Production Rate

ROAD WORKS
Posted @ 9/27/2009 6:55:34 AM by pavithra@eim.ae | COMMENTS (0)
Excavate and Remove

Task / Description Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Boulder Clay Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Boulder Clay Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 2,000m3 Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 1,500m3 Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 1,000m3 Spoil conveyor, 600mm belt, 150m/min Posted @ 6/22/2006 1:51:51 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0) Slow 14.5 15.2 12.3 11.2 25.4 25.6 22.5 18.9 Ave 20.0 20.4 18.5 16.9 30.3 31.3 27.8 24.4 8.0 6.5 5.5 260.0 Fast 25.6 25.6 23.2 21.3 35.7 37.0 33.3 30.3 Units m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr hrs hrs hrs m3/hr
Concrete Road surfacing

Task / Description Slow Ave Fast Units
Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete
Road Road Road Road
surfacing, surfacing, surfacing, surfacing,
Kerbs or Side Haunches 150mm thick 200mm thick 300mm thick
0.4 12.5 7.7 6.7
m3/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Posted @ 6/23/2006 12:56:08 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)
Basecourse Production Rates We have found these production rates a good rule of thumb for the construction of Basecourse Urban environment:
Spread & Compact Production = 30m3/hr Trimming Production = 250m2/hr Rural environment: Spread & Compact Production = 50m3/hr Trimming Production = 350m2/hr
Posted @ 5/25/2006 3:44:58 PM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)
Working Platforms
Metal KwikStage, 5 Boards with 2m lifts Metal KwikStage, 5 Boards with 3m lifts Metal KwikStage, House Scaffold with 3 lifts Metal Tube and Fittings, 5-6 Boards wide Tube and Fitting Platforms, 50-250m3 Tube and Fitting Platforms, 250-1000m3 Tube and Fitting Platforms, over 1000m3 Tube and Fitting Platforms, striking
11.1 9.1 2.8 3.2 10.6 18.5 24.5 -
11.9 10.0 3.2 3.7 12.5 22.5 30.0 200.0
12.5 10.5 3.8 4.6 18.5 24.5 33.5 -
m run/hr m run/hr m run/hr m run/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr %x erect
Waterproofing
Asphalt coatings, horizontal surfaces Asphalt coatings, vertical surfaces Bituminous Brushed application, 2 coats
3.5 1.2 4.8
4.2 1.7 5.0
5.8 m2/hr 2.2 m2/hr 6.3 m2/hr
Bituminous Brushed application, 3 coats Bituminous Sheets, horizontal surfaces Bituminous Sheets, vertical surfaces Polythene Sheets, horizontal surfaces Bentonite Sheets, horizontal surfaces Bentonite Sheets, vertical surfaces Epoxy Based application, 1 coat Epoxy Based application, 2 coat
3.3 3.8 3.3 18.7 11.2 -
3.5 4.0 3.5 20.0 25.0 15.0 75.0 38.0
4.4 4.8 4.2 31.3 17.3 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Wallpapering
Strip Existing Wallpaper (3 layers) & Prepare Walls Fix Wallpaper and lining paper Fix Vinyl and Washable paper Fix Ceiling Lining Paper
5.0 5.0 4.2 4.0
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Wall Finishes
Mosaic Tiling, 0.045x0.045m Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, setout and level Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, fix, grout and clean Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Ledges/Upstands Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Extra Over for Cutting Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Ledges/Upstands Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room
20.4 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.7
1.1 55.5 1.5 27.1 1.0 1.6 1.7 41.6 62.5 1.3 1.8 1.9
1.5 32.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.5 2.1 2.2
no/hr m/hr m2/hr no/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr no/hr no/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Extra Over for Cutting Ceramic Tiles, Grouting Works
2.2
125.0 2.5
- no/hr 2.6 m2/hr
Underpinning
Concrete Pinning, 4th or 5th pin cycles Brickwork Pinning, 1.0 brick thick Brickwork Pinning, 1.5 brick thick Brickwork Pinning, 2.0 brick thick Wedge and Pin Method, 102mm wall Wedge and Pin Method, 215mm wall Wedge and Pin Method, 317mm wall
0.1 -
1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5
2.2 0.7 -
m/day m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Trench Excavation
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Hard Ground Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Hard Ground Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Hard Ground Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, < 2.0m wide Excavate and Board Trench, 1.5-3.0m deep, < 2.0m wide Excavate and Board Trench, 3.0-4.5m deep, < 2.0m wide
5.6 4.8 4.8 9.7 20.5 18.2 18.2 17.0 26.0 26.3 26.3 22.7 3.3 3.0 2.7
7.1 6.1 6.1 5.4 25.0 22.2 22.2 20.0 28.6 28.6 28.6 25.0 4.5 4.2 4.0
8.2 7.3 7.1 6.4 29.2 26.0 26.0 23.4 33.1 33.2 33.2 28.8 6.8 6.5 6.0
m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, > 2.0m wide Excavate and Board Trench, 1.5-3.0m deep, > 2.0m wide Excavate and Board Trench, 3.0-4.5m deep, > 2.0m wide
6.6 6.2 5.8
7.1 6.7 6.2
8.8 m2/hr 9.2 m2/hr 10.5 m2/hr
Trackwork
FST Floating Track Slab, side restraints FST Floating Track Slab, resin pads FST Floating Track Slab, slab units PCBT - Pre-cast Concrete Block Track, in Bored Tunnels PCBT - Pre-cast Concrete Block Track, in Cut and Cover Tunnels PCBT - Pre-cast Concrete Block Track, in Station Tunnels IST - Isolated Slab Track, in Bored Tunnels IST - Isolated Slab Track, in Cut and Cover Tunnels IST - Isolated Slab Track, in Station FST - Floating Slab Track, in Station Ballasted Track, in Mainline Ballasted Track, in Depot Non-Ballasted Track, in Depot Embedded / Paved Track, in Depot Heavy Maintenance / Train Wash Track, in Depot Maintenance Pit, in Depot Siding Trackwork, in Depot
9.6 10.2 10.6 17.1 3.6 57.0 8.5 -
41.0 35.0 35.0 20.0 34.0 29.0 4.6 71.0 28.0 12.8 71.0 29.0 52.0 38.0
5.7 115.0 17.4 -
m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day
Tower Cranes
Erect and Setup 50m gib Dismantle 50m gib Lifting, Reinforcement Bins and Cages, 1st 15m lift Lifting, Reinforcement Bins and Cages, above 1st 15m lift Lifting, Crane Tracking Time
11.0 10.0 3.2 0.5 3.3
7.5 -
days days mins/lift mins/15m seconds/m
Timber Frames
Roof Trusses Wall Plates Roof Rafters Ceiling Joists Roof Carcass, Common Rafters, under 3m Roof Carcass, Common Rafters, 3-6mm Roof Carcass, Common Rafters, over 6m Roof Carcass, Jack Rafters, under 3m Roof Carcass, Jack Rafters, 3-6mm Roof Carcass, Purlins, under 3m Roof Carcass, Purlins, 3-6mm Roof Carcass, Purlins, over 6m Roof Carcass, Binders, under 3m Roof Carcass, Binders, 3-6mm Roof Carcass, Binders, over 6m Roof Carcass, Hangers, under 3m Roof Carcass, Collars under 3m Roof Carcass, Collars 3-m Roof Carcass, Ridge Boards under 3m Roof Carcass, Cut Rafter Feet to line Roof Soffits, Softwood, nailed Roof Soffits, Softwood, screwed Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm nailed Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm screwed Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm nailed Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm screwed Roof Facia Panels, Softwood Roof Facia Panels, Asbestos Roof Facia Panel Studding, nailed
18.2 13.3 14.1 18.8 10.4 5.1 4.3 3.5 5.7 2.1 1.3 8.2 7.6 6.5 12.0 142.0 5.1 1.3 7.3
1.3 2.7 1.2 32.1 20.0 16.6 15.6 20.1 16.1 5.4 4.8 4.3 6.6 2.3 1.5 9.0 8.0 7.4 13.1 166.0 9.2 3.9 9.1 3.8 3.5 1.3 7.2 2.5 8.1
21.7 18.2 16.1 21.7 16.6 5.8 5.1 4.6 7.6 2.5 1.6 9.6 9.1 8.3 15.3 175.0 9.3 3.9 9.0
no/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Roof Roof Roof Roof Roof
Facia Panel Studding, screwed Facia Panel Studding, bolted to beams Works, Fix Herringbone Strutting Works, Fix Firing Strips Works, Fix Drip/Tilt Filleting
4.6 5.4 -
5.2 5.9 5.1 25.0 20.5
5.8 6.6 -
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Structural Steelwork
Simple Universal Beam Steel Bridge, erect support steel H frames Simple Universal Beam Steel Bridge, erect 15m truss
1.2 3.3
days/no m/day
Stonework
Fix 0.5m2 Stones to Metal Support Frame Fix 0.5-0.75m2 Stones to Metal Support Frame Fix 0.75-1.0m2 Stones to Metal Support Frame Fix Complex Stonework to Metal Support Frame Fix Curved Stone Cladding Fix Stone Edge Beams/Window Reveals Fix Stone Soffits Stone Floors Granite Wall Panels, First Fix Granite Wall Panels, Second Fix
5.6 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 -
7.0 9.0 8.7 1.8 8.0 2.3 4.0 10.4 1.3 1.1
7.8 10.1 9.7 9.2 3.2 12.2 -
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/hr m2/hr
Steel Strutting
Horizontal heavy duty strutting Diagonal heavy duty strutting
2.0 6.0
days/no days/no
Steel Frames
Steel Frame and Roof Members Wall Frame, Bow String Truss and Frame Roof Frame, Curved Truss and Frame Wall Frame, Glazed Frame and Atrium
3.4 -
1.6 5.2 0.3
4.6 -
Tons/day Tons/day Tons/day Tons/day
Spread and Level

Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler
Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel,
0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 0.8m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 0.6m3 0.6m3 0.6m3 0.6m3 0.6m3
bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket,
Sand/Soil, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Sand/Soil, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Gravel, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Gravel, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Clay/Chalk, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Clay/Chalk, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Boulder Clay, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Boulder Clay, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Sand/Soil, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Sand/Soil, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Gravel, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Gravel, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Clay/Chalk, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Clay/Chalk, pushed 50-120m to stockpile Boulder Clay, pushed 5-50m to stockpile Boulder Clay, pushed 50-120m to stockpile 50-200m2, Sand/Soil over 200m2, Sand/Soil 50-200m2, Gravel over 200m2, Gravel 50-200m2, Hardcore
13.9 7.6 14.2 7.6 12.7 6.9 11.6 6.3 23.8 16.7 25.0 17.2 21.7 15.1 19.6 13.7 18.6 24.4 18.9 24.2 15.8
20.4 9.5 20.4 10.2 18.4 8.9 16.9 8.2 28.5 18.5 32.0 19.3 27.5 16.9 24.5 15.9 28.5 37.2 28.6 37.2 23.5
25.0 12.6 25.6 12.8 23.2 11.6 21.3 10.4 35.7 20.4 37.0 21.2 33.3 18.8 30.3 17.5 38.5 50.0 38.4 50.0 31.2
m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler Crawler
Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel, Shovel,
0.6m3 0.6m3 0.6m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3 1.2m3
bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket,
over 200m2, Hardcore 50-200m2, Boulder Clay over 200m2, Boulder Clay 50-200m2, Sand/Soil over 200m2, Sand/Soil 50-200m2, Gravel over 200m2, Gravel 50-200m2, Hardcore over 200m2, Hardcore 50-200m2, Boulder Clay over 200m2, Boulder Clay
19.2 17.2 22.2 43.5 55.5 43.8 55.5 37.1 47.6 43.8 55.6
29.6 26.4 33.8 48.0 61.1 48.3 61.1 40.3 51.6 45.7 59.1
40.0 35.7 45.4 52.6 66.7 52.9 66.7 43.5 55.6 47.6 62.5
m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Soil Mix Walls

Three Auger Drill, cement and cure

3.8
4.5
6.4 m/day
Small or Deep Excavation

Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic
Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator,
0.3m3 0.3m3 0.3m3 0.3m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.5m3 0.5m3 0.5m3 0.5m3
bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket,
Sand/Soil Gravel Beds Clay/Chalk Hard Ground Sand/Soil Gravel Beds Clay/Chalk Hard Ground Sand/Soil Gravel Beds Clay/Chalk Hard Ground
6.7 3.2 3.3 3.3 8.2 7.1 6.5 6.3 12.2 10.2 9.7 6.1
8.4 4.5 4.1 4.1 10.0 8.7 8.3 7.7 13.3 11.1 10.5 6.7
9.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 11.7 10.2 9.4 9.1 15.4 12.9 12.1 7.7
m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Slurry Mix Walls

Crane grab, cement/bentonite and sheet piles

1.8
2.5
3.4 m/day
Slates and Tiling

Slate Roofs, Welsh Slate 3-5mm Slate Roofs, Cumbrian Slate 8-11mm Slate Roofs, Asbestos Slates Tiled Roofs, Concrete Tiles Tiled Roofs, Clay Pan Tiles
18.0 8.5 36.0 52.0 26.0
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day
Site Investigation
Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre
Drilling, Drilling, Drilling, Drilling, Drilling,
Rercussive or Rotary, soft deposits Wash Boring, grade V/IV rock Triple Tube Sampling, grade V/IV rock Rotary, grade III/II rock Triple Tube Sampling, grade III/II rock
8.0 2.5 0.4 0.2 0.1
10.0 3.2 0.8 0.5 0.4
14.0 3.9 0.9 0.7 0.7
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Site Clearance
Shrubs and Bushes, dig up and removal Turf, lifting and removal Trees, small sizes and shrubs Trees and Shrubs, 500mm - 900mm girth Trees and Shrubs, 900mm - 1200mm girth
25.0 2.9 14.0 18.0 22.0
38.0 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr hrs/no hrs/no
Trees and Shrubs, 1200mm - 1500mm girth Hedges and Roots, 0.5-1.0m high Hedges and Roots, 1.0-1.5m high Hedges and Roots, 1.5-2.0m high
26.0 0.9 0.8 0.6
hrs/no m/hr m/hr m/hr
Sheeted Roofs
PVC Sheeted Roofs, large areas PVC Sheeted Roofs, small areas Plastic Profiled Sheet Systems
50.0 40.0 54.0
m2/day m2/day m2/day
Sheet Piling
Vibro/Drop Hammer, 10m deep Sand Vibro/Drop Hammer, 35m deep Sand
3.5
55.0 32.0
60.0 m/day 10.5 m/day
Secant Piling
Construct 30m dia cofferdam, 255 piles/concrete base

12.0
wks
Screeding
Sand/Cement Sand/Cement Sand/Cement Sand/Cement Sand/Cement Sand/Cement
Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor
Screed, Screed, Screed, Screed, Screed, Screed,
15-20mm thick 20-30mm thick 30-40mm thick 40-50mm thick 50-65mm thick 65-100mm thick
3.2 2.0 -
4.8 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.0
5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 3.9 3.6
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Fix/Setout Screed Battens

10.0
m/hr
Rule of Thumb
Site Investigation Pre Drilling Ground Excavation, Hydraulic Backhoe Bored Piling, 25-70m deep Formwork Fixing Reinforcement Fixing Concrete Placement Scaffold Erection, Steel Falsework Blockwork Laying Plastering and Rendering Blockwork Laying Stonework Cladding Window Glazing Granolithic Flooring Floor Screeding Floor Screeding Ceramic Wall Tiling
5.0 4.0 50.0 10.0 8.0 12.0 0.7 16.0 - 140.0 7.0 12.0 7.0 12.0 5.1 1.5 4.5 4.5 60.0 1.5
3.0 6.0 17.5 -
days/no m3/day days/no m2/day Tonnes/day m3/day m3/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/day m2/hr
Rock Tunnels
Excavation, Excavation, Excavation, Excavation,
non non non non
explosive explosive explosive explosive
chemical chemical chemical chemical
method, method, method, method,
cycle time Class I Granite Class II Granite Class III Granite
8.0 0.3 2.0 1.2
6.0 0.9 2.6 1.4
5.5 1.2 2.9 1.8
mins m3/cycle m3/cycle m3/cycle
Restoration Works
Task / Description
Slow
Ave
Fast
Units
Faade Cleaning, Water Jetting Faade Cleaning, Acid Etching Faade Cleaning, Grit Blasting Cladding Restoration, Brickwork Cladding Restoration, Stonework courses
25.0 9.0 12.0 6.5 20.0
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m/day
Rendering
Large Wall Areas, applied in 2 coats Small Wall Areas, applied in 2 coats Narrow Widths, applied in 2 coats Columns and Beams, applied in 2 coats Staircase and Soffits, applied in 2 coats
2.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4
2.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Removable Anchors
Drill 30m shaft Install strands/setup anchor Grout in strands

7.0 6.0 2.0
hrs hrs hrs
Reinforcement Ratios
Pile Cap, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes Base Slab, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes Suspended Slab, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes
14.8 13.2 20.6
% ratio % 14.1 ratio % 25.6 ratio -
Platform Slab, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes Columns, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes Walls, Concrete m3 x Ratio = Rebar Tonnes
15.8 14.7
15.6 18.7 15.0
% ratio % 28.7 ratio % ratio -
Reinforcement
Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 6mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 8mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 10mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 12mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 16mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 20mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 25mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 32mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 40mm Slabs/Foundations, steelfixing, 50mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 6mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 8mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 10mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 12mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 16mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 20mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 25mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 32mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 40mm Beams/Columns, steelfixing, 50mm Walls, steelfixing, 6mm Walls, steelfixing, 8mm Walls, steelfixing, 10mm
40.3 28.2 22.5 16.9 12.0 9.2 6.9 5.7 5.3 5.2 55.4 38.8 29.5 23.4 16.6 12.4 9.9 6.8 6.1 6.1 41.2 29.2 22.7
38.4 26.9 20.6 16.3 11.5 8.6 6.7 5.5 5.1 4.9 52.8 37.0 28.4 22.4 15.8 11.9 9.2 6.6 5.9 5.9 40.8 28.6 22.0
36.5 25.8 20.1 15.4 10.9 8.2 6.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 50.6 35.1 26.9 21.9 15.1 11.3 8.7 6.2 5.6 5.6 39.1 27.4 21.2
hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne
Walls, steelfixing, 12mm Walls, steelfixing, 16mm Walls, steelfixing, 20mm Walls, steelfixing, 25mm Walls, steelfixing, 32mm Walls, steelfixing, 40mm Walls, steelfixing, 50mm Staircases, steelfixing, 6mm Staircases, steelfixing, 8mm Staircases, steelfixing, 10mm Staircases, steelfixing, 12mm Staircases, steelfixing, 16mm Staircases, steelfixing, 20mm Staircases, steelfixing, 25mm
17.6 12.4 9.4 7.4 7.0 6.4 5.3 48.9 34.4 26.6 20.9 14.6 11.3 8.6
17.3 12.2 9.2 7.2 6.8 6.1 5.1 48.0 33.6 25.8 20.4 14.4 10.8 8.4
16.9 11.8 8.7 7.0 6.4 5.9 4.8 45.5 31.9 24.3 19.5 13.8 10.5 8.2
hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne hrs/tonne
Rainwater Works
UPVC Downpipes, 75mm UPVC Guttering, 75mm UPVC RWP Fittings, 75mm Cast Iron Downpipes, 75mm Cast Iron Guttering, 75mm Cast Iron RWP Fittings, 75mm Aluminium Downpipes, 72mm Aluminium Guttering, 72mm Aluminium RWP Fittings, 72mm
3.3 3.1 3.1 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.9 1.9
m/hr m/hr no/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr
Power Supply
AC Install 2 no Service transformers, 6 men AC Install 2 no Switchgear, 7 men
12.0 12.0
days days
AC Install Associated Trays and ladders, 3 men AC Cable Terminations in Tx and SWG Rooms, 3 men DC Install Insulated Flooring in DC Room, 1 men DC Install 1 set Rectifier Transformer and Rectifier, 7 men DC Install Switchgear, 7 men DC Primary Cable Terminations and Busduct, 18 men DC Secondary Cable Terminations and Connections, 9 men Trackside Cabling 33kV/Pilot Cables, 10 men Trackside Cabling Terminations, 6 men
11.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 2,100.0 -
5.0 6.0 5.0 1.0 10.0 9.0 6.0 1.0
days days days days days days days m run/day - days
Post Tensioning
Lag for Initial Stress Tensioning after 1st bay cast Lag for Final Stress Tensioning after Initial Stress
48.0 120.0
hrs hrs
Plastering
Browning (undercoat), Internal Walls under 2.5m high Browning (undercoat), Internal Walls over 2.5m high Browning (undercoat), Reveals and Columns less than 100mm wide Browning (undercoat), Reveals and Columns 100-200mm wide Browning (undercoat), Reveals and Columns 200-300mm wide Covings Skimming (topcoat), Internal Walls under 2.5m high Skimming (topcoat), Internal Walls over 2.5m high Skimming (topcoat), Reveals and Columns less than 100mm wide Skimming (topcoat), Reveals and Columns 100-200mm wide Skimming (topcoat), Reveals and Columns 200-300mm wide Plaster Board to Ceilings Plastering Ceilings, 1 Bonding, 1 Skimming
2.2 2.1 9.9 5.2 3.3 6.1 5.5 12.6 7.7 4.5 3.2 1.1
2.8 2.6 10.0 5.4 3.6 5.0 6.7 6.1 13.8 8.3 5.0 4.5 1.7
3.1 2.8 10.1 6.4 3.9 7.3 6.7 15.4 9.8 5.5 5.5 2.4
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Plastering Ceilings, Topcoat Skimming

2.7
3.2
5.4 m2/hr
Plasterboard
Boarding to Plaster dabs Boarding to Stud-work/Metal Lathes Boarding 12mm nailed to studding Boarding 19mm nailed to studding Tape, Jointing and Sanding
3.6 4.0 -
4.0 5.0 12.5 16.5 0.1
5.5 6.7 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr hrs/m
Partitioning
Timber Studding Metalwork System (MF) Studding Tape, Joint Sand and Top Coat Plasterboard Skimming to Plasterboards 5mm Hardboard Paneling, excluding studding time 100mm Pine Paneling, excluding studding time Quality Hardwood Paneling, excluding studding time Fix 50mm Rocksil Insulation to cavities Fix Timber Studding and Paramount Partitions Fix Timber Studding and Demountable Partitions Fix Timber Studding and Hills Duraboard Partitions Fix Timber Studding and Gyproc Laminated Partitions Stud Partitions, Butt Jointed, nailed Stud Partitions, Butt Jointed, screwed Stud Partitions, T&G Jointed, nailed Stud Partitions, T&G Jointed, screwed Stud Partitions, Fix Sole Plates Stud Partitions, Fix Noggins Stud Partitions, Drill 25-40mm Holes
5.9 1.6 1.1 5.5 0.8 0.3 2.6 0.8 3.0 2.2 5.9 3.5 2.9 2.1 -
6.2 2.0 1.5 6.1 3.2 1.1 0.5 17.8 3.0 1.1 3.5 2.6 7.3 4.6 3.6 2.8 11.1 16.6 28.5
6.8 2.5 2.1 6.7 3.6 1.4 0.6 20.2 3.4 1.6 3.9 2.9 9.1 5.8 4.8 3.7 -
m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr
Fix Fix Fix Fix Fix Fix Fix
Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet
Partition Partition Partition Partition Partition Partition Partition
System, System, System, System, System, System, System,
Separation panels Wall Front Panels Separation Front Panels End Front Panels Hang Door to Panel Hand Door plugged to wall Fix Head Rails
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1
hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no
Painting
Prepare Walls Prepare Doors Prepare Door Frames Burn Off / Heat Strip Paintwork Internal Timber, 1 coat primer before fixing, generally Internal Timber, 1 coat primer before fixing, timber lengths Internal Timber, knot, 1 primer, stop, 1 undercoat, 1 gloss Internal Timber, touchup primer, 1 undercoat, 1 coat gloss Internal Timber, polyurethane varnish, 2 coats Internal Timber, polyurethane varnish, 3 coats Internal Timber, linseed oil to hardwood, 2 coats External Timber, windows and frames External Timber, knot, 1 primer, 2 undercoats, 1 coat gloss, External Timber, touchup primer, 2 undercoats, 1 coat gloss, External Timber, 2 coats wood preservative External Timber, 3 coats polyurethane varnish Internal Walls, 2 coats emulsion to plaster Internal Walls, 2 coats emulsion to brick/blockwork Internal Walls, 1 mist, 2 coats emulsion to plaster Internal Walls, 1 mist, 2 coats emulsion to brick/blockwork Internal Walls, 1 primer, 1 undercoat, 1 gloss to plaster Internal Walls, undercoat to door frame
14.2 12.5 25.0 1.1 6.7 20.0 1.7 3.1 3.3 2.2 3.6 2.4 1.5 2.0 4.0 2.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 4.5 2.3 20.0
2.1 3.8 -
m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr
Internal Walls, gloss to door frame Internal Walls, undercoat to door Internal Walls, gloss to door External Walls, 2 coats sandtex to render/concrete External Walls, 2 coats sandtex to brick/blockwork External Walls, 1 sealer, 2 emulsion to render/concrete External Walls, 1 sealer, 2 emulsion to brick/blockwork Floors, epoxy paint Ceilings, emulsion paint, 2 coats Ceilings, emulsion paint, 3 coats Ceilings, textured paint Ceilings, artex finish Internal Steelwork, 1 primer, 1 undercoat, 1 gloss External Steelwork, 1 primer, 2 undercoats, 1 gloss Guttering Steelwork, 1 coat primer, 2 undercoats, 1 gloss
1.3 0.9 -
16.5 7.1 6.2 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.9 6.1 5.0 4.2 4.1 2.4 1.7 2.5
m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr
NATM Tunnels
Standard Advance Method, used on tunnels with max diameter Half Face Advance Method, used on tunnels with max diameter Double side Drift Advance Method, used on tunnels with diameter over Double side Drift Advance Method, used on tunnels with diameter over Excavation, London Clay, internal diameter under 7.0m Excavation, London Clay, internal diameter 7.0-10.0m Excavation, London Clay, internal diameter over 10.0m Excavation, Woolwich/Reading Beds, internal diameter 2.0-7.0m Excavation, Woolwich/Reading Beds, internal diameter 7.0-10.0m Excavation, Woolwich/Reading Beds, internal diameter over 10.0m Excavation, London Clay, Inclined Tunnels, diameter 2.0-7.0m Excavation, London Clay, Inclined Tunnels, diameter 7.0-10.0m Excavation, London Clay, Vertical Shafts, diameter 2.0-9.0m Excavation, London Clay, Vertical Shafts, diameter 9.0-15.0m
2.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.5
7.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 2.9 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.0
3.2 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.6
m m m m m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day
Excavation, London Clay, Circulation Halls
0.8
1.0 0.2 225.0 300.0 450.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 0.2 8.4 25.0 4.0 3.9 2.5 1.5
1.2 279.0 366.0 549.0 2.8 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.3 0.3
Excavation, London Clay, Junction Excavation Mucking Capacity, 1 access with 2 crews 190.0 Mucking Capacity, 1 access with 4 crews 255.0 Mucking Capacity, 2 access with 4 crews 382.0 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Tunnels, diameter under 6.5m 2.1 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Tunnels, diameter over 6.5m 1.5 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Inclined Tunnels, diameter under 6.5m 1.5 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Inclined Tunnels, diameter over 6.5m 1.0 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Vertical Shafts, diameter under 6.5m 1.8 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Vertical Shafts, diameter over 6.5m 2.2 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Circulation Halls, diameter under 11.0m Sprayed Secondary Lining, Intermediate Landing Tunnels with columns 1.7 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Intermediate Landing Tunnels without columns 1.6 Sprayed Secondary Lining, Tunnel Junctions Insitu Permanent Lining, 12m bays, 350-400mm reinforced with PCV backing Insitu Permanent Lining, extra over excavate/lining time to allow for permanent lining Excavate and Line Cycle Time , Running Tunnels 3.2 Excavate and Line Cycle Time, Station Access Adits 3.3 Excavate and Line Cycle Time, Concourse Tunnels 2.2 Excavate and Line Cycle Time, Escalator Tunnels 1.2
m of circumf/day m/day m3/day m3/day m3/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day
12.0 m/day 4.9 4.2 2.7 1.7 % m/day m/day m/day m/day
Metal Decking
Metal Decking, large areas Metal Decking, small or complicated Titanium Sheeted Roofs Copper Roofs, flat work Copper Roofs, sloping work
70.0 28.0 9.5 3.0 2.7
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day
Zinc Roofs, flat work Zinc Roofs, sloping work Aluminium Roofs, flat work Aluminium Roofs, sloping work Lead Roofs, flat work Lead Roofs, sloping work Lead Roofs, dormer cheeks Lead Roofs, flat gutters Lead Roofs, flat copings Lead Roofs, stepped gutters Lead Roofs, shaped copings Lead Roofs, cover step flashings Lead Roofs, rooflight flashings Lead Roofs, domed roof coverings
2.4 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.3 88.0 76.0 3.5 3.3 3.2 0.8 0.7
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m/day m/day m/day m/day m/day no/day m2/day
Manholes and Gulleys

Concrete Pre-Cast Manhole Units, 610 x 455 x 51 mm Concrete Pre-Cast Manhole Units, 990 x 610 x 64 mm Brickwork Manhole, 1.0 brick engineering Brickwork Manhole, 1.5 brick engineering Brickwork Manhole, 2.0 brick engineering Benching to Manhole, under 0.5m2 Benching to Manhole, 0.5-0.75m2 Benching to Manhole, 0.75-1.0m2 Brickwork Manhole, build in pipes, under 150mm dia Brickwork Manhole, build in pipes, 150-225mm dia Brickwork Manhole, build in pipes, over 225mm dia Brickwork Manhole, build in cast iron covers Yard Gulleys, 75-150mm dia pipes, bed and level Yard Gulleys, 150-225mm dia pipes, bed and level Yard Gulleys, 225-300mm dia pipes, bed and level
0.3 -
1.2 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 2.2 1.8 1.5
1.2 -
hrs/no hrs/no m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no no/hr no/hr no/hr
Road Gulleys, Road Gulleys, Road Gulleys, Road Gulleys, Road Gulleys, PVC Manhole
600mm deep, bed and level 750mm deep, bed and level 900mm deep, bed and level 1,200mm deep, bed and level install gratings
1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 5.0 15.0
no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr mins/no
Lift Installation
Hydraulic Lift, Install 2 to 3 storeys Hydraulic Lift, Install 4 storeys and above Hydraulic Lift, Testing allow 2 wks plus Standard Lift, Manufacture, test and deliver Non-Standard Lift, Manufacture, test and deliver
75.0
3.0 2.0 1.0 12.0 65.0
52.0
wks/floor wks/floor day/floor wks wks
Landscaping
Top Soil, spread, level and prepare for turf or seeding Top Soil, rake in fertilizer for seeding Planting, Shrubs and Hedges, under 750mm high Planting, Shrubs and Hedges, over 750mm high Planting, Saplings, under 3.0m high Turfing, including for minor preparations
2.5 25.0 4.0 1.5 1.7 16.8
m2/hr m2/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr m2/hr
Land Drains
Land Drains, Concrete, butt jointed, under 150mm dia, 0-5m run Land Drains, Concrete, butt jointed, under 150mm dia, 5-30m run Land Drains, Concrete, butt jointed, under 150mm dia, over 30m run
11.6 14.1 18.8
m/hr m/hr m/hr
Land Land Land Land Land Land
Drains, Drains, Drains, Drains, Drains, Drains,
Concrete, Concrete, Concrete, Concrete, Concrete, Concrete,
butt butt butt butt butt butt
jointed, jointed, jointed, jointed, jointed, jointed,
150-225mm 150-225mm 150-225mm 225-300mm 225-300mm 225-300mm
dia, dia, dia, dia, dia, dia,
0-5m run 5-30m run over 30m run 0-5m run 5-30m run over 30m run
8.4 10.2 11.9 5.4 6.5 7.9
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Kerbs & Paving

Concrete Slabs, laid on bedding, to slight falls Concrete Slabs, laid on bedding, to steep falls Concrete Slabs, laid in mortar, to slight falls Concrete Slabs, laid in mortar, to steep falls Concrete Slabs, laid on sand, to slight falls Concrete Slabs, laid on sand, to steep falls Cobble Stones, laid in mortar, no patterns Cobble Stones, laid in mortar, with patterns Artificial Stone, laid on sand, with patterns Brick Paviors, in mortar, straight joints Brick Paviors, in mortar, herringbone pattern Gravel Paths, including preparation of sub-base Concrete Paths, 100mm thick, including preparation of sub-base Concrete Kerbs or Channels, laid straight Concrete Kerbs or Channels, laid to 5m radius Concrete Kerbs or Channels, laid to 10m radius Concrete Kerbs or Channels, laid to 20m radius Stone/Granite Kerbs or Channels, laid straight Concrete Edging, laid straight Concrete Edging, laid to 5m radius Concrete Edging, laid to 10m radius Concrete Edging, laid to 20m radius Cutting and Fitting Ends, Concrete Kerbs
2.7 2.3 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.6 0.9 -
0.3 0.2 2.5 1.3 1.0 10.5 2.5 6.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 3.5 7.7 5.8 6.2 7.1 6.6
4.2 2.7 2.3 1.5 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.2 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr
Cutting and Fitting Ends, Channels Cutting and Fitting Ends, Concrete Edging
5.8 8.3
no/hr no/hr
Ground Compaction
Deep Vibroflot, 3m centres Vibro-Roller, Sand Vibro-Roller, Soil Vibro-Roller, Clay Vibro-Roller, Hardcore Vibro-Roller, Ash
330.0 28.5 -
380.0 31.2 58.8 55.6 38.4 57.8
465.0 45.2 -
m3/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Formwork
Pilecaps, < 0.7m2 Pilecaps, 0.7-2.5m2 Pilecaps, 2.5-3.0m2 Pilecaps, > 3.0m2 Ground Beams, < 0.7m2 Ground Beams, 0.7-1.5m2 Ground Beams, 1.5-3.0m2 Ground Beams, 3.0-5.0m2 Elevated Plain Slab Soffit Beams, on erected falsework, width 100-200mm Beams, on erected falsework, width 200-300mm Beams, on erected falsework, width 300-500mm Beams, on erected falsework, width 500-750mm Beams, on erected falsework, width over 750mm Walls, Construct Kickers Walls, Fully Framed Formwork/Struts, 1.0-2.0m2 Walls, Fully Framed Formwork/Struts, 2.0-5.0m2
0.9 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.1 1.7 1.8 2.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 5.3 0.9 1.0
1.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.5 7.1 1.8 2.2
2.0 2.3 2.5 3.1 1.8 2.5 2.6 3.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 10.0 1.9 2.5
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Walls, Fully Framed Formwork/Struts, over 5.0m2 Walls, StoriForm Shutters, 1.0-3.0m2 Walls, StoriForm Shutters, 3.0-5.0m2 Walls, StoriForm Shutters, 5.0-10.0m2 Walls, StoriForm Shutters, 10.0-15.0m2 Walls, StoriForm Shutters, over 15.0m2 Ground Slabs Columns, Construct Kickers, direct to slab Columns, Construct Kickers, suspended from soffit slab Columns, Square Sides, Timber Clamp/Prop, csa < 0.1m2 Columns, Square Sides, Timber Clamp/Prop, csa 0.1-0.4m2 Columns, Square Sides, Timber Clamp/Prop, csa over 0.4m2 Columns, Square Sides, Steel Forms, 1.5 x 1.5 x 9.0m high Columns, Square Sides, Steel Forms, 2.0 x 2.0 x 9.0m high Columns, Square Sides, Steel Forms, 2.0 x 4.0 x 9.0m high Columns, Round Sides, Sacrificial Plastic Mould, 3.0-4.0m dia Columns, Round Sides, Steel Mould, 3.0-4.0m dia Columns, Sloping Column Heads, extra over rate Staircases, Stair Soffit, Sloping Staircases, Stair Soffit, Flat Landing Staircases, Wall Strings Staircases, Open Strings Staircases, Riser Boards fixed to strings Staircases, Risers fixed to Strings Waffle Flooring, 2.4m grid Shaft Slip Forming Table Form, Aluminum System, 400m2 bays Table Form, H-Frame Steel Falsework, 400m2 bays Tunnel Forms, Wall and Slab poured as one Hollorib Decking, lay deck Hollorib Decking, shear connecting studs Stop Ends, no perforations Stop Ends, minor perforations
1.2 1.0 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.8 1.0 3.2 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.0 7.9 6.9 8.5 3.5 5.2 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.8 1.2
2.5 1.4 2.3 2.8 4.5 4.8 1.5 4.1 2.8 1.6 2.1 2.3 9.5 7.5 10.2 4.5 6.5 2.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 2.5 2.3 1.4 300.0 3.2 3.0 15.6 43.5 29.3 3.5 1.5
2.9 2.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 5.4 1.8 5.4 3.2 1.8 2.4 2.5 10.3 8.3 12.0 6.0 7.5 3.5 1.0 1.2 2.8 2.6 1.8 500.0 3.8 3.5 17.5 47.5 31.2 4.2 1.9
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr no/hr no/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr hrs/no m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr mm/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Stop Ends, dense perforations Box Outs, 0.01-0.05m2 Box Outs, over 0.05m2 Dummy Frames, under 3.0m2 Dummy Frames, over 3.0m2
0.9 7.6 3.1 4.5 3.1
1.1 8.2 3.9 6.2 3.7
1.4 9.1 4.5 7.1 4.5
m2/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr
Floor Finishes
Granolithic Flooring Terrazzo Flooring, in-situ Terrazzo Flooring, pre-cast Mosaic Tiling, 0.045x0.045m Clay, quarry Tiles, small areas, much cutting Clay, quarry Tiles, large areas, little cutting Raised Floor System Linolium/Thermo-Plastic Flooring Thermo-Plastic Floor Tiles Wood Block Flooring, lay blocks Wood Block Flooring, sand and polish Carpeting, Underlay & Gripper Carpeting, Adhesive Fixing Carpeting, Fully Fitted Hardboard Sheeting Coverings, small areas Hardboard Sheeting Coverings, large areas Floor Sheeting Coverings, Lay Lino
3.1 3.6 4.6 1.5 0.8 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 1.5 3.1 5.6 3.5 2.0 3.7 6.6 9.5
5.1 2.2 1.1 2.8 5.0 5.6 2.1 6.1 4.2 2.8 4.1 7.2 10.5
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Flat and Layered Roofs

Asphalt Roof in layers Asbestos Sheets in layers
45.0 39.0
m2/day m2/day
Felt Roofs, large areas Felt Roofs, small or complicated Felt Roofs, Gravel roof chippings
52.0 35.0 1.4
m2/day m2/day Tons/day
Fencing Works
Site Hoarding, timber posts, plywood nailed to horizontal rails Post Erection, Timber / Metal, dig, erect, fix Post Erection, Concrete, dig, erect, fix Fence Erection, Chainlink, posts at 1.5m Fence Erection, Chainlink, posts at 2.0m Fence Erection, Chainlink, posts at 3.0m Fence Erection, Chestnut Pailings, posts at 1.5m Fence Erection, Chestnut Pailings, posts at 2.0m Fence Erection, Chestnut Pailings, posts at 3.0m Fence Erection, Barbed Wire, posts at 1.5m Fence Erection, Barbed Wire, posts at 2.0m Fence Erection, Barbed Wire, posts at 3.0m Gate Erection, Chainlink on frame
1.0 3.3 3.2 -
1.2 4.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 5.5 23.8 33.3 41.6 71.4 100.0 125.0 4.1
m/hr no/hr no/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr no/hr
Escalators
Truss Truss Truss Truss Truss Truss Truss Truss
type, type, type, type, type, type, type, type,
Overall Installation (excl arch finishes) Manufacture, test and deliver Phase A assemble truss , position/level Stop-Work for surrounding finishes Phase B decking and glazing etc Phase C performance testing Phase D full load testing Phase E final test and inspection
14.0 8.0 -
12.0 60.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
11.0 48.0 4.0 -
wks wks wks wks wks wks wks wks
Electrical System
Railway Station 1st Fix Railway Station 2nd Fix Railway Station T&C Cable Installation, 1 cable laid in trench and protect Cable Installation, 2 cable laid in trench and protect Cable Installation, 5 cable laid in trench and protect Cable Installation, 7 cable laid in trench and protect Cable Installation, 8 cable laid in trench and protect Cable Installation, 2 cable laid in trench and protect, 100mm dia Cable Installation, 2 cable laid in trench and protect, 135mm dia Cable Installation, 3 cable laid in trench and protect, 100mm dia Cable Installation, 6 cable laid in trench and protect, 100mm dia Cable Installation, 4 cable laid in trench and protect, 150mm dia Cable Installation, 36 cable laid in trench and protect, 100mm dia Cable Installation, 10 cable laid in trench and protect, 100mm dia Cable Installation, 1 cable laid in trench and protect, 300mm dia
0.7 -
38.0 16.0 8.0 6.2 5.6 4.3 3.7 3.5 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.5 1.3
1.5 1.2 3.1 -
wks wks wks m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Drainage
PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC
Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage, Drainage,
1m 1m 1m 3m 3m 3m 6m 6m 6m
pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes, pipes,
100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm 100-150mm
dia, dia, dia, dia, dia, dia, dia, dia, dia,
0-5m run 5-30m run over 30m run 0-5m run 5-30m run over 30m run 0-5m run 5-30m run over 30m run
5.7 8.1 9.5 12.2 15.2 18.2 22.2 27.7 33.3
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
PVC Drainage, 3m pipes, 150-200mm dia, 5-30m run PVC Drainage, 3m pipes, 150-200mm dia, over 30m run PVC Drainage, 6m pipes, 150-200mm dia, 5-30m run PVC Drainage, 6m pipes, 150-200mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 75mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 75mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 75mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 100mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 100mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 100mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 150mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 150mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 150mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 225mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 225mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 225mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 300mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 300mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, 300mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, over 375mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, over 375mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Cement/Sand Joints, over 375mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 75mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 75mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 75mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 100mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 100mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 100mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 150mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 150mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 150mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 225mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 225mm dia, 5-30m run
10.6 12.8 21.2 25.6 4.7 5.5 6.6 4.4 5.0 6.2 3.2 3.8 4.5 2.1 2.6 3.1 1.4 1.7 2.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 8.3 10.0 12.5 7.7 9.1 10.0 5.2 6.2 7.7 2.7 3.3
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 225mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 300mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 300mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, 300mm dia, over 30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, over 375mm dia, 0-5m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, over 375mm dia, 5-30m run Stoneware Drainage, Flexible Joints, over 375mm dia, over 30m run PVC, Stoneware, Pitch Fibre & Concrete Joints Pitch Fibre Pipes, 75mm dia, 0-5m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 75mm dia, 5-30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 75mm dia, over 30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 100mm dia, 0-5m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 100mm dia, 5-30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 100mm dia, over 30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 150mm dia, 0-5m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 150mm dia, 5-30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 150mm dia, over 30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 200mm dia, 0-5m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 200mm dia, 5-30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 200mm dia, over 30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 225mm dia, 0-5m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 225mm dia, 5-30m run Pitch Fibre Pipes, 225mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 75mm dia, 0-5m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 75mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 75mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 100mm dia, 0-5m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 100mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 100mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 150mm dia, 0-5m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 150mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 150mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 225mm dia, 0-5m run
11.2 8.3 -
4.0 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.4 9.1 16.6 20.0 9.1 16.6 20.0 6.6 12.5 14.3 6.2 11.1 12.5 5.8 10.0 12.1 12.5 14.3 16.6 10.0 12.5 14.3 7.1 9.1 10.0 6.8
30.1 13.8 -
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr mins/no m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 225mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 225mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 300mm dia, 0-5m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 300mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, 300mm dia, over 30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, over 375mm dia, 0-5m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, over 375mm dia, 5-30m run Hepsleve Rubber Joint System, over 375mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 375mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 375mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 375mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 450mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 450mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 450mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 525mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 525mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 525mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 600mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 600mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 600mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 675mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 675mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 675mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 750mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 750mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 750mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 1,050mm dia Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 1,500mm dia Concrete Pipes, 1.5m pipes, 1,800mm dia Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 375mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 375mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 375mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 450mm dia, 0-5m run
4.5 5.5 2.5 2.9 3.7 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.4 3.8 2.7 3.2 3.6 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.4 2.7 3.3 2.2 2.6 2.9 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.1 3.6 4.3 5.0 3.4
4.2 3.8 2.6 8.0 -
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/day m/day m/day m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 450mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 450mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 525mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 525mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 525mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 600mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 600mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 600mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 675mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 675mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 675mm dia, over 30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 750mm dia, 0-5m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 750mm dia, 5-30m run Concrete Pipes, 2.5m pipes, 750mm dia, over 30m run Lay Shingle Around Pipework, under 150mm dia Lay Shingle Around Pipework, over 150mm dia
4.0
4.1 4.5 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.8 3.3 3.7 2.6 3.1 3.6 7.0 5.5
9.0 9.0
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Doors and Windows

Mastic Pointing to Frames Fix Metal and Timber Windows After Wall Complete Window Glazing Window Glazing, Single Glazed Units Window Glazing, Double Glazed Units
9.5 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3
m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Blockwork
Thermalite Blockwork, under 100mm thick Thermalite Blockwork, under 100-150mm thick Thermalite Blockwork, over 150mm thick
1.8 1.4 1.2
2.5 1.9 1.6
3.2 m2/hr 2.5 m2/hr 2.1 m2/hr
Lightweight Concrete Blockwork, under 100mm thick Lightweight Concrete Blockwork, under 100-150mm thick Lightweight Concrete Blockwork, over 150mm thick Heavyweight Concrete Blockwork, under 100mm thick Heavyweight Concrete Blockwork, under 100-150mm thick Heavyweight Concrete Blockwork, over 150mm thick Face Finish, Raked Out Face Finish, Bag Rubbed Face Finish, Flush Pointing
1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 -
2.2 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.4 71.4 29.4 17.6
2.9 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.1 1.8 -
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Dewatering
Setup small 2 hole system Setup large 15 hole system Calculate system times per pump Setup Recharge System
10.0 -
8.0 21.0 2.5 3.5
6.0 -
days days days/pump days/pump
Demolition
Weight, Structural Steel Remove & Cart away, Ceramic Wall Tiles Remove & Cart away, Wallpaper, 1 layer Remove & Cart away, Wallpaper, 2 layers Remove & Cart away, Wallpaper, 3 layers Remove & Cart away, Lathe and Plaster Ceilings Remove & Cart away, Plaster to Walls Remove & Cart away, External Render Remove & Cart away, Floor Screed Remove & Cart away, Concrete Paving Remove & Cart away, Brickwork Walls, 1.0 brick thick
2.0 3.2 2.1 -
2.5 2.5 8.7 7.1 5.7 4.6 3.1 3.9 3.2 4.0 1.3
3.4 5.0 5.9 -
Tonnes/m3 m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart Cart
away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away, away,
Brickwork Walls, 0.5 brick thick Brickwork Walls, Sand/Lime Mortar Fireplace and Hearth Floor Boards Skirting, Architrave, Dado rail etc Staircase Windows, 0-1m2 Windows 1-2m2 Windows 2-3m2 Doors Door Frame Floor and Ceiling Joists Wall Plates Iron Bath Wash Basin/Sink Pipework including brackets etc
2.6 1.8 1.9 6.2 16.5 7.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.1 1.1 3.9 1.4 0.8 6.1
m2/hr hrs/100 hrs/no m2/hr m/hr hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/on hrs/no hrs/m hrs/m /hrs/no /hrs/no m/hr
Decking
Simple Universal Beam Steel Bridge, concrete bridge deck, grano cover
7.1
m/day
Cutting Switchboxes
Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting
in in in in in in in
Concrete, small box Concrete, large box Brickwork, small box Brickwork, large box Lightweight Blockwork, small box Lightweight Blockwork, large box Heavyweight Blockwork, small box
7.1 3.6 6.6 4.2 20.0 10.0 7.7
9.5 4.5 9.5 5.3 23.0 12.5 10.0
12.5 5.6 12.5 6.3 25.0 14.3 12.5
no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr
Cutting in Heavyweight Blockwork, large box

3.8
4.8
5.9 no/hr
Cutting Chases
Concrete, cutting by hand, < 25mm wide Concrete, cutting by hand, 25-50mm wide Concrete, cutting by hand, 50-75mm wide Concrete, cutting by hand, 75-100mm wide Concrete, cutting by machine, < 25mm wide Concrete, cutting by machine, 25-50mm wide Concrete, cutting by machine, 50-75mm wide Concrete, cutting by machine, 75-100mm wide Brickwork, cutting by hand, < 25mm wide Brickwork, cutting by hand, 25-50mm wide Brickwork, cutting by hand, 50-75mm wide Brickwork, cutting by hand, 75-100mm wide Brickwork, cutting by machine, < 25mm wide Brickwork, cutting by machine, 25-50mm wide Brickwork, cutting by machine, 50-75mm wide Brickwork, cutting by machine, 75-100mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by hand, < 25mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by hand, 25-50mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by hand, 50-75mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by hand, 75-100mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by machine, < 25mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by machine, 25-50mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by machine, 50-75mm wide Light Blockwork, cutting by machine, 75-100mm wide Heavy Blockwork, cutting by hand, < 25mm wide Heavy Blockwork, cutting by hand, 25-50mm wide Heavy Blockwork, cutting by hand, 50-75mm wide Heavy Blockwork, cutting by hand, 75-100mm wide
1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 3.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 4.2 3.3 3.3 2.5 3.8 3.2 2.6 2.3 7.7 5.9 5.2 4.7 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.2
2.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 4.0 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.3 1.9 1.6 5.5 4.5 4.5 3.3 5.0 4.2 3.4 3.1 10.0 7.7 7.2 6.3 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5
3.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 5.8 5.0 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.5 2.8 2.5 11.1 6.7 6.7 5.0 7.7 6.3 5.3 4.5 14.2 11.1 10.0 9.1 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.3
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Heavy Heavy Heavy Heavy
Blockwork, Blockwork, Blockwork, Blockwork,
cutting cutting cutting cutting
by by by by
machine, machine, machine, machine,
< 25mm wide 25-50mm wide 50-75mm wide 75-100mm wide
3.8 3.2 2.7 2.3
5.0 4.2 3.6 3.1
7.7 6.2 5.2 4.5
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Introduction to Costing
1.1 Introduction
Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However, the forest engineer, the planner, the manager needs to be concerned with the alternative cost the cost of the lost opportunity. Management has to be able to make comparisons between the policy that should be chosen and the policy that should be rejected. Such comparisons require the ability to predict costs, rather than merely record costs. Cost data are, of course, essential to the technique of cost prediction. However, the form in which much cost data are recorded limits accurate cost prediction to the field of comparable situations only. This limitation of accurate cost prediction may not be serious in industries where the production environment changes little from month to month or year to year. In harvesting, however, identical production situations are the exception rather than the rule. Unless the cost data are broken down and recorded as unit costs, and correlated with the factors that control their values, they are of little use in deciding between alternative procedures. Here, the approach to the problem of useful cost data is that of identification, isolation, and control of the factors affecting cost.
1.2 Basic Classification of Costs

Costs are divided into two types: variable costs, and fixed costs. Variable costs vary per unit of production. For example, they may be the cost per cubic meter of wood yarded, per cubic meter of dirt excavated, etc. Fixed costs, on the other hand, are incurred only once and as additional units of production are produced, the unit costs fall. Examples of fixed costs would be equipment move-in costs and road access costs.
1.3 Total Cost and Unit-Cost Formulas

As harvesting operations become more complicated and involve both fixed and variable costs, there usually is more than one way to accomplish a given task. It may be possible to change the quantity of one or both types of cost, and thus to arrive at a minimum total cost. Mathematically, the relationship existing between volume of
production and costs can be expressed by the following equations: Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost output
In symbols using the first letters of the cost elements and N for the output or number of units of production, these simple formulas are C = F + NV UC = F/N + V
1.4 Breakeven Analysis

A breakeven analysis determines the point at which one method becomes superior to another method of accomplishing some task or objective. Breakeven analysis is a common and important part of cost control. One illustration of a breakeven analysis would be to compare two methods of road construction for a road that involves a limited amount of cut-and-fill earthwork. It would be possible to do the earthwork by hand or by bulldozer. If the manual method were adopted, the fixed costs would be low or non-existent. Payment would be done on a daily basis and would call for direct supervision by a foreman. The cost would be calculated by estimating the time required and multiplying this time by the average wages of the men employed. The men could also be paid on a piece-work basis. Alternatively, this work could be done by a bulldozer which would have to be moved in from another site. Let us assume that the cost of the hand labor would be $0.60 per cubic meter and the bulldozer would cost $0.40 per cubic meter and would require $100 to move in from another site. The move-in cost for the bulldozer is a fixed cost, and is independent of the quantity of the earthwork handled. If the bulldozer is used, no economy will result unless the amount of earthwork is sufficient to carry the fixed cost plus the direct cost of the bulldozer operation. Figure 1.1 Breakeven Example for Excavation.
If, on a set of coordinates, cost in dollars is plotted on the vertical axis and units of production on the horizontal axis, we can indicate fixed cost for any process by a horizontal line parallel to the x-axis. If variable cost per unit output is constant, then the total cost for any number of units of production will be the sum of the fixed cost and the variable cost multiplied by the number of units of production, or F + NV. If the cost data for two processes or methods, one of which has a higher variable cost, but lower fixed cost than the other are plotted on the same graph, the total cost lines will intersect at some point. At this point the levels of production and total cost are the same. This point is known as the "breakeven" point, since at this level one method is as economical as the other. Referring to Figure 1.1 the breakeven point at which quantity the bulldozer alternative and the manual labor alternative become equal is at 500 cubic meters. We could have found this same result algebraically by writing F + NV = F' + NV' where F and V are the fixed and variable costs for the manual method, and F' and V' are the corresponding values for the bulldozer method. Since all values are known except N, we can solve for N using the formula N = (F' - F) / (V - V')
1.5 Minimum Cost Analyses

A similar, but different problem is the determination of the point of minimum total cost. Instead of balancing two methods with different fixed and variable costs, the aim is to bring the sum of two costs to a minimum. We will assume a clearing crew of 20 men is clearing road right-of-way and the following facts are available: 1. 2. 3. 4. Men are paid at the rate of $0.40 per hour. Time is measured from the time of leaving camp to the time of return. Total walking time per man is increasing at the rate of 15 minutes per day. The cost to move the camp is $50.
If the camp is moved each day, no time is lost walking, but the camp cost is $50 per day. If the camp is not moved, on the second day 15 crew-minutes are lost or $2.00. On the third day, the total walking time has increased 30 minutes, the fourth day, 45 minutes, and so on. How often should the camp be moved assuming all other things are equal? We could derive an algebraic expression using the sum of an arithmetic series if we wanted to solve this problem a number of times, but for demonstration purposes we can simply calculate the average total camp cost. The average total camp cost is the sum of the average daily cost of walking time plus the average daily cost of moving camp. If we moved camp each day, then average daily cost of walking time would be zero and the cost of moving camp would be $50.00. If we moved the camp every other day, the cost of walking time is $2.00 lost the second day, or an average of $1.00 per day. The average daily cost of moving camp is $50 divided by 2 or $25.00. The average total camp cost is then $26.00. If we continued this process for various numbers of days the camp remains in location, we would obtain the results in Table 1.1. TABLE 1.1 Average daily total camp cost as the sum of the cost of walking time plus the cost of moving camp. Days camp remained in location Average daily cost of walking time Average daily cost of moving camp Average total camp cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 50.00 25.00 16.67 12.50 10.00 8.33 7.14 6.25 5.56 5.00 50.00 26.00 18.67 15.50 14.00 13.33 13.14 13.25 13.56 14.00
We see the average daily cost of walking time increasing linearly and the average cost of moving camp decreasing as the number of days the camp remains in one location increases. The minimum cost is obtained for leaving the camp in location 7 days (Figure 1.2). This minimum cost point should only be used as a guideline as all other things are rarely equal. An important output of the analysis is the sensitivity of the total cost to deviations from the minimum cost point. In this example, the total cost changes slowly between 5 and 10 days. Often, other considerations which may be difficult to quantify will affect the decision. In Section 2, we discuss balancing road
costs against skidding costs. Sometimes roads are spaced more closely together than that indicated by the point of minimum total cost if excess road construction capacity is available. In this case the goal may be to reduce the risk of disrupting skidding production because of poor weather or equipment availability. Alternatively, we may choose to space roads farther apart to reduce environmental impacts. Due to the usually flat nature of the total cost curve, the increase in total cost is often small over a wide range of road spacings. Figure 1.2 Costs for Camp Location Example.
Cutting Back
Concrete Pile Caps, 50-300mm deep and 0.6m dia Concrete Pile Caps, 300-750mm deep and 0.6m dia Concrete Pile Caps, > 750mm deep and 0.6m dia Concrete Pile Caps, 50-300mm deep and 1.1m dia Concrete Pile Caps, 300-750mm deep and 1.1m dia Concrete Pile Caps, > 750mm deep and 1.1m dia Concrete Pile Caps, 50-300mm deep and 2.5m dia Concrete Pile Caps, 300-750mm deep and 2.5m dia Concrete Pile Caps, > 750mm deep and 2.5m dia Concrete, Cutting Slabs, 5-25m deep Concrete, Cutting Slabs, 25-50m deep Concrete, Cutting Slabs, 50-75m deep Concrete, Cutting Holes, coring machine Concrete, Cutting Back to expose couplers 0.7m slab
0.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.5 4.2 9.2 10.1 11.5 -
15.2 11.5 6.7 0.2 2.5
0.3 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.1 2.3 8.2 9.5 10.2 -
hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no m/hr m/hr m/hr m3/hr m/day
Curtain Walling
Vertical Glazed Lights, 6m x 2.5m Vertical Glazed Walls, large scale Clerestory Frame/Glazing, 3m x 4m Oriel Window Frame/Glazing, 4m x 2m Glazed Curtain Wall, First Fix Glazed Curtain Wall, Second Fix High Quality Glazed Curtain Walling
14.5 70.0 28.0 35.0 1.2 1.1 25.0
m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/hr m2/hr m2/day
Concrete Placement
Placing concrete, lorry based pump Hollorib Decking, concrete topping Hollorib Decking, concrete topping, incl PowerFloat Placing Concrete, By Wheelbarrow over 1-10m Placing Concrete, By Wheelbarrow over 10-20m Placing Concrete, By Wheelbarrow over 20-50m Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Mass Fill Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, 50mm Blinding Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Ground Beams Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Pile Caps Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Duct Walls Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Stub Columns Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry, Ground Slab Placing Direct From Readymix Lorry,Drains Bed and Cover Placing From Tower Crane, Pile Caps Placing From Tower Crane, Mass Fill Placing From Tower Crane, Slabs under 150mm thick Placing From Tower Crane, Slabs over 150mm thick Placing From Tower Crane, Trough/Coffered Slabs Placing From Tower Crane, Stairs and Landings Placing From Tower Crane, Blinding Placing From Tower Crane, Beams under 150mm thick Placing From Tower Crane, Beams over 150mm thick Placing From Tower Crane, Walls Placing From Tower Crane, Columns
30.0 85.0 40.0 2.1 1.5 0.8 2.8 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.2 4.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4
40.0 100.0 50.0 2.3 1.8 1.1 3.1 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 2.3 0.9 1.4 4.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.5
50.0 120.0 70.0 2.5 2.1 1.5 3.3 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.1 0.6 2.6 1.0 1.6 5.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.6
m3/hr m2/hr m2/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Concrete Mixing
Concrete Weight, 1m3 Readymix Lorry, Length Readymix Lorry, Width Readymix Lorry, Height
2.4 8.3 2.5 3.7
Tonnes m m m
Readymix Lorry, Length Readymix Lorry, Turning Circle Readymix Lorry, Allowable Access Ramp Gradient Mixing Concrete, By Hand Mixing Concrete, Single Drum Paddle Mixer Mixing Concrete, Double Drum Paddle Mixer Mixing Concrete, Single Drum Plant Pan Mixer Mixing Concrete, Dry Mix Plant
158.0 315.0 -
24.4 16.4 17.0 0.3 180.0 370.0 120.0 90.0
20.0 210.0 420.0 -
Tonnes m degrees m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Concrete Finishing
Surface Finishing, Steel Float By Hand Surface Finishing, Wood Float By Hand Surface Finishing, Power Float Surface Finishing, Light Brush on Trowel Surface Finishing, Brush on Trowel Margin Surface Finishing, Sprayed By Pump, expose aggregate Surface Finishing, Wire Brush, expose aggregate Making Good Walls, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Columns, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Sides of Beams, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Slab Soffits, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Bolt Holes, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Rubdown Precast Concrete, prepare, shutter, pour Making Good Scabble 3 head brush hammer, prepare, shutter, pour
9.2 11.7 13.9 55.8 28.8 65.0 15.0 14.8 30.7
13.9 17.2 20.8 90.1 48.5 95.0 25.0 5.5 2.8 2.8 4.2 16.8 18.0 59.5
25.0 29.4 37.0 170.0 85.0 145.0 30.0 8.6 6.9 7.0 5.5 25.8 73.8
m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr no/hr m2/hr hrs/m2
Commercial Kitchen
Overall Installation for 100 persons or 50m2 Overall Installation for 500 persons or 150m2 Overall Installation for 1000 persons or 250m2
3.0 5.0 8.0
wks wks wks
Install Ovens, friers and large mixers etc Install Sinks, bain maries and washers etc
1.0 2.0
mandays mandays
Ceiling Finishes
Suspended Ceilings, office situations Suspended Ceilings, First Fix Suspended Ceilings, Second Fix
2.6 0.7 1.2
3.5 m2/hr - m2/hr - m2/hr
Carpentry Final Fixing

Windows, Softwood, 3.0-7.0m2 Windows, Softwood, 7.0-10.0m2 Windows, Hardwood, 1.0-3.0m2 Windows, Hardwood, 3.0-7.0m2 Windows, Hardwood, 7.0-10.0m2 Windows, Aluminum, 1.0-3.0m2 Windows, Aluminum, 3.0-7.0m2 Windows, Aluminum, 7.0-10.0m2 Windows, Steel, 1.0-3.0m2 Windows, Steel, 3.0-7.0m2 Windows, Steel, 7.0-10.0m2 Window Boards, nailed Window Boards, screwed Mouldings, Softwood, Nailed Mouldings, Softwood, Screwed Mouldings, Softwood, Gun Nailed Mouldings, Hardwood, Nailed Mouldings, Hardwood, Screwed Mouldings, Hardwood, Gun Nailed
0.6 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.2 1.4 -
0.4 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.4 6.3 4.6 8.2 3.3 2.4 8.5
0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 8.5 5.6 11.1 5.5 3.7 11.3
hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/m hrs/m m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Skirting, Aluminum, Screwed 150-300mm centres Skirting, Aluminum, Screwed 300-450mm centres Skirting, Plastic, Adhesive Fixing Architrave Mouldings Architrave, Fix to Doors Door Stop Mouldings Glazed Bead Mouldings Hanging Doors, Softwood, Single Pair Butts Hanging Doors, Hardwood, Single Pair Butts Cut Mortice to Receive Lock, Softwood Cut Mortice to Receive Lock, Hardwood Cut & Fix Formica Bath Panel Kitchen Cupboards, Floor Units Kitchen Cupboards, Wall Units Kitchen Cupboards, Shelf Units Staircase, pre-made, simple, straight flight Staircase, pre-made, 2 straight flights, 1 landing Staircase, pre-made, 2 straight flights, 2 landings Staircase, Balustrades/Handrails, fix horizontal Staircase, Balustrades/Handrails, fix raking Staircase, Cut and Fix Newel to Walls Windows, Softwood, 1.0-3.0m2 Raised Flooring, metal system
9.5 10.1 15.5 1.3 1.9 1.9 3.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 -
7.6 4.5 8.6 12.2 1.2 16.9 18.6 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.9 6.3 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5
18.2 25.0 20.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.1 2.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 -
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr hrs/door m/hr m/hr hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no m2/hr
Carpentry Carcassing
Windows, Timber Frames for Bricklaying Windows, Drill, Screw & Plug extra over Door Frames, Softwood, 1.0-3.0m2 Door Frames, Softwood, 3.0-7.0m2 Door Frames, Softwood, 7.0-10.0m2 Door Frames, Hardwood, 1.0-3.0m2
1.1 0.3 0.5 1.2 -
0.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.3
0.1 -
hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no hrs/no
Door Frames, Hardwood, 3.0-7.0m2 Door Frames, Hardwood, 7.0-10.0m2 Erect Water Tank Platform Fix Studding For Bath Cut Access Hatch Floor Joists, under 3m Floor Joists, 3.0-4.5m Floor Joists, 4.5-6.0m Ceiling Joists, under 3m Ceiling Joists, 3.0-4.5m Ceiling Joists, 4.5-6.0m Ceiling Joists, Notch to Beams Ceiling Joists, Pack Joist Ends Ceiling Joists, Nailing Joists together Ceiling Joists, Bolting Joists Together Floor Boards, Butt Jointed Floor Boards, T&G Boards, under 75mm wide Floor Boards, T&G Boards, 75-100mm wide Floor Boards, T&G Boards, 100-125mm wide Floor Boards, T&G Boards, 125-150mm wide Plywood Sheeting, Butt Jointed, nailed Plywood Sheeting, Butt Jointed, screwed Plywood Sheeting, T&G Jointed, nailed Plywood Sheeting, T&G Jointed, screwed Chipboard Sheeting, Butt Jointed, nailed Chipboard Sheeting, Butt Jointed, screwed Chipboard Sheeting, T&G Jointed, nailed Chipboard Sheeting, T&G Jointed, screwed
0.6 1.4 9.0 6.8 5.5 12.8 10.8 9.6 20.0 20.1 -
0.3 1.0 2.3 0.1 0.3 9.6 7.2 5.8 14.0 12.1 10.8 25.0 23.8 23.0 12.6 1.7 3.4 3.8 4.2 5.5 9.1 4.1 8.3 4.0 10.0 5.1 9.3 5.5
11.6 9.7 7.3 14.7 12.6 11.1 28.5 26.3 10.2 4.8 9.1 4.6 11.5 5.8 9.1 5.9
hrs/no hrs/no no/hr hrs/m no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr no/hr m/hr m/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr
Carpentry & Joinery

Formwork to Soffit of Manhole
1.8
m2/hr
Formwork to Walls of Manhole Formwork to Road Edges, straight Formwork to Road Edges, curves
11.2 -
14.2 7.7 6.2
20.2 m2/hr - m/hr - m/hr
Bulk Excavation
Excavation Bulking Factor, Sand/Soil Excavation Bulking Factor, Gravel Excavation Bulking Factor, Clay/Chalk Excavation Bulking Factor, Boulder Clay Excavation Bulking Factor, Rock Spoil Weight, Rock Spoil Weight, Concrete Spoil Weight, Landfill/CDG Spoil Weight, Sand Rail Mounted Grab, 2.0m3 bucket 2.4min lift cycle Crane Mounted Clamshell Grab, 2.0m3 bucket 2.9min lift cycle Crane Mounted Clamshell Grab, 2.5m3 bucket 2.9min lift cycle Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Sand/Soil Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Gravel Beds Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Hard Ground Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Hard Ground Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Hard Ground
30.0 25.0 34.0 6.9 23.4 45.5 5.6 20.5 36.8 5.6 20.5 37.0 4.5 17.9 25.7
15.0 33.0 40.0 45.0 60.0 2.5 2.4 1.9 1.8 48.0 33.0 42.0 8.7 28.6 50.0 7.1 25.0 40.0 7.1 25.0 40.0 6.1 22.2 28.6
20.0 59.0 41.0 52.0 10.2 33.4 58.0 8.2 29.0 46.0 8.3 28.7 46.0 7.2 25.0 32.9
% % % % % Tonnes/m3 Tonnes/m3 Tonnes/m3 Tonnes/m3 m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Breaking Out
Concrete Slabs, unreinforced 50-150mm Concrete Slabs, unreinforced 150-300mm Concrete Slabs, reinforced 50-150mm Concrete Slabs, reinforced 150-300mm Concrete Walls, unreinforced Concrete Walls, reinforced Concrete Foundations, unreinforced Concrete Foundations, reinforced Concrete Beams Concrete Columns Tarmac paving 20-50mm thick Tarmac paving 50-100mm thick Tarmac paving 100-150mm thick Tarmac roadway 150mm thick Brickwork, walls and columns Brickwork, foundations
3.2 5.5 5.2 9.1 4.7 5.6 3.6 5.4 7.5 9.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.7
4.1 6.2 3.9 4.7 3.3 5.1 6.5 8.2 1.7 3.6 1.8 2.1
1.9 3.7 3.9 4.7 3.1 3.9 3.0 4.8 5.6 7.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5
hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3 hrs/m3
Barrette Piles
Rule of Thumb, overall rate by Mill Fabricate reinforcement cages Concreting barrette panels Trimming top of barrette panels Concrete Testing, Coring Test Concrete Testing, Sonic Logging Test
0.5 40.0 4.0 -
1.1 4.0 50.0 2.4 3.5 0.7
1.2 55.0 2.0 -
hrs/no hrs/cage m3/hr days/no days/no days/no
Basement Excavation
Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic
Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator, Excavator,
0.3m3 0.3m3 0.3m3 0.3m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.4m3 0.5m3 0.5m3 0.5m3 0.5m3
bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket, bucket,
Sand/Soil - Basement Works Gravel Beds - Basement Works Clay/Chalk - Basement Works Hard Ground - Basement Works Sand/Soil - Basement Works Gravel Beds - Basement Works Clay/Chalk - Basement Works Hard Ground - Basement Works Sand/Soil - Basement Works Gravel Beds - Basement Works Clay/Chalk - Basement Works Hard Ground - Basement Works
6.4 5.5 5.2 4.7 12.6 11.7 10.9 9.7 18.2 16.5 15.4 13.3
8.0 6.9 6.5 5.9 15.4 14.3 13.3 11.8 20.0 18.1 16.7 15.4
9.4 8.1 7.9 8.2 18.9 16.7 15.6 14.0 23.0 20.0 19.3 17.7
m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr
Bell Ground Anchors

Uncased Anchors, 10m long Top Cased Anchors, 15m long Anchors stressing
2.0 1.0 2.2
no/day no/day no/day
Bored Piling
Cycle Time, 5-20m deep Cycle Time, 20-40m deep Cycle Time, 40-70m deep Cycle Time, 70-90m deep Cycle Time, 90-135m deep Move piling setup to next location Excave shaft by grab, general fill/uppr levels Excave shaft by grab, sand/minor rubble Excave shaft by grab, marinve/aluvium Excave shaft by grab/RCD, CDT
8.0 10.0 25.0 45.0 60.0 -
4.0 8.0 10.0 25.0 45.0 2.0 3.5 2.1 2.5 0.5
4.0 -
days/no days/no days/no days/no days/no hrs m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr
Excave shaft by grab/RCD, CDG <150 Excave shaft by RCD, CDG 150-200 Excave shaft by RCD, CDG >200/gravel Excave shaft by RCD/Chisel, corestones Excave Rock Socket by RCD, grade IV/V rock Excave Rock Socket by RCD, grade II/III rock Excave Rock Socket by RCD, tendering rate Add/remove RCD plant Add/remove RCD drill string/drill bit Remove Obstruction, above water hand hammers Remove Obstruction, below water heavy chisel Concrete Plug, RCD off/tremmie/concrete/cure/RCD on Install air lift tremmie tube Fabricate reinforcement cages Install reinforcement cages Shaft cleaning, air lifting after excavation Shaft cleaning, air lifting after cage installed Shaft concreting/extract casing 5-70m deep Shaft concreting/extract casing 70-95m deep Shaft concreting/extract casing 95-135m deep Concrete curing prior to remove telescopic casing Concrete Testing, Coring Test Concrete Testing, Sonic Logging Test Concrete Testing, Vibration Test
60.0 -
1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.0 5.0 0.8 0.5 53.0 5.0 2.5 2.0 8.0 2.0 12.0 14.0 48.0 72.0 3.2 2.5 6.5
0.3 0.2 50.0 2.2 -
m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr hrs hrs m/hr m/hr hrs hrs hs/cage hrs/no hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs m/hr hrs/no hrs/no
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ROAD WORKS

Posted @ 9/27/2009 6:55:34 AM by pavithra@eim.ae | COMMENTS (0)

Excavate and Remove

Concrete Road surfacing

Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete

Road Road Road Road

surfacing, surfacing, surfacing, surfacing,

Kerbs or Side Haunches 150mm thick 200mm thick 300mm thick

0.4 12.5 7.7 6.7

m3/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr

Posted @ 6/23/2006 12:56:08 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

Posted @ 5/25/2006 3:44:58 PM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

11.1 9.1 2.8 3.2 10.6 18.5 24.5 -

11.9 10.0 3.2 3.7 12.5 22.5 30.0 200.0

12.5 10.5 3.8 4.6 18.5 24.5 33.5 -

m run/hr m run/hr m run/hr m run/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr %x erect

3.5 1.2 4.8

4.2 1.7 5.0

5.8 m2/hr 2.2 m2/hr 6.3 m2/hr

3.3 3.8 3.3 18.7 11.2 -

3.5 4.0 3.5 20.0 25.0 15.0 75.0 38.0

4.4 4.8 4.2 31.3 17.3 -

m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr

5.0 5.0 4.2 4.0

m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr

20.4 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.7

1.5 32.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.5 2.1 2.2

- no/hr 2.6 m2/hr

1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5

m/day m2/hr m2/hr m2/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr

6.6 6.2 5.8

7.1 6.7 6.2

8.8 m2/hr 9.2 m2/hr 10.5 m2/hr

9.6 10.2 10.6 17.1 3.6 57.0 8.5 -

5.7 115.0 17.4 -

11.0 10.0 3.2 0.5 3.3

days days mins/lift mins/15m seconds/m

Posted @ 6/23/2006 1:55:07 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

Roof Roof Roof Roof Roof

5.2 5.9 5.1 25.0 20.5

m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr m/hr

Posted @ 6/23/2006 1:52:57 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

5.6 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 -

7.8 10.1 9.7 9.2 3.2 12.2 -

Horizontal heavy duty strutting Diagonal heavy duty strutting

Posted @ 6/23/2006 1:48:40 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

1.6 5.2 0.3

Tons/day Tons/day Tons/day Tons/day

Spread and Level

Posted @ 6/23/2006 1:45:24 AM by gush@win.co.nz | COMMENTS (0)

Soil Mix Walls

Three Auger Drill, cement and cure

Small or Deep Excavation

Slurry Mix Walls

Crane grab, cement/bentonite and sheet piles

Slates and Tiling

18.0 8.5 36.0 52.0 26.0

m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day m2/day

Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre

Drilling, Drilling, Drilling, Drilling, Drilling,

8.0 2.5 0.4 0.2 0.1

10.0 3.2 0.8 0.5 0.4

14.0 3.9 0.9 0.7 0.7