperplasia of, 184f, 603 calcium channel blocker induced, 182183 cyclosporin A induced, 182183 phenytoin-induced, 181182 syndromes associated with, 183186 inammatory (reactive) hyperplasias of, 140f Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f melanotic macule of, 130f nevocellular nevus of, 131 Gingivitis chronic hyperplastic, 179 with herpes simplex virus infections, 53f necrotizing ulcerative, 554f pregnancy, 142 Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, 461 Glenoid fossa, 272 Glomangioma, 147 Glomerular ltration rate, 409 Glomerulonephritis, 412413 in SLE, 487 Glomus jugulare glomus tumor in, 147 Glomus tumor, 147148 Glossitis benign migratory, 115 Glossodynia, 332333 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 308 examination of, 21 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 329 Glucocorticoid excess signs and symptoms of, 585t Glucocorticoids, 584f dose equivalents, 586t supplementation protocol for while undergoing dental care, 490t Glucometers, 566 Glucose intolerance and coronary artery disease, 371 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deciency, 433 Glucose tolerance impaired, 565566 Glycogen storage disease, 147 GM-CSF, 220 Gold therapy adverse effects of, 60 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 for rheumatoid arthritis, 497 Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, 185t Gorlin's cyst, 158159 Gout, 245, 298 and renal disease, 414 Graded Chronic Pain Severity scale, 312 Graded Chronic Pain Status, 322 Graft, 504 Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 74, 110111, 445, 515, 517f tongue lesions of, 449f
Index
637
Gram-negative bacilli, 217 Grand mal seizures, 602 Granular cell epulis, 148149 Granular cell tumor, 148149 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), 220, 441 for chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 442443 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), 220 Granulocytopenia, 439440 Granulocytosis, 439 Granulomatous inammations, 175179 cat-scratch disease, 177178 cervicofacial actinomycosis, 176177 Hansen's disease, 178 orofacial granulomatosis, 178179 Graphite tattoo, 134 Graves' disease, 578, 587, 589 Gray-black pigmentation, 134135 Grimacing, 310t Group 1 beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS), 348 Growth cartilage, 583 Growth hormone, 579 Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), 582f Guanethidine for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Guarding, 310t Guided imagery for pain, 314 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 599600 GVHD, 74, 110111, 445, 515, 517f tongue lesions of, 449f H HAART, 250251 Haemophilus inuenzae, 254f, 344, 346, 349, 350, 351 Hageman factor deciency, 461462 Hair on end, 434f, 436 Hairy leukoplakia, 397 Hairy tongue, 116117, 134 Hallopeau type of pemphigus vegetans, 71 Hamartomas, 145153 brous dysplasia, 149150 glomus tumor, 147148 granular cell tumor, 148149 hemangioma, 145147 lymphangioma, 147 melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, 149 nerve sheath tumor, 149 teratoma, 152153 Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, 55, 348 Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, 175 Hansen's disease, 178 Hard palate examination of, 17 Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f squamous cell carcinoma of, 204f Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 587 HBID, 8687
HBO, 223235 HCT, 503 outcomes of, 513514 HCV. See Hepatitis C virus Head examination of, 1415 extraoral structures in, 16t intraoral structures in, 16t lymph nodes of, 18f Headache associated with systemic disease, 324325 Head and neck diagnostic radiography examinations of effective dose and equivalent natural exposure from, 48t Head and neck cancer pain management in, 227t Head and neck pain syndromes classication of, 317t Health care professionals occupational risks to, 537538 Hearing impairment improvement of communication with, 608t Heartburn, 390 Heart failure, 380382, 416 etiology of, 381t Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study, 367 Heart transplant, 517518 complications of, 512513 intraoral herpes in, 515f Heavy metals pigmentation from, 135 side effects of, 249 Heck's disease, 166, 553 Heerfordt's syndrome, 178, 258 Helicobacter pylori, 390395 Helium-neon laser for mucositis, 221 Hemangiomas, 127128, 145147 in children, 127 of tongue, 145f Hematologic disease, 429452 Hematologic malignancies, 443449 Hematopoiesis, 429 Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 503 outcomes of, 513514 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 442 for acute leukemia, 445 Hematuria, 409 Hemochromatosis, 126, 134, 403 Hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, 420 infective endocarditis in, 424 Hemoglobin, 127t Hemoglobinopathies, 433 Hemolysis anemia from, 432433 Hemolytic anemia causes of, 432t
638
congenital, 435436 Hemolytic jaundice, 400401 Hemophilia A, 461462, 470f low-titer inhibitor, 473f management of, 465467 and oral surgical procedures, 470472 preventive and periodontal therapy, 472 Hemophilia B, 462 management of, 465467 and oral surgical procedures, 470472 preventive and periodontal therapy, 472 Hemorrhagic diathesis, 134 Hemosiderin, 127t Hemostasis following vascular injury, 456f laboratory tests for assessing, 459t mechanisms of, 455 Heparin, 376, 463 during dialysis, 416 for pulmonary embolism, 358 Hepatitis alcoholic, 401402 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 74, 249, 252253, 534539 in dialysis, 424 incidence of, 536t prevalence of, 536t risk to health care workers, 537538 tests for, 537t transmission modes in health care settings, 538t and transplantation, 512 Hepatobiliary system diseases, 400401 Hepatocellular jaundice, 401 Herbal medications, 249 Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID), 8687 Hereditary gingivobromatosis, 184f Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), 129130, 130f, 460 Hereditary white lesions, 8687 dyskeratosis congenita, 87 features of, 86 hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, 8687 leukoedema of, 86 treatment of, 86 white sponge nevus, 86 Herpangina, 5455, 348 clinical manifestations of, 54 laboratory studies of, 55 treatment of, 55 Herpes labialis, 515f recurrent, 67, 67f Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 51, 5254, 77f, 447f, 485f, 514, 515f associated with erythema multiforme, 57 clinical manifestations of, 5253 diagnosis of, 5354 antibody titers, 5354 cytology, 53, 54f isolation, 53
in elderly, 613 gingivitis with, 53f with HIV infection, 550551 in immunosuppressed patients, 7576 diagnosis of, 76 oral manifestations of, 76 treatment of, 76 in oral cancer, 202 recurrent, 6768 and transplantation, 511 treatment of, 54 Herpes virus, 5152 with HIV infection, 550551 Herpes zoster, 330331 facial lesions of, 56f laboratory ndings of, 57 palatal lesions of, 56f and transplantation, 511 treatment of, 57 Herpetic gingivostomatitis, 53f Herpetiform ulcers, 555 Hertwig's sheath, 158 HHT, 129130, 130f, 450 HHV6, 51 HHV8 with HIV infection, 552 Hiatal hernia, 392393 Histiocytosis, 175 Histoplasma, 350, 447 Histoplasmosis, 7778 diagnosis of, 78 oral manifestations of, 7778 treatment of, 78 HIV infection, 249, 538557 bilateral salivary gland enlargement with, 252f classication system for, 540t Kaposi's sarcoma with, 129 medical treatment of, 544 opportunistic infections in, 543t oral hairy leukoplakia with, 93, 201202 oral health considerations, 544547 oral lesions with, 547557 oral melanosis in, 133 pathogenesis of, 541544 prognosis, 543t recurrent aphthous stomatitis with, 65f relevant history questionnaire, 548f treatment of, 545t547t HIV-salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD), 251 HMG CoA reductase enzyme, 370 HMG CoA reductase inhibitors for coronary artery disease, 373 Hodgkin's disease, 264, 448456, 485 staging of, 449t Hodgkin's lymphoma, 175 Homocystine and coronary artery disease, 372 Homogenous leukoplakia, 102, 103 HOPE Study, 367
Index
639
Hospital dental department, 23 Hospitalization, 10 Hospitals maxillofacial imaging in, 3944 HPV, 165, 200, 202, 553f with HIV infection, 552553 HSCT, 442 for acute leukemia, 445 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), 51 Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) with HIV infection, 552 Human immunodeciency syndrome. See HIV Human papillomavirus (HPV), 165, 200, 202, 553f with HIV infection, 552553 Humoral immunity, 480 Huntington's chorea, 598 Huntington's disease, 598 Hurler's syndrome, 147 Hutchinson's freckle, 131 Hydrogen cyanide adverse effects of, 356 Hydrogen peroxide adverse effects of, 88, 89 for mucositis, 220 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase enzyme, 370 reductase inhibitors for coronary artery disease, 373 Hydroxyproline urinary levels of, 174 Hydroxypropyl cellulose for mucositis, 221 Hydroxyquinoline adverse effects of, 132 Hydroxyurea for polycythemia vera, 430 for sickle cell anemia, 435 Hyperacute ejection, 506 Hyperalgesia, 312 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO), 223235 Hyperglycemia, 567 Hyperinsulinism, 172 Hyperlipoproteinemia, 255f Hyperparathyroidism, 172, 324, 416 and renal disease, 414 Hyperplasia, 179 Hyperplastic candidiasis, 549 Hypersensitivity, 480 Hypertension, 172, 364369, 416 cardiovascular risk factors in, 364t assessment of, 366367 modication of, 366 and coronary artery disease, 370371 dental care considerations of, 368 diagnosis of, 365367 etiology of, 365 incidence of, 364365 laboratory testing of, 366
management of, 365t, 367368 physical examination of, 366 prevalence, 364t prognosis of, 368 radiologic testing of, 366 and transplantation, 512 white-coat, 366 Hypertensive medications, 368t369t Hypertensive nephrosclerosis, 413 Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms of, 587t testing for, 582t Hypnosis, 219, 292 Hypoglycemia, 569 determining risk of, 574t factors increasing risk of, 575t treatment of, 575t Hypoglycemia unawareness, 570 Hypoplastic teeth, 183 Hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine axis, 579f Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, 581 Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms of, 587t testing for, 582t Hypoxemia, 356 I IASP orofacial pain classication, 317 IBD, 395396 Ibuprofen, 292 for chronic pain, 315 ICD-9-CM, 25 Icterus, 400401 Idiopathic facial pain classication of, 317319 Idiopathic orofacial pain classication of, 319t Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 134 Idiopathic true leukoplakia, 101105 clinical features of, 102 diagnosis of, 102103 etiology of, 102 histopathologic features of, 102105 management of, 102103 prognosis of, 105 varieties of, 102 IgA deciency, 481 IHS orofacial pain classication, 317 Ileocecal actinomycosis, 176 Illness Behavior Questionnaire, 322 Imagery, 219 Imidazole for oral candidiasis, 101 Immune response ineffective, 480 overactive, 480 Immune thrombocytopenia purpura, 461
640
Immunity acquired, 479480 cell-mediated, 479 and disease protection, 478479 innate, 479 Immunization for mumps, 249 Immunocomplexes and SLE, 487 Immunocompromised patients CMV infections in, 250 herpes labialis in, 515f treatment of, 251 Immunodeciency, 480, 481 oral health considerations of, 484 oral manifestations of, 483484 Immunoglobulins for bronchiolitis, 353 Immunologic diseases, 478500, 480 principles of, 478480 Immunosuppressed (HIV)-associated candidiasis, 99101 Immunosuppressed patients herpes simplex virus infection in, 7576 Immunosuppression in transplantation, 507 Immunosuppression-induced complications of transplantation, 511512 Immunosuppressive agents, 508t Immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis, 344 IMPATH, 317, 322 Inappropriate reaction to self, 480 Incipient eosinophilic granuloma, 175 Indirect immunouorescent antibody tests for pemphigus, 70 Indomethacin for chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 334 Induction therapy, 213 Ineffective immune response, 480 Infants with bronchiolitis, 352353 gingival and palatal cysts of, 114115, 115f with herpes simplex virus infections, 52 hiatal hernia, 392393 Infection susceptibility to with bleeding disorders, 473 Infectious disease, 525556 in elderly, 612613 prevention and treatment of, 616 Infectious white lesions, 93101 candidiasis, 94101 oral hairy leukoplakia, 9394 Infective endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis for, 378 in hemodialysis, 424 Inammations acute, 175179 Inammatory bowel disease (IBD), 395396
Inammatory (reactive) hyperplasias, 138139, 138145, 140f, 142f denition of, 138 giant cell, 142143 pseudosacromatous fasciitis, 143144 pyogenic, 141142 Inuenza virus, 342 Informed consent, 31 INH for tuberculosis, 529 Innate immunity, 479 INR, 376, 397, 458 Insulin, 569570 common regimens, 570t types of, 569t Insulin resistance syndrome, 565t Interferon-alpha for hepatitis C, 538 Internal signaling G protein, 173 International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) orofacial pain classication, 317 International Classication of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modication (ICD-9-CM), 25 International Classication of Diseases (ICD), 25 International Headache Society (IHS) orofacial pain classication, 317 International normalized ratio (INR), 376, 397, 458 Intestinal actinomycosis, 176 Intestinal disorders, 394395 Intradermal testing, 343 Intramuscular trigger point injections, 293 Intraoral appliances for TMD, 291 Intraoral papillomatosis, 166 Intraoral radiography, 36 Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), 176 Intravenous pyelography (IVP), 410 Inverted ductal papilloma, 262 Inverted papilloma, 167f Iodine, 265 Ipratropium bromide for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356 Iron, 134 deciency of, 431432 replacement of, 431 Ischemic heart disease and precautions regarding dental procedures, 375 Isogeneic transplantation, 504 Isograft, 504 Isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis, 529 Isoproterenol adverse effects of, 249 Isotretinoin for oral lichen planus, 110 Isradipine adverse effects of, 183 Itraconazole
Index
641
for histoplasmosis, 78 for oral candidiasis, 101 IUDs, 176 IVP, 410 J Jaundice, 400401 hemolytic, 400401 hepatocellular, 401 obstructive, 401 Jaw congenital epulides of, 148f cysts of, 153158, 155f classication of, 157t lesions of, 175 imaging evaluation of, 47 malignant, 214 lumpy, 176 nodular enlargements of, 138 structural variants of, 138 Jaw disability checklist, 312 Jaw jerk reex, 277278 and silent period, 279 Jaw-opening reex, 278 Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure treatment recommendations, 364 K Kaopectate for mucositis, 220 Kaposi's sarcoma, 129, 129f, 215, 515, 552, 552f and transplantation, 512 Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), 220 Keratin pearl formation of, 144 Keratoacanthoma, 144, 167, 168f Keratosis smokeless tobacco-induced, 9091 solar, 8990 traumatic, 87 Ketamine for chronic pain, 316 Ketoconazole for histoplasmosis, 78 for oral candidiasis, 101 Ketoprofen for chronic pain, 315 KGF, 220 Kidney function of, 408409 structure of, 408409 Kidney failure. See Renal failure Kidney stones, 245 Kidney transplant, 517 gingival overgrowth in, 514f Klebsiella, 344, 351 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 350 Koebner effect, 298
Koplik's spots, 348 Kussmaul's' respirations, 417 L Labial mucosa contact allergy of, 60f erosive lichen planus of, 75f leukoplakia of, 201f Laboratory dental studies, 2223 efcacy of, 2223 Lactobacilli, 217, 610 Lactobacillus, 223 Lacunar infarction, 593 Laminar ow beds for granulocytopenia, 439440 Lamivudine (3TC) for HIV infection, 544 Lamotrigine for chronic pain, 316 for epileptic seizures, 602 for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Langerhans cell, 170t, 175 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 175 Lansoprazole for GERD, 391 Large cell carcinoma, 359 Laryngitis, 347 Laryngotracheobronchitis, 347 Laser surgery, 207 for hemangiomas, 127, 146 Latex allergy, 500 LCH, 175 LDL, 567 Lead adverse effects of, 135 Lead cutout, 212f Lead foil, 209 Legionella, 349, 350, 351, 530532 clinical conditions caused by, 532t Legionella pneumophilia, 530 bacteriologic characteristics of, 531t Legionnaires' disease, 530532 characteristics of, 532t Lentigo malignant melanoma, 131 Leontiasis ossea, 174 Leprosy, 178 Lesions acute multiple, 5162 acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 6163 contact allergic stomatitis, 5960 in coxsackievirus infections, 5455 erythema multiforme, 5760 in herpesvirus infections, 5152 in primary herpes simplex virus infections, 5253 secondary to cancer chemotherapy, 61 in varicella zoster virus infection, 5557 chronic multiple, 6876 bullous disease, 7475 linear IGA disease, 74
642
mucous membrane pemphigoid, 7273 pemphigus, 6871 subepithelial bullous dermatoses, 7172 Letterer-Siwe disease, 175 Leukemia, 175, 443, 484485 acute, 443444 chronic, 445448 Leukoedema, 86f Leukopenia in SLE, 487 Leukoplakia, 90, 93f, 199201 classication of, 199200, 199t diagnosis of, 199200 management of, 202 Leukotriene receptor antagonists for asthma, 354 Levamisole for erythema multiforme, 59 Levodopa, 598 Libman-Sacks vegetations, 490 Lichenoid reactions, 110112 diseases exhibiting, 110t graft-versus-host disease, 110111 Lichen planus, 109f, 201 in elderly, 612 erosive, 7475 clinical manifestations of, 75 diagnosis of, 75 treatment of, 75 forms of, 108f oral. See Oral lichen planus pigmented, 133, 133f Lidex for oral lichen planus, 110 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Lidocaine, 293 for mucositis, 220 Lifestyle factors and coronary artery disease, 371372 Limb-girdle dystrophy, 601 Lime, 117 Linea alba, 87 Linear gingival erythema, 553, 553f Linear IGA disease, 74 Lip candidal infection of, 98f cheilitis granulomatosa of, 178f ephelis of, 130, 130f examination of, 16 Kaposi's sarcoma of, 215f keratoacanthoma of, 144 lupus lesions of, 113f varices of, 128, 128f Lipidoses, 174175 Lipids and coronary artery disease, 370 Lipoprotein, 174175 Lipstick sign, 237 Lithium, 589
Lithotripsy, 246 Liver cirrhosis, 403 Liver disease management of, 467 Liver failure medications for, 519t Localized anaphylaxis, 498499 LOH, 196 Loratadine for allergic rhinitis, 343 Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), 196 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 567 Lower airway infections, 348359 Lower digestive tract diseases, 393400 Lumpy jaw, 176 Lung cancer, 358 Lung transplant, 518 Lupus erythematosus, 112114 clinical features of, 112113 diagnosis of, 112113 drug-induced, 486 histopathologic features of, 113114 systemic. See Systemic lupus erythematosus treatment of, 112113 Lupus nephritis, 414 Lymphadenitis cervical tuberculosis, 529f Lymphangiomas, 147 Lymph nodes examination of, 18 of head and neck, 18f Lymphocytes, 438, 479 Lymphoepithelial lesion benign, 256 Lymphoid hyperplasia benign, 1441145 Lymphoid nodules ectopic, 138 Lymphoid tissue ectopic, 114 Lymphoma, 175, 264, 448451, 515 child dental root alteration, 518f malignant with Sjogren's syndrome, 258 Lymphonodular pharyngitis acute, 55 Lysosomal storage disease, 185t M Macrophage-tropic viruses, 543 Macules, 5051 Maffucci's syndrome, 147 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 4143 costs of, 43, 48 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, 479 Malabsorption oral effects of, 399
Index
643
Malar rash in SLE, 487 Malignancy syndromes predisposing to, 169t170t Malignant lymphoma with Sjogren's syndrome, 258 Malignant melanoma, 131132, 214215 Mandible asymptomatic lesion of, 159f dysfunction of, 225 evaluation of, 285t physical examination directed toward, 286t movement of range of, 286 osteomyelitis of nuclear medicine scan of, 44f rest position of, 278 Mandibular condyle, 272 Mandibular fossa, 272 Mandibular molar cemento-ossifying broma of, 151f Mandibular mucobuccal folds examination of, 17 Manners of clinicians, 8 MAP classication, 310 Masseter muscle paired, 275 Mastication, 225 in elderly, 611 muscles of, 275 Masticatory disorders in elderly prevention and treatment of, 618 Masticatory-muscle hyperactivity, 279 Masticatory muscles accessory to, 275277 myofascial pain of, 289293 palpation of, 286 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 571 Maxilla hemangioma of, 146f Maxillary folds examination of, 17 Maxillary sinus adenocystic carcinoma arising in computed tomography of, 47f cysts of, 157 Maxillofacial imaging, 3548 benets and risks of, 4748 cost of, 48 in hospitals and radiology clinics, 3944 in ofces and dental clinics, 3639 protocols for, 4447 selection criteria for, 3536 May-Hegglin anomaly, 461 McCune-Albright syndrome. See Albright's syndrome McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), 310, 311f Measles, 348
Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 249 Measles virus, 174 Mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis, 352 Median rhomboid glossitis, 98, 98f MedicAlert, 500 Medical history, 515 biographic and demographic information, 9 chief complaint in, 9 components of, 912 and family history, 11 methods and problems of, 56 past, 10 and review of systems, 1112 and social history, 11 Medical information requesting from other departments, 2 Medically complex patients modication of dental care for, 27 Medical referral. See Consultations Medical risk assessment of, 25 Medication history, 10 and dry mouth, 236 Medication-induced complications of transplantation, 510511 Medication-induced erythema multiforme, 57 Medication-induced hepatotoxicity, 402403 Medication-induced lichenoid reactions, 110111 Medication-induced lupus erythematosus, 486 Medication-induced melanosis, 132 Medication-induced salivary dysfunction, 255256 Medication-induced ulcerations with HIV infection, 555556 Medication-induced xerostomia, 253 Medications locating information on, 10 Megaloblastic anemia, 436 Melanin, 126, 127t Melanosis drug-induced, 132 perioral, 132f smoker's, 132133, 132f Melanotic ameloblastoma, 159 Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, 149 Melanotic progonoma, 149 Melasma, 132f Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, 175, 178 Melphalan for multiple myeloma, 451 for polycythemia vera, 430 Menarche with phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 182 MEN III syndrome, 145, 169t, 172 Mercaptopurine for ulcerative colitis, 396 Mercury adverse effects of, 60, 135 Mestinon, 600
644
Metabolic acidosis, 414 Metabolic disorders leading to renal disease, 414 Metabolic syndrome, 372 Metered-dose inhalers for asthma, 354 Metformin, 569 Methemoglobinemia, 73 Methocarbamol, 292 Methotrexate adverse effects of, 61 for dermatomyositis, 495 Methysergide for cluster headache, 334 for migraine headache, 335 Metronidazole for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 63 adverse effects of, 400 for duodenal ulcer, 395 Mexiletine for chronic pain, 316 MHC antigens, 479 Microcytic hypochromic anemia, 415 Micromedex, 10 Miescher's syndrome, 175, 178 Migraine headache, 334 butorphanol for, 316 Mikulicz's disease, 256 Milk of magnesia for mucositis, 220 Millon Behavioral Health Inventory, 322 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 322 Misoprostol for chronic pain, 315 for mucositis, 221 Mitral regurgitation, 377379 Mitral valve disease, 377379 Mitral valve prolapse, 377379 Mitsuda reactions, 178 Mixed connective-tissue disease, 498 Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction, 506 MLC reaction, 506 MMF adverse effects of, 511 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 in transplantation, 507 MMPI, 322 MMPs, 571 MMR vaccine, 249 Moist snuff, 90 Molluscum contagiosum, 167 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors for migraine headache, 335 Monocytic leukemia gingival enlargement in, 182f, 448f Monomorphic adenoma, 261 Mononucleosis, 250 Montelukast
for asthma, 354 Mood disorder due to a general medical conditions, 313t Moraxella catarrhalis, 344 Morphea of face, 491f Morphine for chronic pain, 315316 Morsicatio buccarum, 88f Mouth dermoid cysts of, 154f ecchymosis in, 134f oor of examination of, 17 irregular leukoplakia of, 200f mucositis of, 218f Mouthwashes, 195196 adverse effects of, 89, 89f Mouth-wetting agents, 222 MPQ, 310, 311f MRI, 4143 costs of, 43, 48 MS, 595596 M-tropic viruses, 543 Mucoceles extravasation, 246 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 262264 Mucolipidosis II, 184f Mucormycosis, 7879 Mucosal candidiasis, 259 Mucositis, 217222 assessment of, 217 pathogenesis of, 217218 treatment of, 220222, 224t Mucous cyst, 155f Mucous membrane hemangiomas of, 147 Mucous membrane pemphigoid, 7274, 72f, 73f clinical manifestations of, 73 diagnosis of, 73 oral manifestations of, 73 treatment of, 7374 Mucous patches, 101 Multiaxial Assessment of Pain (MAP) classication, 310 Multidisciplinary pain clinics, 313314 Multilocular ameloblastoma, 161f Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN III) syndrome, 145, 169t, 172 Multiple gated acquisitions scanning for heart failure, 381 Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, 169t, 172 Multiple myeloma, 175, 451452, 485 maxilla in, 452f skull lesions in, 452f Multiple sclerosis (MS), 595596 Mumps, 249250 swelling of, 250f Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) adverse effects, 511 in transplantation, 509
Index
645
Murray-Puretic-Drescher syndrome, 185t Muscle relaxants, 292 Muscle relaxation splint, 291 Muscles associated with mandibular movement and function, 275 of mastication, 275 palpation of, 320 Muscular dystrophy, 600601 Myasthenia gravis, 69, 600 cause of, 480 Mycobacterium leprae, 178 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 258, 350, 526527 Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) adverse effects of, 511 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 in transplantation, 507 Mycoplasma, 351 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 348, 349, 350, 352, 356 Mylohyoid muscle, 277 Mylohyoid ridge, 138 Myocardial perfusion imaging for coronary artery disease, 373 Myoepithelioma, 262 Myofascial pain initial treatment of, 290t of masticatory muscles, 289293 physiotherapy for, 290291 Myositis focal, 144 Myotonic dystrophy, 601 N Nabumetone, 292 for chronic pain, 315 NAEPP, 353 Naproxen, 292 for chronic pain, 315 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 214 radiation treatment of, 211f National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), 353 National Cancer Data Base, 198 National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, 198 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 364 Natural killer cells, 479 Nd:YAG laser for leukoplakia, 202 Neck examination of, 1415, 18 lymph nodes of, 18f Necrotizing sialometaplasia, 213, 247248 Necrotizing stomatitis, 555f with HIV infection, 554 Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 554f Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 348 Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for leukoplakia, 202
Neonates black alveolar lymphangiomas in, 147 Neostigmine (Prostigmin), 600 Nephron, 408409 Nephrotic syndrome, 413, 485 Nephrotoxic drugs, 426427 Nerve sheath tumors, 149 Nerve trunk pain classication of, 318t Nervous intermedius (geniculate) neuralgia, 329 Neumann type of pemphigus vegetans, 71 Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO), 319 Neurilemmomas, 149 Neurobromas, 149 Neurobromatosis facial deformity associated with, 171f Neuromuscular diseases, 592604 Neutropenia oral ulcers in, 440f Neutrophils, 479 Nevirapine (NVP) for HIV infection, 544 Nevocellular nevus, 130131, 131f Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, 169t, 171172 Nevus, 172 Newborns gingival and palatal cysts of, 114115, 115f with herpes simplex virus infections, 52 NHL, 264, 450, 485 Nicardipine adverse effects of, 183 Nickel adverse effects of, 60 NICO, 319 Nicotine stomatitis, 9192, 92f, 195 Nicotinic acid, 371t Nifedipine, 183 adverse effects of, 183 for scleroderma, 493 and transplantation, 512 Nikolsky sign, 69 Nimodipine (Nimorop) adverse effects of, 183 Nimorop adverse effects of, 183 Nisoldipine adverse effects of, 183 Nitrendipine adverse effects of, 183 Nitrobenzene adverse effects of, 400 Nitrogen dioxide adverse effects of, 356 Nitrosonornicotine, 90 NM system, 198t N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 90 Nocardia, 350
646
Nociceptors, 312 Nodular fasciitis, 143144 Nodular leukoplakia, 102, 103f Nodules, 51 Nominal standard dose (NSD), 207 Noncaseating tuberculoid-type granulomas, 179f, 180f Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 264, 450, 485 Non-odontogenic ssural cyst, 155f Nonsteroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic pain, 315 for TMD, 291 Norepinephrine for chronic pain, 316 Nortriptyline for atypical facial pain, 332 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 Nosocomial pneumonia, 350 NRTI for HIV infection, 544 NSAIDs for chronic pain, 315 for TMD, 291 NSD, 207 Nuclear medicine, 4344 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) for HIV infection, 544 Nursing homes pneumonia in, 352 Nutrition, 225 and oral cancer, 203 NVP for HIV infection, 544 Nystatin, 248 for oral candidiasis, 101 O Obesity and coronary artery disease, 372 and diabetes mellitus, 568 and hiatal hernia, 392 Obstructive jaundice, 401 Occipital neuralgia, 330 Occlusal night guard for cheek chewing, 88 Occlusal splints, 294 Occlusion TMJ, 278 Ocular nerves examination of, 20 herpes zoster of, 56f Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, 601 Odontalgia atypical, 317318, 331333 Odontogenic keratocyst, 156f, 157f, 172 Odontogenic myxoma, 163 Odontogenic tumors histopathologic classication of, 158t of mesenchymal origin, 163164
of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin, 164165 Ofces maxillofacial imaging in, 3639 OKT3 adverse effects, 511 in transplantation, 509 Olfactory nerve examination of, 19 OMAS, 217218 Omeprazole for duodenal ulcer, 395 for GERD, 391 Oncocytoma, 261 Opioids for TMD, 291 Optic nerve examination of, 20 Orabase for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6465 Oral agents for diabetes mellitus, 568569, 568t Oral cancer, 90, 194227 in elderly, 612 epidemiology of, 195 etiology of, 195198 imaging of, 203206 molecular changes in, 196 and nutrition, 203 pathogenesis of, 196 precancerous lesions, 199202 erythroplakia, 199201 leukoplakia, 199202 lichen planus, 201 oral hairy leukoplakia, 201202 submucous brosis, 201 syphilis, 201 pretreatment assessment, 216 prognosis of, 198199 risk factors of, 195198 signs and symptoms of, 203 tissue specimen acquisition in, 206 and tissue specimen acquisitions, 206 treatment of, 206213 chemotherapy, 213 combined radiation and surgery, 213 complications of, 217222 radiation therapy, 207213 surgery, 207 and tumor biology, 202203 viruses in, 202 Oral candidiasis classication of, 94t treatment of, 101 Oral cavity examination of, 1415 neurobroma, 149 Oral conditions in elderly prevention and treatment of, 615619
Index
647
Oral hairy leukoplakia, 93f, 201, 551f Oral hypertensive medications, 368t369t Oral leukoplakia malignant transformation in, 104t Oral lichen planus, 107110 clinical course of, 109110 clinical features of, 107108 diagnosis of, 107 differential diagnosis of, 109 drugs associated with, 111t etiology of, 107 histopathologic features, 108 immunouorescent studies of, 108 prognosis of, 109110, 112 treatment of, 110, 112 Oral melanotic macule, 130 Oral mucosa age-related changes in, 609 chemical injuries of, 8889 exogenous pigmentation of, 127t neuromas of, 173f Oral mucosal disease in elderly, 612 prevention and treatment of, 615616 endogenous pigmentation in, 127t Oral mucositis, 516 Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS), 217218 Oral pigmentation clinical classication of, 128t Oral squamous papillomas, 165167, 553554 Oral submucous brosis (OSF), 117118 Oral tuberculosis, 529f Oral vesiculobullous disease in elderly, 612 Organ of Chievitz, 138 Orofacial area innervation of, 308t Orofacial granulomatosis, 178179 Orofacial pain, 307335 chronic. See Chronic orofacial pain classication of, 316319 differential diagnosis of, 318t in elderly, 611612 idiopathic classication of, 319t and imaging protocols, 44 Oropharynx examination of, 17 Orphenadrine, 292 Orthodontic therapy for hemophilia, 472 OSF, 117118 Osseointegrated implants, 207 Ossifying broma, 152 peripheral, 141142, 142 Osteitis deformans, 173174 Osteoarthrosis. See Degenerative joint disease Osteoblastoma, 151f Osteomyelitis
vs. actinomycosis, 176 of left mandible nuclear medicine scan of, 44f sclerosing radiographic appearance of, 164f Osteonecrosis postradiation, 224f, 225f classication of, 226t Otitis media, 344345 Overactive immune response, 480 Oxodipine, 183 adverse effects of, 183 Oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 357 for cluster headache, 334 P PACD, 163, 163f Pacemakers, 384 Paget's disease of bone, 169t, 173174 Pain, 226227 acute vs. chronic, 312 anatomic considerations of, 308309 in cancer patients, 227t characteristics of, 319t chronic. See Chronic pain control of in coagulopathies, 471 denition of, 307312 measurement of, 309312 of psychological origin classication of, 326t spontaneous, 312 Pain behaviors observable, 310t Pain clinic for TMD, 292 Pain diary for TMJ, 285 Pain management, 219, 227t Pain specialist referral of TMD to, 288 Paint adverse effects of, 135 Paired masseter muscle, 275 Palatal cysts of newborn, 114115 Palatal papillary hyperplasia, 141 Palate Cryptococcus infection of, 78f erosive lichen planus of, 75f herpes simplex virus infection of, 77f herpes zoster of, 56f hyperkeratosis of, 102f mucormycosis of, 79f nevocellular nevus of, 131 nodular enlargements of, 138 pemphigus vegetans of, 71f petechiae of, 134
648
smoker's, 9192 Pamidronate for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Pancreatic transplant, 518 Pancytopenia, 437 Panoramic radiography, 36 Pansialadenitis, 255f Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, 261 Papillary thyroid cancer, 588 Papilloma, 138 ductal, 262 inverted, 167f inverted ductal, 262 oral squamous, 165167, 553554 simple duct, 262 Papillomatosis intraoral, 166 Papovavirus particles, 166 Papules, 51 Paraformaldehyde adverse effects of, 88 Parafunctional habits assessment of, 287 Parainuenza virus, 342 Paralysis agitans, 597598 Paramyxovirus, 174, 249 Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNPP), 7071 Paranoia, 326 Parinaud's syndrome, 178 Parkinsonism, 597598 Parkinson's disease, 597598, 606 Parotidectomy, 264265 complications after, 265 Parotid gland, 235 agenesis of, 244 pleomorphic adenoma of ultrasonography of, 43f swelling of, 253f tumor of, 241f Parotitis epidemic, 249250 signs of, 253f Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 433 Partial glossectomy, 225f Parulis, 101, 101f Parvovirus B19 and transplantation, 512 Past dental history, 10 Patched gene, 172 Patient education for myofascial pain of masticatory muscles, 289 Peak expiratory ow rate (PEFR), 353 Pediatric. See Children; Infants; Newborns PEFR, 353 Pemphigus, 6871 Pemphigus vegetans, 71 oral manifestations of, 71 Pemphigus vulgaris, 6869, 69f clinical manifestations of, 69
laboratory tests of, 6970 oral manifestations of, 69 treatment of, 70 Penciclovir for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68 Penicillamine for scleroderma, 493 Penicillin for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 63 adverse effects of, 57 and angioneurotic edema, 499f for pneumonia, 351 Penicillin V for duodenal ulcer, 395 for tonsillopharyngitis, 348 Pentazocine for chronic pain, 316 Pentoxifylline for Behet's syndrome, 66 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65 Peppermint allergy, 74 Peptic ulcer, 393 Percutaneous needle biopsy in renal disease, 410411 Perfusion imaging for heart failure, 381 Periapical cemental dysplasia (PACD), 163, 163f Periapical cementomas, 163 Periapical cysts, 155f, 156 Periapical radiography with charge-coupled device, 37f Periodontal disease in elderly, 614 prevention and treatment of, 617 with HIV infection, 553 wit diabetes mellitus, 571572 Periodontal furcation defect digital subtraction image of, 38f tuned-aperture computed tomography of, 38f Periodontal infection on glycemic control, 572 Periodontal membrane tumors of, 151 Periodontal therapy for hemophilia, 472 Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, 571 Periodontium in elderly, 610612 examination of, 17 Perioral melanosis, 132f Peripheral ossifying broma, 141142, 142 Peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure, 420422 continuous cyclic, 421 Pernicious anemia, 117f, 436437 Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, 322 Pestivirus, 534 Petechiae, 51, 134
Index
649
of palate, 134 Petit mal seizures, 602 PET scanning for heart failure, 381 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 133, 134f, 169t, 171, 405 pH homeostasis of, 409 Phacomatoses, 147 Phagocytes, 479 Phakos, 147 Pharyngitis, 348349 lymphonodular acute, 55 Pharyngoconjunctival fever, 348 Phenacetin adverse effects of, 400 Phenelzine for migraine headache, 335 Phenobarbital adverse effects of, 57, 249 for epileptic seizures, 602 Phenoxybenzamine for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Phenytoin adverse effects of, 57 for epileptic seizures, 602 during pregnancy, 182 for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Phenytoin hyperplasia, 603 Phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia, 181182 Phlebotomy for polycythemia vera, 430 Photochemotherapy for erosive lichen planus, 75 Photostimulable storage phosphor, 37f Phycomycetes, 447 Phycomycosis, 7879 Pigmentation, 126135 blue/purple vascular lesions, 127130 brown heme-associated lesions, 134 brown melanotic lesions, 130133 endogenous in oral mucosal disease, 127t exogenous of oral mucosa, 127t gray-black, 134135 from heavy-metal ingestion, 135 oral clinical classication of, 128t physiologic, 132 Pigmented epulis, 149 Pigmented lichen planus, 133, 133f Pilocarpine, 222, 260 for Sjogren's syndrome, 257258 Pimozide for trigeminal neuralgia, 329 Pindborg tumor, 158, 162, 162f Pink puffer, 356 Pipe smoking, 195
PIT1, 579 Pituitary disease, 578 Plain tomography, 39 Plaques, 51 Plasma cell gingivitis, 60, 60f Plasma brinogen and coronary artery disease, 372 Plasmapheresis for dermatomyositis, 495 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 Plasma renin activity testing for hypertension, 366 Plasma thromboplastin antecedent deciency, 462 Plasmodium, 532 Platelet count, 458459 Platelet disorders, 459 acquired, 461462 classication of, 46ot congenital, 461 management of, 464465 oral health considerations of, 469470 Platelets, 455 Pleomorphic adenoma, 213, 260261 of parotid gland ultrasonography of, 43f Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 404405, 431432 PMNs, 571 Pneumocystis carinii, 350 and transplantation, 512 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 542, 544 Pneumonia, 349351 nosocomial, 350 PNPP, 7071 Podophyllin resin for hairy tongue, 117 Polycyclic hydrocarbons monoxide adverse effects of, 356 Polycystic renal disease, 413 Polycythemia, 429430 apparent, 430 Polycythemia vera, 430 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), 571 POMC, 581 Pontiac Fever characteristics of, 532t Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for heart failure, 381 Posterior disk displacement, 295 Postherpetic neuralgia, 330331 in elderly, 613 Postmenopausal women thyroid hormone replacement for, 589 Postradiation osteonecrosis (PRON), 223, 224f, 225f classication of, 226t Postrenal failure, 411 Post-transplant, 519520 Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases, 512 Post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 Pott's puffy tumor, 346
650
PPD, 484 Prednisone for cluster headache, 334 dose equivalents, 586t for head and neck cancer, 219 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 for ulcerative colitis, 396 Pregnancy, 11 and CMV infections, 250 drug categories for, 11t geographic tongue in, 116f gingivitis in, 142 phenytoin during, 182 Pregnancy epulis, 141142 Pressure algometers, 320 Prick skin testing, 343 Primidone for epileptic seizures, 602 Primordial cyst. See Odontogenic keratocyst Primum non nocere, 26 Proaccelerin deciency, 462 Problem-oriented record, 2930 Procaine, 293 Procardia adverse effects of, 183 Progesterone adverse effects of, 59 Progressive relaxation for pain, 314 Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 491 and renal disease, 413414 Prolactin, 579 Proliferative leukoplakia (PVL), 102, 200 Proliferative myositis, 143144, 144 Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, 104f Promotility drugs for GERD, 391 PRON, 223, 224f, 225f classication of, 226t Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), 581 PROP1, 579 Propafenone for atrial brillation, 383 Prophylactic antibiotics. See Antibiotic prophylaxis Propranolol for migraine headache, 335 Prostaglandins, 461462 for chronic pain, 315 Prosthetic heart valves, 379 anticoagulation therapy for, 379t Prosthodontic therapy for hemophilia, 472 Prostigmin, 600 Protamine sulfate, 376 Proteinuria, 410 Prothrombin time (PT), 458 Proton pump inhibitors for GERD, 391 Protozoal infection, 532533
Provocation tests, 287 Pseudoankylosis, 493 Pseudocyst, 155f Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, 144 Pseudo gout, 298299 Pseudomembranous candidiasis, 549 acute, 9496 Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, 399400 Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, 143144 Psoriasis geographic tongue associated with, 115116 Psoriatic arthritis, 298 PSS, 491 and renal disease, 413414 Psychological factors affecting chronic orofacial pain, 326 PT, 458 Pterygoid muscle, 275 Pterygotemporotympanic region glomus tumor in, 147 Puerto Ricans, 166 Pulmonary embolism, 358359 Pulmonary neoplasm, 358359 Pulse rate assessment of, 14 Puried protein derivative (PPD), 484 Purpura, 51 Pustules, 51 PVL, 102, 200 Pyelonephritis, 413 Pyoderma gangrenosum, 397 Pyogenic granuloma, 141142, 141f Pyostomatitis vegetans, 397 Pyrazinamide for tuberculosis, 529 Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon), 600 Pyridoxine and coronary artery disease, 372 Pyrophosphate adverse effects of, 60 Q Quinoline adverse effects of, 132 Quinolone for Legionnaires' disease, 532 Q-wave myocardial infarction (QWMI), 374 R Radiating pain, 312 Radiation biologic effect of, 207 effect on dentition development, 226f head immobilization for, 208f210f Radiation mucositis, 219 with candidiasis, 218f ulceration of, 218f Radiation shields for mucositis, 221
Index
651
Radiation therapy complications of, 219f effect of, 248249 Radical neck dissection, 207 Radical radiotherapy, 207 Radicular (periapical) cysts, 155f, 156 Radioallergosorbent test (RAST), 343 Radiofrequency ablation for arrhythmia, 382 Radiography intraoral, 36 panoramic, 36 periapical with charge-coupled device, 37f Radiology clinics maxillofacial imaging in, 3944 Radionuclide ventriculography for heart failure, 381 Ramon syndrome, 185t Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 56 Range of motion assessment of, 320321 Ranulas, 246 Rapamycin, 507509 adverse effects, 511 RAST, 343 Ray fungus, 176 Raynaud's phenomenon, 492 Reactive hyperplasias, 138145, 140f, 142f denition of, 138 giant cell, 142143 pseudosacromatous fasciitis, 143144 pyogenic, 141142 Reactive/inammatory white lesions, 8793 actinic keratosis, 8990 cheek chewing, 88 chemical injuries, 8889 nicotine stomatitis, 9192 sanguinaria-induced leukoplakia, 9293 Recombinant deoxyribonuclease for cystic brosis, 357 Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6365, 65f vs. Behet's syndrome, 66 clinical manifestations of, 64 diagnosis of, 64 etiology of, 6364 with HIV, 65f treatment of, 6465 Recurrent herpes labialis, 67, 67f Recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 6768, 68f clinical manifestations of, 67 diagnosis of, 67 treatment of, 67 Red blood cell disorders, 429435 Red blood cells decreased production of, 436437 Referred pain, 312 Reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331332 Rejection
of transplantation, 505t, 510 Relaxation, 219 Relaxation exercises for TMD292, 292 Relaxation therapy for pain, 314 Renal disease, 407427 diagnostic procedures in, 409411 drug therapy for, 425t laboratory changes in, 410t management of, 467468 manifestations of, 414419 oral health considerations of, 423427 Renal failure, 411414 acute, 411412 oral health considerations of, 423 acute intrinsic, 411412 chronic management of, 419427 medications for, 519t Renal osteodystrophy, 416, 417 Renal replacement therapy, 420421 Renal stones, 245 Renal ultrasonography, 410 Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 460 Repaglinide, 569 Repositioning appliances, 291 Research Diagnostic Criteria, 312, 317 Reserpine for reex sympathetic dystrophy, 331 Respiratory syncytial virus, 174, 342, 352 Respiratory tract disease, 341359 Retention mucoceles, 246 Retinal anlage tumor, 149 Retinoids for oral lichen planus, 110 Retrodiscal tissue, 274 Reversal syndromes, 543 Review of systems, 1112, 12t Rheumatic heart disease, 377 Rheumatoid arthritis, 245, 297298, 495498, 496f, 497f hands in, 496f and renal disease, 413414 Rhinovirus, 348, 349 Rhinoviruses, 342 Ribavirin for bronchiolitis, 352353 Rifampin for tuberculosis, 529 Risk factors for coronary artery disease, 370371 modication of and coronary artery disease, 372 Ritonavir (RTV) for HIV infection, 544 Rochalimaea henselae, 178 Rofecoxib for TMD, 291 Rosiglitazone, 569
652
RTV for HIV infection, 544 Rubber dam, 89f Rubbing, 310t Rumpel-Leede phenomenon, 459 Rutherford syndrome, 185t S Saline for mucositis, 220 Saliva articial, 259 collection of, 237238 product of, 235 Salivary amylase, 255 Salivary stula, 265 Salivary ow rate, 237 Salivary glands, 235265 aberrant, 244 with accessory salivary ducts, 244 allergic sialadenitis, 249 anatomy and physiology of, 235236 biopsy of, 242 Darier's disease, 244 developmental abnormalities of, 243244 diseases/dysfunction of clinical examination of, 237 diagnosis of, 236243 in elderly, 614, 617618 medical history of, 236237 symptoms of, 236 diverticuli, 244 in elderly, 610611, 614, 617618 enlarged evaluation of, 242243 examination of, 17, 242243 function stimulation, 222 granulomatous conditions of, 258259 hypofunction of causes of, 245t imaging of, 238242 advantages and disadvantages of, 238t computed tomography, 241242 indications for, 238t magnetic resonance imaging, 241242 plain lm radiography, 238 protocols for, 4445 radionuclide salivary imaging, 240241 sialography, 238239 ultrasonography, 239240 immune conditions of, 256258 inammatory lesions of, 247249 medication-induced dysfunction of, 255256 metabolic conditions with, 254255 minor surgery of, 265 mucoceles, 246 radiation-induced pathology, 248249 serologic evaluation of, 242 sialolithiasis, 244245
systemic conditions with, 254, 254t tumors of, 46, 260265 benign, 260261 malignant, 213214, 262264 prognosis of, 214 staging of, 220t, 243, 244t surgical treatment, 264265 treatment of, 214 viral disease of, 249254 Salivary stones, 244245 Saliva substitutes, 222 Salmeterol for asthma, 354 Sanguinaria canadensis, 92 Sanguinaria-induced leukoplakia, 9293 Saquinavir (SQV) for HIV infection, 544 Sarcoidosis, 175, 258259, 485486 Sarcomas, 215 SBGM, 566 Scalp bullous pemphigoid of, 71f Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study trial, 370 Scanora panoramic x-ray machine, 38 Schaumann's bodies, 176 Schwann cell, 148, 149f SCID, 482 Scleroderma, 491492 clinical manifestations of, 491493, 492f etiology of, 491 laboratory evaluation of, 493 nomenclature of, 491 oral ndings in, 493494 oral health considerations of, 494 treatment of, 493 Sclerosing osteomyelitis radiographic appearance of, 164f Sclerosis for hemangiomas, 146147 SCL-90-R, 312 Scotoma, 335 Scurvy, 460 Sebaceous adenoma, 262 Secondary polycythemia, 430 Seizures epileptic international classication of, 602t treatment of, 602603 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 294 Selenomonas, 61 Self-administered screening questionnaires, 5, 6f8f Self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM), 566 Self-care for myofascial pain of masticatory muscles, 289290, 290t Sensitivity of laboratory dental studies, 22 Septic arthritis, 298 Serotonin
Index
653
for chronic pain, 316 Serum chemistry in renal disease, 409 Serum sickness, 499 Severe combined immunodeciency (SCID), 482 SHEP, 367 Shingles, 330331 Sialadenitis bacterial, 253 bilateral chronic submaxillary, 254f scintigraphy of, 240f Sialadenoma papilliferum, 262 Sialadenosis, 256f Sialocele, 265 Sialography, 4647 Sialolith, 46, 46f Sialolithiasis, 244245 Sialor, 222, 259260 Sialorrhea, 260 Sickle cell anemia horizontal trabeculation, 434f Sickle cell disease, 433435 Sighing, 310t Silver nitrate adverse effects of, 88, 89f Simian deciency virus (SIV), 539 Simple duct papilloma, 262 Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 44 Sinusitis, 345347 Sirolimus (Rapamycin), 507 adverse effects, 511 SIV, 539 Sjogren's syndrome, 46, 222, 242, 256258, 403 bilateral parotid enlargement secondary to, 257f differential diagnosis of, 251 instruction for, 497 lymphoepithelial proliferation, 258f sialogram of, 257f Skin hemangiomas of, 147 Skin testing, 343 positive, 527f prick, 343 Skull glomus tumor in, 147 SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus Small cell carcinoma, 358 Smell in elderly, 611 Smell dysfunction in elderly, 614615 prevention and treatment of, 618 Smoke tobacco toxins in, 355 Smokeless tobacco, 201 Smokeless tobacco-induced keratosis, 9091 Smokers, 202 Smoker's melanosis, 132133, 132f
Smoker's palate, 9192 Smoking cessation of, 64, 391 and coronary artery disease, 371 pipe, 195 Snuff pouch, 91f Social history, 11 Socket sclerosis, 419, 419f Sodium aurothiomalate, 245 Sodium hypochlorite adverse effects of, 88, 89 Sodium lauryl sulfate adverse effects of, 64 Sodium tetradecyl sulfate for varices, 128 Soft medication splint for desquamative gingivitis, 76f Soft palate examination of, 17 ulcer of, 204f Solar keratosis, 8990 Solid organ transplantation outcomes of, 513t Somatoform disorders, 326 Somatosensory system, 312 Sotalol for atrial brillation, 383 Specic gravity in renal disease, 410 Speckled leukoplakia, 102, 103f SPECT, 44 Speech, 225 Speech impairment improvement of communication with, 608t Sphygmomanometer, 14 Spinal trigeminal nucleus, 277 Spirometry for asthma, 353 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356 for cystic brosis, 357 Spironolactone for heart failure, 382 Spit tobacco, 90f Spontaneous pain, 312 Spray and stretch therapy, 293 Squamous cell carcinoma, 76f, 104f, 200f, 204f, 205f, 358, 515 magnetic resonance imaging of, 42f pathogenesis of, 196 and transplantation, 512 wedged-pair treatment plan for, 211f Squamous odontogenic tumor, 162 SQV for HIV infection, 544 SSRIs, 294 St. Jude valve, 379 Stafne's bone cyst, 155f Staphylococcus, 349 Staphylococcus aureus, 254f, 344, 351, 424
654
Staphylococcus epidermidis, 424 Starch, 265 Starr-Edwards ball valve, 379 Static bone cyst, 152 Statins, 371t Status epilepticus, 602 Stavudine (d4T) for HIV infection, 544 Stenson's duct, 235 purulence from, 253f Stereognostic forms, 21 Steroids for oral submucous brosis, 117 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 57, 59f mortality of, 58 Stomach disorders, 393394 Stomatitis fusospirochetal, 62f necrotizing, 555f with HIV infection, 554 nicotine, 9192, 92f, 195 Stomatitis nicotina, 9192 Streptococcus mutans, 217, 223, 610 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 254f, 344, 345, 346, 349, 351 Streptococcus pyogenes, 348 Streptococcus sanguis, 63 Streptococcus viridans, 254f, 352, 357, 424 Streptokinase for pulmonary embolism, 358 Streptomyces hygroscopicus, 507 Streptomyces tsukubaensis, 507 Stress, 64 Stress echocardiography for coronary artery disease, 373 Stroke, 593594 embolic, 383 Strongyloides stercoralis and transplantation, 512 Stuart factor deciency, 462 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 127, 146f, 147, 185t Sublingual glands, 235 Sublingual surgery, 265 Submandibular glands, 235 sialography of, 45f Submandibular surgery, 265 Submaxillary lymphadenopathy, 152 Submucous brosis, 201 Substance P for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 Sucralfate for mucositis, 220221 Sulfasalazine, 397 Sulsoxazole side effects, 249 Sulfonylureas for diabetes mellitus, 568569 Sulfur granules, 177 Sumatriptan for migraine headache, 335
Sun, 195 Superior cerebellar artery atherosclerosis of, 328329 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results National Cancer Institute, 198 Swallowing in elderly, 611 Swallowing disorders in elderly, 615 prevention and treatment of, 618 Sweat test for cystic brosis, 357 Swedish snuff, 90 Symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R), 312 Syncope, 14 Syndromes associated with diffuse gingival enlargement, 185t predisposing to internal malignancy, 169t170t Syndrome X, 565t Syngeneic transplantation, 504 Synovial chondromatosis, 297 Synovial uid, 272 Syphilis, 201 with HIV infection, 554 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 113f, 486490 clinical manifestations of, 487488 dental considerations of, 490 etiology of, 486487 nomenclature for, 486 palatal lesion in, 489f and renal disease, 413414 skin lesions in, 488f Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), 367 T Tacrolimus (FK-506) adverse effects, 511 in transplantation, 507 TACT, 3738 Tamoxifen for erythema multiforme, 59 Tangier disease, 175 Tantum for mucositis, 220 Taste in elderly, 611 Taste dysfunction in elderly, 614615 prevention and treatment of, 618 Tattoo graphite, 134 3TC for HIV infection, 544 TCAs. See Tricyclic antidepressants T-cell co-stimulatory pathway modiers in transplantation, 509 T-cell system, 479 Tc 99m iodine, 4344 Tc 99m pertechnetate, 240
Index
655
Tc 99m sestamibi for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 381 TDF, 207 Tea avoidance of, 135 Technetium (Tc) 99m iodine, 4344 Technetium (Tc) 99m pertechnetate, 240 Technetium (Tc) 99m sestamibi for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 381 Teeth examination of, 17 Telangiectases in scleroderma, 492f Temovate for lupus erythematosus, 112113 for oral lichen planus, 110 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Temperature, 13 Temporal arteritis, 334 Temporalis muscle, 275 Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), 271300, 272 assessment of, 283288 classication of, 281282, 281t clinical characteristics of, 288289 clinical criteria for, 282t, 284t contributing factors associated with, 285t denition of, 284t diagnostic imaging of, 287 diagnostic terms for, 282t ear symptoms associated with, 278279 epidemiology of, 279281 etiology of, 279 history of, 285 palpation examination for, 279 physical examination of, 285 requiring dental procedures, 293t Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), 272 anatomy of, 272279 arthritis of, 296299 arthrography of, 44, 44f articular covering of, 278 articulation classication of, 272 autopsy specimen of, 274f bone window computed tomography scan, 41f chronic prediction of, 288 clinical examination of, 280f diagnostic local anesthetic nerve blocks, 287288 disk displacements, 278 examination of, 18 injection sites for, 279 intracapsular disorders of, 294295 linear tomogram of, 40f magnetic resonance image of, 42f occlusion, 278
palpation of, 287 panoramic radiograph of, 36f tomogram of, 286f Temporomandibular ligament, 274275 Temporomandibular structures nerve supply to, 277 vascular supply to, 277 TEN, 57 TENS, 219, 290 mortality of, 58 Teratomas, 152153 Tetracycline for HIV-salivary gland disease, 252 for pemphigus vulgaris, 70 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65 Tetracycline stains, 419f Thalassemias, 435436 Thalidomide for erythema multiforme, 59 for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 65 Thallium 201 for coronary artery disease, 373 for heart failure, 381 Theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 356 Thick leukoplakia, 102 Thrombin time (TT), 458 Thrombocytopenia, 460, 461 ecchymosis of, 446f hematoma with, 447f in SLE, 487 Thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), 461 Thromboxanes, 461462 Thrush, 9496, 95f, 549 Thymoma, 69, 71 Thyroglobulin, 588 Thyroid cancer papillary, 588 Thyroid disease, 587590 clinical and laboratory ndings, 588 dental manifestations of, 590 differential diagnosis of, 588589 management of, 589 pathophysiology of, 587588 prognosis of, 589590 Thyroid hormone replacement for postmenopausal women, 589 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 579, 587 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 579, 581f TIA, 594595 Tic douloureux, 328329 Tilting-disk valve, 379 Time-activity curve, 241 Time-dose fraction (TDF), 207 Tiroban for unstable coronary syndromes, 374 Tissue necrosis, 223225 Tissue specimen acquisition of, 206
656
Tissue-type plasminogen activator for pulmonary embolism, 358 Tissue typing for transplantation, 506507 T-lymphocytes, 479480 TMD. See Temporomandibular disorders TMJ. See Temporomandibular joint TMJ Scale, 322 TNM system, 198199 Tobacco, 195 smokeless, 9091, 201 spit, 90f Tobacco pouch, 91f Tobacco smoke toxins in, 355 Tobacco use associated with leukoplakia, 200 Toluene adverse effects of, 400 Toluidine blue stains, 104, 107 Tolypocladium inatum, 507 Tongue actinomycosis of, 176, 177f asymptomatic neurobroma, 149f bilateral hemangiomas of, 145f brushing of, 135 examination of, 17 granular cell tumor of, 144, 148 hemangiomas of, 127, 146 herpangina of, 55f leukoerythroplakia of, 204f mucositis of, 218f pemphigus of, 70f recurrent aphthous stomatitis of, 64f varices of, 128 Tongue and mandibular positioning device, 208f Tongue blade sign, 237 Tongue deector, 212f Tonic-clonic seizures, 602 Tonsillitis, 347349 Tonsils, 138 examination of, 17 Toothache chronic orofacial pain confused with, 324 periapical radiography of, 46f Tooth clenching, 279 Tooth grinding, 279 Topiramate for epileptic seizures, 602 Tori, 138 Torus mandibularis, 139f Torus palatinus, 139f Total joint replacement antibiotic prophylaxis in, 497t Tourniquet test for capillary fragility, 459 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 57 Toxic nephropathy, 414 Toxoplasma gondii
and transplantation, 512 Tranexamic acid after oral surgical procedures, 471 for anemia, 438 for chronic renal failure, 423 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 219, 290 mortality of, 58 Transfusions history of, 10 Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 594595 Transplantation, 503520 classication of, 504 clinical indications for, 505, 506t complications of, 510513 isogeneic, 504 medical management of, 506510 oral considerations, 514520 oral health considerations, 517520, 518t oral lesions in, 514517 prognosis of, 513514 types of, 504t waiting lists for, 504t Transplantation immunology, 505506 Transplantation recipient pretreatment with donor blood, 510 Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 377379 for heart failure, 381 Trauma associated with leukoplakia, 200 developmental defects and, 299300 Traumatic bone cyst, 152 Traumatic bromas, 139141 Traumatic keratosis, 87, 87f Traumatic neuroma, 149 Treatment American Society of Anesthesiologists physical scoring system for, 26t Treatment plan formulation of, 25 Treponema, 61 TRH, 579, 581f Trichosporon and transplantation, 512 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) for burning mouth syndrome, 333 for chronic pain, 316 for migraine headache, 335 for postherpetic neuralgia, 330 for post-traumatic neuropathic pain, 331 Trigeminal nerve, 308 examination of, 20 nociceptive transmission associated with, 309f Trigeminal neuralgia, 328329, 596 Trigger point injections intramuscular, 293 Trigger point injection therapy, 293 Trimethoprim plus sulsoxazole for otitis media, 345
Index
657
Trimethoprim-sulfonamide penicillin adverse effects of, 57 Troglitazone, 569 Trypanosoma, 532 TSGs, 196198 TSH, 579, 587 TT, 458 TTE, 377379 for heart failure, 381 TTP, 461 Tuberculosis, 175, 526530 chemotherapy for, 529t chest radiograph of, 527f diagnosis of, 529 in dialysis, 424 etiology and pathogenesis of, 526527 with HIV infection, 554 oral, 529f oral manifestations, 529 reported cases of, 526t risk factors, 529530 salivary involvement, 258 treatment of, 529 vaccines for, 530 Tuberous sclerosis, 169t, 173, 185t Tumor-, node-, metastasis (TNM) system, 198199, 198t Tumor biology, 202203 Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), 196198 Tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT), 3738 Tympanostomy tubes, 345 Type 1 diabetes, 564566 radiograph, 572f573f Type 2 diabetes, 565 disorders associated with, 565t U Ulcerative colitis, 395397 Ulceronecrotic gingivostomatitis, 180f Ulcers, 51 recurring oral, 6368 Behet's syndrome, 6567 herpes simplex virus infection, 67 recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 6365 single, 7679 blastomycosis, 78 histoplasmosis, 7778 mucormycosis, 7879 Ultralente insulin, 569 Ultrasonography, 43 Ultraviolet A for oral lichen planus, 112 Underlying medical conditions evaluating and monitoring of, 28 Unilateral radiation effect of, 226f Unstable angina, 373 Unstable coronary syndromes therapy of, 374375 Upper airway infections, 341349
Upper digestive tract diseases, 390393 Uremic frost, 417 Uremic lung, 417 Uremic syndrome, 414419, 415t biochemical disturbances, 414 calcium and skeletal disorders, 416 cardiovascular manifestations, 416 gastrointestinal symptoms of, 414 hematologic problems, 415416 immunologic changes in, 417 neurologic symptoms of, 414415 oral manifestations of, 417418 respiratory symptoms of, 417 trabecular changes in, 418f Urinalysis in renal disease, 409410 Urokinase for pulmonary embolism, 358 Urticaria, 498f Uveoparotid fever, 178, 258 V Vagus nerve, 308 examination of, 21 Valacyclovir for erythema multiforme, 59 for herpes zoster, 57 for recurrent herpes simplex virus infection, 68 Valproic acid for epileptic seizures, 602 Valsalva's maneuver, 382 Valvular heart disease, 377379 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 379 Vancomycin for chronic renal failure, 424 Varicella zoster virus (VSV), 51, 5557 clinical manifestations of, 5556 in elderly, 613 with HIV infection, 552 Varix, 128 of upper lip, 128f VAS, 310 Vascular pain, 334 Veillonella, 346 Velocardiofacial syndrome, 482 Ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scanning in pulmonary embolism, 358359 Ventricular evoked response amplitude (VERA), 511 Ventricular brillation, 383384 Ventricular tachycardia, 383384 VERA, 511 Verapamil, 183 for arrhythmia, 382 for migraine headache, 335 Verruca vulgaris, 166f Verrucous carcinoma, 104f Verrucous leukoplakia, 102 Verrucous ulcer, 78 Vesicles, 51
658
Vessel wall disorders, 459462 Viadent, 92 Vinblastine, 552 for Kaposi's sarcoma, 129, 216f Viral infections, 534556 with HIV infection, 550551 Viral upper respiratory infection, 342 Viral warts, 166f Viruses in oral cancer, 202 Virus-induced tumors benign, 165167 Vision impairment improvement of communication with, 608t Visual analog scale (VAS), 310 Vital signs, 13 Vitamin A, 203 for oral submucous brosis, 117 Vitamin B12, 64 and coronary artery disease, 372 deciency of, 436437 atrophic glossitis in, 436f for pernicious anemia, 437 Vitamin K deciency, 463 Vitamins and coronary artery disease, 372 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 147, 196198 Von Recklinghausen's neurobromatosis, 149, 168, 169t Von Willebrand's disease (vWD), 454, 462, 470f management of, 467 and oral surgical procedures, 470472 V-Q scanning in pulmonary embolism, 358359 VSV, 51, 5557 clinical manifestations of, 5556 in elderly, 613 with HIV infection, 552 vWD, 454, 462, 470f management of, 467 and oral surgical procedures, 470472 W Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, 71 Warfarin (Coumadin), 376 for atrial brillation, 383 for heart failure, 382 for prosthetic heart valves, 379 Weight loss and hiatal hernia, 392 West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI), 310 Wharton's duct, 235
blockage of, 247f calcied deposit in, 239f sialolithiasis in, 239f White blood cell count with differential, 438t White blood cell disorders, 438443 White-coat hypertension, 366 White line, 87 White sponge nevus, 86 WHO analgesic ladder, 219 Whole saliva, 237 WHYMPI, 310 Wickham's striae, 107 Wine, 195 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 493 Withdrawal exion reex, 312 Witkop's disease, 8687 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 383 World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder, 219 X Xanthomas, 174175 Xanthomatosis, 170t Xenografts, 504 Xerostomia, 222, 236, 417, 518f, 556, 595 medication-induced, 253 treatment of, 259260 Xerostomia-associated caries, 223f X-linked agammaglobulinemia, 481 Y Yoga, 314 Yogurt for oral candidiasis, 101 Z Zarlukast for asthma, 354 Zalcitabine (ddC) for HIV infection, 544 Zidovudine (ZDV) for HIV infection, 544 for oral hairy leukoplakia, 94 Zilactin for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 64 Zimmerman-Laband syndrome, 185t Zinc citrate adverse effects of, 60 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 172, 394 Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, 322
Index
659

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Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

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Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

Burkets Oral Medicine

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