RevMan5UserGuide

TableOfContents
WelcometoRevMan5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 Conventions __________________________________________________________________________ 2 'Review'versus'FullReview' 2 UsingMenus 2 Gettingstarted ________________________________________________________________________ What'snewinRevMan5 Startingareview Tutorial Contentguidance UsingRevMan ________________________________________________________________________ Undo Collapsingandexpandingsections Renumbering Keyboardshortcuts Support 3 3 3 3 4 5 7 7 7 7 8

Reviews _____________________________________________________________________________ 9 Reviewtypes 9 Interventionreviews 9 Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews 9 Methodologyreviews 10 Overviewsofreviews 10 Reviewproperties 10 Licenceforpublication 10 Review/Protocolinformation ___________________________________________________________ Title Authors Contactperson Groupauthors Dates What'snewandHistory ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format Maintext ___________________________________________________________________________ Headings Links Insertingsymbols Insertinganalysisresults Publishednotes Trackchanges Findandreplace Globalreplace Importingtext Tables ______________________________________________________________________________ Abouttables Tablesinmaintext Characteristicsofstudiestables Riskofbiastables 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 23 23 23 24 25

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TableOfContents Summaryoffindingstables Additionaltables Studiesandreferences ________________________________________________________________ Aboutstudiesandreferences OrganisingstudiesandReferences Importingreferences Editingreferences Primaryreference Dataandanalyses ____________________________________________________________________ Constructingacomparisontable Comparisonproperties Outcomeproperties Addingstudiestoananalysis Enteringdata Analysisgraphs Funnelplots Sensitivityanalysis Figures _____________________________________________________________________________ Aboutfigures FiguresgeneratedbyRevMan Riskofbiasfigures Addingafigurefromafile Orderingandrenumberingfigures Copyingafiguretotheclipboard Savingafigureasafile Deletingafigure Trimmingimages 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 31 31 32 32 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 40

Sourcesofsupport____________________________________________________________________ 41 Aboutsourcesofsupport 41 Feedback ___________________________________________________________________________ 42 Aboutfeedback 42 Reviewappendices ___________________________________________________________________ 43 ReviewAppendices 43 Notes ______________________________________________________________________________ Aboutnotes Internalnotes Footnotes Checkingandvalidatingreviews_________________________________________________________ Checkingspelling Validatingreviews Statusreport Countingwords Sharingandsubmittingreviews _________________________________________________________ UsingArchietomanagereviews VersionsinArchie Authoringandeditorialphase Workingwithcoauthors 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 47 48

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RevMan5UserGuide Submittingreviews Checkingout Checkingin Storingreviewslocally_________________________________________________________________ Savingversionsofreviewslocally Openingareview Savingareview Localbackups Printing_____________________________________________________________________________ Printingreviews Printpreview Printingsinglesections Pagesetup Preferences _________________________________________________________________________ Preferences Generalpreferences Filespreferences Interfacepreferences Spellcheckingoptions ConnectionPreferences Exporting ___________________________________________________________________________ Exportingtext Exportingreferences Exportingdata Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews ________________________________________________________ Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews Constructingdatatables Covariates Enteringdata Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews 48 48 49 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 55 55 55 56 57 57 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 63 64

Appendices__________________________________________________________________________ 68 Appendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4 68

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WelcometoRevMan5
ReviewManager(RevMan)isTheCochraneCollaborationssoftwareforpreparingandmaintainingCochrane reviews. RevManfacilitatespreparationofprotocolsandfullreviews,includingtext,characteristicsofstudies, comparisontables,andstudydata.Itcanperformmetaanalysisofthedataentered,andpresenttheresults graphically. Inadditiontoreviewsofstudiesoftheeffectsofhealthcareinterventions,youcanuseRevMantowrite reviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracystudies,reviewsofstudiesofmethodologyandoverviewsofreviews.This userguidefocusesprimarilyonofCochraneInterventionreviews,withspecialsectionsforthefeaturesthatare specifictotheotherreviewtypes. EvenifyouarenotnewtoRevMan,theGettingstartedsectionisagoodplacetobegin. WekindlyaskyoutociteRevManwheneveritsoutputisusedinworksotherthanCochraneReviews.RevMan iscitedas:ReviewManager(RevMan)[Computerprogram].Version5.0.Copenhagen:TheNordicCochrane Centre,TheCochraneCollaboration,2008.

Conventions
Conventionsusedinthisuserguide. ThisuserguidecoversallfourtypesofCochranereview,butisfocusesprimarilyonCochraneIntervention reviewsbecausethesearebyfarthemostcommon.Therearespecialsectionsforthefeaturesthatarespecific totheotherreviewtypes.

'Review'versus'FullReview'
Inthisuserguide,wegenerallyusetheterm'review'todescribeaCochranereviewregardlessofitsstageor type,andthemorepreciseterms'Title','Protocol',and'FullReview'torefertospecificstagesofthereview.

UsingMenus
Menuactionswillbedescribedusingthe'>'sign.Forexample,"...useFile>Import>Textofreview"means thatyoushould: 1. ClickonFileonthemenubartoopentheFilemenu. 2. MovethepointertotheImportsectiontoexpanditssubsections. 3. ClickontheTextofReviewitem.

Contextorrightclickmenus
Wewillusetheterm'rightclickmenu'forwhatisalsoknownasa'contextmenu'.Mostcomputerswillbe equippedwithamousewithmultiplebuttons,andonthese,themenuwillbeactivatedbyclickingtheright button.Ifyouhaveasinglebuttonmouse,youwillneedtouseakeyboardclickcombinationtoopenthe menu.OnMacOS,thecombinationisCtrlclick.

Gettingstarted
IfyouarenewtoRevMan,ortoversion5,youmightwishtobeginbyreadingthefollowingsectionsofthis userguide: Startingareviewhowtobeginworkingonanewreview. What'snewliststhemanychangessinceversion4ofRevMan. TutorialselfpacedtrainingthatteachesyouthebasicsofRevMan5.

What'snewinRevMan5
TherearemanychangesinRevMan5.IfyouareusedtoworkingwithRevMan4,werecommendthatyouread thefollowingsections: UsingRevMannewinterface. Maintextnewstructureandnewoptions. RiskofbiastablesandSummaryoffindingstablesnewtypesoftables. Figuresnewwaytogiveprominencetospecificanalysesinthepublishedreview. UsingArchietomanagereviewsnewwayofsavingversionsofreviewsandexchangingthemwith others.

Forafulllistofchanges,seeAppendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4.

Startingareview
IfyouwishtouseRevManforaCochranereview,youmustbasethereviewonadesignatedtemplate providedbyyourReviewGroup.However,youcanalsocreatereviewswithinRevManforpurposesother thanpublicationinTheCochraneLibrary.

Gettingareviewtemplate
WhenyourReviewGrouphaspreparedthetemplate,theywilleither: sendyouthefile,or letyouknowthatitisreadyforcheckoutfromArchie.

Creatinganewreview
ClicktheNewbuttononthetoolbar.ThisopenstheNewReviewWizard. Warning:IfyoucreateareviewwithinRevManinsteadofusingatemplatefromyourReviewGroup,itmight notbepossibletomakethisintoaCochranereviewforpublicationinTheCochraneLibrarywithoutsubstantial latereditingonyourparttotransferthecontentsofyourfileintoanofficialtemplate.

Tutorial
TheRevMantutorialprovidesanintroductiontotheprocessofwritingaCochranereviewoftheeffectsofa healthcareintervention. ThetutorialdoesnotprovidealltheinformationnecessarytowriteaCochranereview,anddoesnotaddress othertypesofCochranesystematicreviewssuchasreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracystudies.

TOOPENTHETUTORIAL
1. ChooseHelp>Tutorial. ThisopensthetutorialdocumentPDFfile. 2. Followtheinstructionsinthetutorialdocument.

RevMan5UserGuide Note:toopenthetutorial,youmusthavesoftwareforviewingPDFfilesinstalledonyourcomputer,e.g.the freeAdobeAcrobatReader,availablefromwww.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html.

Contentguidance
Thisuserguideisfocusedonhelpingyouusethesoftware,anddoesthereforenotprovideguidanceonreview contentormethodology.ForsuchguidancepleaserefertotherelevantCochranehandbookorsection,see below. TheHelpmenualsoincludeslinkstothewebsitesfortheCochraneStyleResourceandtheOpenLearning Material. Ifyouneedfurtherassistance,pleasecontactyourCochraneReviewGroup.

Guidanceforinterventionreviews
TheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsofInterventionsisincludedwithRevManasaHelpfile.

TOOPENTHEHANDBOOK
ChooseHelp>Handbook>InterventionReview. Manysectionsofreviewshavealsobeenlinkeddirectlywitharelevantsectioninthehandbook.

TOGETCONTEXTSPECIFICHANDBOOKHELP
Dooneofthefollowing: RightclicktheelementandchooseHandbook. InwindowsortabswithaHandbookbutton,clickHandbook.

RevManalsoincludesalinktothehandbookwebsite,whereyoumayfindinformationabouthandbook updates,anonlineversion(withnicerformattingthanispossibleintheHelpfileincludedwithRevMan),and informationonhowtoobtainPDFversionsofchaptersforeasierprinting.

TOVISITTHEHANDBOOKWEBSITE
ChooseHelp>HandbookontheInternet.

Guidancefordiagnosticreviews
Chapter4,'GuidetothecontentsofaCochranereviewandprotocol'oftheCochraneHandbookforDiagnostic TestAccuracyReviewsisincludedwithRevManashelpfile.

TOOPENTHEDIAGNOSTICHANDBOOK
ChooseHelp>Handbook>DiagnosticTestAccuracyReview. Formoreinformationonthehandbookfordiagnosticreviews,seetheCochraneDiagnosticTestAccuracy WorkingGroupwebsiteathttp://srdta.cochrane.org.

Guidanceformethodologyreviewsandoverviews
Thehandbookforinterventionreviewshassectionsdedicatedtoeachofthesetworeviewtypes.

UsingRevMan
RevManworksonmultipleoperatingsystems(MSWindows,MacOSandLinux)becauseithasbeendeveloped usingtheJavaSwingplatform.ThisalsomeansthatRevManwillnotalwayslookthesameasprograms developedspecificallyforyouroperatingsystem. Youcanchoosebetweenvarioussetsof'lookandfeel'forRevMan.Thesearedifferentforeachoperating system(seeInterfacepreferences).Inthisuserguide,wewillusetheMetallookandfeelforallexamples.

Overview
AtthetopofRevMan'smainwindowisthemenubarandthemaintoolbar.Eachopenreviewdocumentis displayedinitsownwindow,whichconsistsofanoutlinepaneontheleftandthecontentpaneontheright.

Panes PanesareusedinseveralplacesinRevMan,e.g.onthetabsfordataandanalyses.

Thereisapaneldividerbetweenanytwopanes.Youcanclickanddragthedividertoadjusttherelativesizeof thetwopanes.Atoneendofthedividertherearetwosmallarrowbuttons,whichcanbeusedtocollapseone ofthepanes,orrestoreacollapsedpane.

Menus,toolbarsandkeyboardshortcuts
Themainmenubarcontainsmenusthatincludeallfunctionsthatapplytoreviewsingeneral.Themost frequentlyusedfunctionsarealsoavailablefromthemaintoolbar. Theoutlinepanehasitsowntoolbarforfunctionsrelatedtotheoutlineelements,thatis,functionsthatonly applyforaspecificreviewsectionorelement,andnotthewholereview.Thesefunctionscanalsobefoundin theelement'srightclickmenu. Somefunctionshavekeyboardshortcuts,whichareshowninthemenunexttothefunction.SeeKeyboard shortcutsforafulllistofallshortcuts.

RevMan5UserGuide Manyfunctionsarealsoavailableinrightclickmenus.Therightclickmenuforaparticulartypeofelement containsthosefunctionsthatareuniquetothatelementtype,orcommonlyusedforit. Examples: SavingareviewThisisabuttononthetoolbar,isavailablefromtheFilemenu:File>Save,andhas thekeyboardshortcutCtrlS. ImportingtextThisisusedlessfrequentlyandisonlyavailablefromtheFilemenu:File>Import> TextofReview. MergingcellsThisfunctioncanonlybeusedfortablecells,soitisavailablefromtheTablemenuand therightclickmenufortables.

Usingtheoutline
Theoutlineservesthreefunctions: Youcanuseittonavigatearoundthereview,eitherbymovingtoaparticularsectionintheTextof Review,orbyopeningthepropertiesofanelementinanewtab(seebelow).Asingleclickonan outlineelementmovestheviewinthecontentpanetothatsection,whileadoubleclickopensthe element'stab(ifthatelementopensinaseparatetab). Youcanuseittomodifyorreorderelementsofthereview.Foranexample,seeOrganisingstudies. Foreachsectionofareview,itcandisplaythevalidationstatus(seeValidatingreviews);whetherit hasanote;and,forProtocols,whetherthesectionispublished.

Tabs
Whenyouopenareview,thecontentpaneonlycontainstheTextofReviewtab,wheremostofareviewis edited.Butsomesections,suchasreferences,haveaspecialstructure.Whenyouopensuchasection,anew tabisaddedtothecontentpane. Youcanhaveanunlimitednumberoftabsopen.Tocloseatab,clickthe'X'infrontofthetabname.Ifyou wishtocloseallopentabs,exceptfortheTextofReviewtab,useWindow>CloseAllTabs. Tip:Youcanturnatabintoaseparatewindowbydoubleclickingthetab.Youcanturnsuchawindowback intoatabbyminimisingit.

Protectedtext
Blueisusedfortextthatyoucannotdirectlymodify,suchasfixedHeadings.

Saving
Anychangeyoumakeisimmediatelyappliedintheversionyouhaveopen.Youcanusethesavebuttoninthe menubaratanytime,oryoucanwaituntilyouhavefinishededitingyourreview.SeeSavingareview. Tip:Youdonothavetosaveyourworkmanuallyallthetime,becauseRevManautomaticallysavesabackup every10minutes.ThisisthedefaultsettingwhichyoucanchangeunderGeneralPreferences.

Closingreviews
YoucancloseareviewbycheckingitbackintoArchie,orbysimplyclosingthemainreviewwindow. Whenyoucloseareviewbyclosingthemainwindow,RevMancanofferanumberofoptions: ForareviewcheckedoutfromArchie,andnotsavedlocallyafterthecheckout: Ifchangeshavebeenmade,RevManoffersanoptiontocheckthereviewbackin. Ifnochangeshavebeenmade,RevManoffersanoptionforundoingthecheckout.

Forareviewthathasbeensavedlocally(whichmayhavebeencheckedoutbeforeitwassaved): Ifchangeshavebeenmadesincesaving,RevManoffersanoptiontosavethereview. Ifnochangeshavebeenmade,thereviewisclosed.

UsingRevMan Inalltheoptionslistedabove,youcanalwaysclickCanceltoreturntothereviewwithoutclosingit.

Undo
NearlyallchangesyoumakeinRevMancanbeundonewiththeUndofunction.Themaximumnumberof possibleundoactionsisdeterminedbytheUndoHistorySizesetting,whichyoucanspecifyunderGeneral preferences.

TOUNDOANACTION
1. ClicktheUndobutton.

TOREDOANACTION
1. ClicktheRedobutton Tip:PausethepointerovertheUndoorRedobuttontoseeatooltipdescribingwhatwillhappenifclicked.

Collapsingandexpandingsections
ReviewsectionscanbecollapsedintheTextofReviewtabtoallowyoutoviewonlythosesectionsyoufind relevant.

TOCOLLAPSEOREXPANDASECTION
ClicktheCollapseorExpandSectioniconinfrontofthesectionheading. Tip:Toincludeallsubsections,ShiftclicktheCollapseorExpandicon. YoucanturnofftheabilitytocollapsesectionsunderInterfacepreferences.

Renumbering
Somereviewelementsarenumbered.Thisincludescomparisonsandoutcomes(inInterventionreviews),tests (inDiagnosticreviews)andfigures. Whenanumbereditemisdeleted,themayleaveagapinthenumberingsequence.Youcanusetherenumber functiontocorrectthis.

TORENUMBERITEMS
1. Clicktheparentelementintheoutline. Forexample,torenumberoutcomes,clicktheparentcomparison. 2. ClickRenumber[element]ontheoutlinetoolbar.

Keyboardshortcuts
ThefollowingshortcutsareavailableintheWindowsversionofRevMan. Action Bold Clear CheckSpelling Copy Cut Find Shortcut CtrlB Delete F7 CtrlC CtrlX CtrlF

RevMan5UserGuide

FindandMarkLinks Handbook Help Italic New Open Paste Print Redo Refresh Replace Save Selectall Underline Undo

CtrlL F2 F1 CtrlI CtrlN CtrlO CtrlV CtrlP CtrlShiftZ F5 CtrlR CtrlS CtrlA CtrlU CtrlZ

Support
ThissectionisaboutsupportforthesoftwarerelatedaspectsofusingRevMan.Forassistancewithreview methodology,seethesectiononContentguidance. IfyouneedhelpwithusingRevMan,butcannotfindtheanswerinthisuserguideorontheRevManwebsite, youcanaskyouCochraneReviewGroupforassistance. IfyouencounterapossiblebuginRevMan,orwishtosuggestandimprovements,youcansendthesedirectly tothedeveloperteam.

TOREPORTAPROBLEM
1. ChooseHelp>ReportaProblem. Thisopenstheonlineproblemreportingform. 2. Describetheproblemasclearlyaspossible. Ifthesupportteamcannotunderstandyourreport,itwilltakelongerforthemtohelpyou.Describe thestepsthatleduptotheproblem,andtheexactnatureoftheproblem.Remembertoincludethe exactwordingofanyerrormessages. 3. Submittheform. Thesupportteamwillgetbacktoyouassoonaspossible,usuallywithin24hoursonweekdays.

TOSUGGESTANIMPROVEMENT
1. ChooseHelp>MakeaSuggestion. Thisopenstheonlinesuggestionform. 2. Fillinandsubmittheform. SeetheRevManwebsiteatwww.ccims.net/revmanformoreinformation,suchastheFAQ(FrequetnlyAsked Questions). 8

Reviews
Reviewtypes
RevMan5canbeusedtoproduceallfourbasictypesofCochranereviews,namely: Interventionreviews Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Methodologyreviews Overviewsofreviews

Interventionreviews
ThisuserguidecoversallfourtypesofCochranereview,butiswrittenfromtheperspectiveofCochrane Interventionreviewsbecausethesearebyfarthemostcommon.Therearespecialsectionsforthefeatures thatarespecifictotheotherreviewtypes.

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews
Background:Systematicreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracy
ThemainstepsofaCochranereviewofdiagnostictestaccuracystudiesarethesameasthemainstepsofa Cochranereviewoftheeffectsofinterventions: 1. Framingthequestionanddefinitionoftheobjectives 2. Searchandselectionofstudies 3. Qualityassessment 4. Dataextraction 5. Statisticalanalysis 6. Interpretationandpresentationofresults However,therearesomedifferencesbetweeninterventionanddiagnostictestaccuracyresearchthatimpose specialchallengestoeachofthesesixsteps: Manydifferentdesignsarelikelytohavebeenusedindiagnostictestaccuracystudies,mostlynonrandomized observationalstudies.Thereisnosingle,dominantdesign,suchastherandomizedtrialfortheeffectsof interventions,whichisleastpronetobias.Thisalsocomplicatestheindexingofdiagnostictestaccuracystudies inelectronicbibliographicdatabases,suchasMEDLINE. Thequalityofthediagnostictestaccuracystudiesislikelytovaryverywidely,evenamongstudiesthathave verysimilardesigns.Therelationshipbetweenstudyqualityandstudyoutcomeisunclear,althoughseveral researchershavestudiedtheserelationships(Lijmer,Rutjes).Studyqualityisalsodifficulttoassessbecauseof thegenerallypoorqualityofthereportingofstudymethods. Theoutcomesofdiagnostictestaccuracyresearchareverydependentonsettingandpatientpopulation. Sensitivity,specificity,likelihoodratiosandoddsratiosdependverymuchonthecharacteristicsofthepeople inwhomthetestisused,includinganypriortesting.Thesedataarealsoreportedpoorlyinmoststudies. Thereislikelytobesignificantheterogeneityacrossdiagnostictestaccuracystudies,withmanysourcesof heterogeneitybeinguniquetothistypeofresearch,notablytheroleofthepositivitythresholdandthe presenceofvariousbiases. Themethodologyforqualityassessment,metaanalysisandinvestigationofheterogeneityindiagnostictest accuracyareunderdevelopedcomparedtothemethodologyforinterventionresearch. Sensitivityanalysis

RevMan5UserGuide ItisnotpossibletoconductsensitivityanalysesinRevManbyomittingindividualdiagnosticstudies.These analysesneedalsotobedoneoutsideRevMan. SeealsoAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables,Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews,Constructing datatables,Covariates,Enteringdata,Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews

Methodologyreviews
CochraneMethodologyreviewsbringtogetherthefindingsofstudiesrelevanttothemethodsofevaluating healthandsocialcare,sometimeswithmetaanalysesoftheirresults.ThestructureofCochraneMethodology reviewsisverysimilartothestructureofCochraneInterventionreviewsbut,becausethetargetofthe methodologicalinterventionislikelytobearesearchstudy(ratherthanaperson),someoftheheadingsand subheadingshavebeenchangedtoreflectthis.

Overviewsofreviews
ForinformationonthistypeofCochranereviews,pleaseseeChapter22oftheHandbook.

Reviewproperties
CochranereviewshaveanoverallsetofpropertiesthatcanbeviewedinRevMan.However,someofthesecan beeditedonlyinArchie.

TOOPENAREVIEW'SPROPERTIES
1. Rightclickthetopmostheadinginoutline,forexample"Interventionreview",andchooseProperties. ThePropertieswindowopens.

Generalproperties
TheReviewIDandDOIareidentifiersusedinArchieandTheCochraneLibrary. TheReviewNumbercanbeusedasashortlabelforthereview.ItcanbeeditedinRevMan. TheVersionnumbershowstheversionnumberofthereviewinArchie. TheVersiondescriptioncontainsthedescriptionofthelatestversionwhenareviewischeckedout.Itcanbe editedinRevMan. Statusshowsifthereviewisactive,withdrawnorinactive. TheStageinRevMancanbeeitherProtocolorFullReview.SeetheHandbookfordetailsofthesetwostages. ThestagesVacantTitleandRegisteredTitleareusedinArchie,butnotinRevMan.

Keywords
Thiselementofreviewsiscurrentlynotused.Textforthissectionwillbeaddedwhentheelementcomesinto use.

MeSHterms
Thiselementofreviewsiscurrentlynotused.Textforthissectionwillbeaddedwhentheelementcomesinto use.

Licenceforpublication
AuthorsofCochranereviewsarerequiredtoassignanexclusivelicencetoTheCochraneCollaborationto publishtheirreviewinelectroniceditionsofTheCochraneLibrary.Thisisdonethroughaspeciallicenceform thatisgeneratedfromRevMan,basedoninformationfromthereview. YourReviewGroupwillinformyouwhenyouneedtofillintheform,andwilleithersendyouaform,orask youtogenerateit.

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Reviews

TOGENERATEALICENCEFORPUBLICATIONFORM
ChooseFile>Reports>LicenceforPublication. Theformcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

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Review/Protocolinformation
Title
Thereviewtitleisshownatthetopofthemaintextwindow,whereitcanbeedited. Note:whenareviewtitlehasbeenagreedwiththeReviewGroup,authorsshouldnotchangethetitlewithout theagreementoftheirReviewGroup. Youcanuseitalic,superandsubscriptinreviewtitles,butyoucannotmodifythefontorsize,norapplybold orunderline. Changingareview'stitlewillnotaffectanexistingfilenameusedforthereview(seeStoringreviewslocally), butitwillaffecttheoveralltitleofthereviewinArchiewhenthereviewischeckedin.

Authors
ThebylineandauthoraffiliationsshownatthetopoftheReviewInformationsectionaregenerated automaticallyfromtheauthorslinkedtoareview. YoucanuseRevMantochoosetheauthorsinthelistandtheirorder,butchangestothedetailsforthe authorsmustbemadeinArchie. AnauthorisassignedtoareviewbylinkingthereviewwithherrecordinArchie.Thismeansthatarecordmust existinArchiebeforeanauthorcanbeaddedtoareview.Whenanauthorhasbeenassignedtoareview,her detailsarestoredwithinthereviewfile,buttheycannotbeeditedinRevMan.Thecontactdetailsforauthor thatareincludedinreviewsareupdatedintwoways: automatically,wheneverareviewischeckedoutfromArchie,thelatestdetailsforeachauthorare insertedinthefile; manually,byusingtheRefreshfunction(seebelow).

Areviewmusthaveatleastoneauthor.IfyoucreateareviewwithinRevMan(seeStartingareview),a temporaryauthorthatisnotlinkedtotheArchieservermaybecreated.Ifyouhaveenteredyourname(under Preferences)thiswillbeusedfortheauthorcreated,otherwise'[Emptyname]'willbeshown. TheContactpersondoesnotneedtobeinthelistofauthors. WhenyoumakechangestothelistofauthorsortheContactperson,RevMandoesnotcheckwithArchieifyou havepermissiontodoso.Butwhenareviewischeckedin,yourauthorchangeswillonlytakeeffectinArchieif youhavetherelevantpermission.Thereportshownafteryoucheckinareviewlistsallchangestoauthors,and whethertheywerecarriedoutornot.

TOASSIGNANAUTHOR
1. ExpandtheReviewinformationheadingintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheAuthorsheadingandchooseAddAuthor. TheNewAuthorWizardopens. 3. ChoosewhethertoaddanauthorthatislinkedtoArchie,oralocalrecord. Note:LocalrecordsshouldnotbeusedforCochranereviews. 4. Typethefirstname,lastnameorboth. YoucannarrowyoursearchtoauthorsinoneReviewGroupbyusingtheAuthorinReviewGrouppull downlist,ortothosepeoplewithanauthordocumentrolebyusingtheAuthorsonThisReviewOnly checkbox. 5. ClickSearch. RevManconnectstoArchie,andwhenthesearchiscompleted,theresultsareshowninthetopright pane. Note:ifyouspecifyaReviewGroup,butleavethenamefieldsblank,allauthorsfromthatgroupare retrieved.Thiswilltypicallytakesometime.

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Review/Protocolinformation 6. Clickthenameoftheauthoryouwishtoassign. Ifthepersonisnotinthelist,modifyyoursearchandtryagain.Ifyoucannotfindtheperson,they mightnothavearecordinArchie.Insuchcasesyoushouldsendtheperson'sdetailstoyourReview Groupsotheycancreatetherecord. 7. ClickFinish.

TOREMOVEANAUTHOR
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. RightclickthenameofthepersonandchooseDeleteAuthor.

TOCHANGEAUTHORORDERING
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheauthoryouwishtomoveandchooseMoveUporMoveDown.

TOVIEWANAUTHOR'SDETAILS
1. ExpandtheReviewInformationandAuthorsheadingsintheoutline. 2. Either doubleclicktheauthorname,or rightclickthenameandchooseEditAuthor.

AuthordetailsopeninanewtabinthemainwindowseeUsingRevManformoreontabs.Therightpaneof theauthordetailstabwillshowthefullsetofinformationforthatauthor,whiletheleftpanewillshowhow muchofthatinformationwillbepublishedinthereview.

Editingauthordetails
RevMandoesnotallowauthor'sdetailstobeedited,butinsteadreliesondatafromArchie.Thisistoensure thatthecorrectandmostuptodateinformationforeachauthorisusedineveryreviewtheycontributeto.An exceptiontothisruleislocalrecords,whereyoucaneditthename,butnootherdetails. ThedetailsofapersoninArchiecanbemodifiedbythepersoninquestion(ifthepersonhasauseraccount), andbytheSuperUsersoftheirPrimaryEntity. IfyouthinktheremaybemorerecentdetailsfortheauthoravailableinArchie,youcandownloadthesetothe review.

TOUPDATEAUTHORDETAILS
1. Opentheauthor'sdetails(seeabove) 2. ClickRefresh.

Citationexample
RevManwillgenerateanexampleofhowthereview'scitationwilllookbasedontheinformationcurrentlyin RevMan,buttheYearandissueinformationshownwillnotmatchwhatwillbepublishedsincethatis dependentupontheactualissueinwhichthereviewispublished.IfaLastCitationIssueisavailable(see Dates),thatinformationwillbeusedintheexamplecitation,otherwise"[year]"and"[issue]"willbeused. SeealsoContactperson,Groupauthors,ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format.

Contactperson
ACochranereviewmusthaveacontactperson.ThisisdonebylinkingareviewtoapersonrecordinArchie. AlthoughthefunctionalityissimilartothatofAuthors,thetwosectionsaremaintainedindependently.The personusedfortheContactpersonisusuallyoneoftheauthors,butdoesnothavetobe. SeeAuthorsforinformationonhowtomodifytheContactperson.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Groupauthors
Ifateamofauthorswishtobecitedasgroup,thiscanbeachievedbyusingArchie'sGroupAuthor functionality.RecordsforgroupauthorscanbelinkedtoreviewsjustlikeanyotherArchierecord. Note:GroupauthorrecordscannothaveArchieuseraccounts,soauthorsthatwishtoworkonareviewby connectingtoArchiemustbeassignedtothereviewasindividuals. SeeAuthorsforinformationonhowtoassignauthors.

Dates
YoucanaddormodifytheAssessedasUptodate,DateofLastSearch,andNextStageExpectedfieldsbyusing thecalendartoolortypinginthedate.

TOUSETHECALENDARTOOLTOCHOOSEADATE:
1. Clickthecalendarbuttonnexttothefield 2. Usethearrowsnexttothemonthandyeartonavigatetodesiredmonth. 3. Clickthedate.

TOTYPEINTHEDATE:
1. Usethedateformatddmmmyyyy.Forexample,toinput24December2007,type"24Dec2007". Whenyouaretyping,thetextinthefieldwillberedifitcannotbeparsedintoavaliddate. ProtocolFirstPublished,ReviewFirstPublishedandLastCitationIssueareexpressedasissuesofTheCochrane Library.ThesecannotbeeditedinRevMan.Ifavailable,theyareincludedinthereviewwhenitischeckedout frominArchie.

What'snewandHistory
YoucanuseWhatsneweventstodescribethechangestotheprotocolorreviewsinceitwaslastpublished. YoucanincludemultipleeventsintheWhatnewsection.Forexample,ifyourreviewhasbeenupdated,and theupdatehasleadtoachangeintheconclusions,youshouldaddbothan'Updated'eventanda'New citation:conclusionschanged'event. Thethreeeventtypes'Newcitation:conclusionschanged','Newcitation:conclusionsnotchanged'and'No longerbeingupdated'aremutuallyexclusive,soyoucanonlyhaveoneoftheseinyourWhat'snewsection. WhatsneweventsthatdonotrelatetothecurrentversionofthereviewshouldbelistedintheHistory. FormoreinformationonusingWhat'snewandHistory,seetheHandbook.

TOADDAWHAT'SNEWEVENT
1. RightclickWhat'snewandchooseAddWhat'sNewEvent. TheNewWhat'sNewEventWizardopens. 2. Selectthetypeofeventfromthepulldownlist. 3. ClickNext. 4. Addadescriptionoftheevent. 5. ClickNext. 6. Assignadatefortheevent. Thecurrentdatewillbeusedbydefault. 7. ClickFinish.

EDITINGAWHAT'SNEWEVENT
14 Tochangethedate,clickthecalendarbuttonandchooseanewdateseeDates.

Review/Protocolinformation Tochangetheeventtype,selectthetypeofeventfromthepulldownlist. Tomodifythedescription,editthefield.

TOMOVEAWHAT'SNEWEVENTTOHISTORY
1. Rightclicktheeventintheoutline,andchooseMoveto>History.

ConversionofauthorinformationfromRevMan4format
ThefirsttimeaRevMan4reviewischeckedoutofArchieandopenedinRevMan5,itwillcontainrecordsfor allauthorslinkedtothereviewinArchie.Iftherearenamesinthebylinethatcannotbelinkedtoanauthor record,RevManwillcreateadditionalauthorsforeachofthesenames.Suchauthorswillonlycontainthe name,andanotethatthisnamewasgeneratedbasedonthebyline. Commonreasonsforanadditionalauthortobecreatedare: thenameinthebylinespelleddifferentlytothenameintheArchierecord,or thebylinehasbeenformattedincorrectly,e.g.itcontained'etal.',or thedocumentroledidnotexistinArchie.

Ifoneoftheseproblemsoccurs,itwillbenecessarytoensurethatthecorrectandcompleterecordsforeach authorareinArchieandthatthesearelinkedtothereview.ThiscaneitherbedonefromRevManbychoosing thecorrectrecords,orwithinArchiebyassigningtheauthorrolebeforethereviewischeckedout.Unwanted authorsshouldbedeletedfromRevManbeforethereviewischeckedinagain. Insomecases,thepersonassignedasContactauthorintheRevMan4reviewshouldnotappearonthebyline, forexampleifapreviouscontactauthorhaverelinquishedresponsibilityforthereview,andthisroleisnow filledbyamemberoftheReviewGroup'seditorialbase.Insuchcases,theauthorshouldbedeletedfromthe RevManauthorlistbeforethereviewischeckedinagain. Groupauthors RevMan5allowsagroupnametobeusedastheauthorsforthereview.Whenanexistingreviewwithagroup authorisfirstopenedinRevMan5,alltextinthebylinewillbeinterpretedaspersonnames.Forexample,the 'EarlyBreastCancerTrialists'CollaborativeGroup'wouldbecomeanauthorcalledBreastCancerTrialists CollaborativeGroupEarly.Therefore,allgroupauthorsneedtobecreatedinArchieandassignedthe documentroleAuthorforthereviewbeforethereviewischeckedouttoRevMan5.

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Maintext
Themaintextcontainsanumberoffixedheadingsthatmustbeineveryreview.Thesecannotbemodified,but youcanaddyourownsubheadings,seeHeadings. Eachtextsectioncancollapsedandexpandedindividually,seeCollapsingandexpandingsections.

Paragraphsandlinebreaks
TextinRevManisdividedintoparagraphsthatareseparatedbyspacing,butdonothaveablanklinein between.ThismeansthatyoushouldonlypresstheEnterkeyoncetocreateanewparagraph.Thespacing betweenparagraphsinRevMancannotbemodified. Generally,youshoulduseparagraphsoroneofthelistformats.Ifyouneedtoinsertalinebreak,youcando thiswithShiftEnter. Sometypesofformattingapplytoparagraphsasawhole,whilesomeformattingcanbeusedforindividual characters.

Paragraphformatting
Formattingthatcanbeappliedattheparagraphlevelarebulletedandorderedlists,andindentation,which canbeusedforcreatingnestedlists(i.e.listswithinlists).

TOAPPLYLISTFORMAT
1. Selectthetextthatshouldbeinthelist. 2. ClicktheBulletedListorOrderedlistbuttononthetoolbar. Thelistformatisappliedwitheachparagraphbecomingaseparatelistitem. Youcanconstructnestedlistsbyusingtheindentbuttonstoadjusttheleveloflistitems.

Characterformatting
Youcanformatyourtextinthepublishedreviewwithbold,italics,underline,superscriptandsubscriptbyusing thebuttonsonthemaintoolbar. Youcanalsoapplytextmarker(ie.ayellowhighlight)withinRevMan,butthisformattingwillnotbepublished (i.e.thehighlightedtextitselfwillbepublishedbutwithoutthehighlighting). Note:formattingsuchasboldoritalicsshouldnotbeusedtosignifyasubheading.Theheadingparagraph stylesmustbeusedforthis,seeHeadings. Youcannotmodifythefontsizeofindividualcharacters,butyoucanchangetheoverallsizeofthetextasit appearsinRevMan,seeInterfaceoptions.

Links
Youcaninsertlinkstoothersectionsinthereview,suchasstudies,orfigures,seeLinks.

Symbols
SeeInsertingsymbols

Tables
SeeTablesinmaintext

Trackchanges
SeeTrackchanges

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Maintext

Headings
ThemaintextofeveryCochranereviewcontainsfixedheadings.Thesefixedheadingsareincludedas 'protectedtext',whichcannotbedeletedandisshowninblue. Threeothertypesofheadingscanbeused: Predefinedrecommendedheadings. Suggestedoptionalheadings. Userdefinedheadings.

Headingsarestructuredthroughheadinglevels,withHeading1beingthehighestlevel.Thisisreservedforthe mainsectionheadings,suchasAbstractandDiscussion.Asubheadingshouldalwaysbeonelevellowerthat theheadingofitsparentsection.Forexample,ifyouwishtoaddtheoptionalheading"Adverseoutcomes" under"Typesofoutcomemeasures",theheadingshouldbeaddedasaHeading3,sincetheparentheadingis attheHeading2level.

Recommendedheadings
AllrecommendedheadingsarepredefinedinRevManandincludedwhenanewreviewiscreated.Theyare representedwithspecialiconsintheoutline:

TOREMOVEARECOMMENDEDHEADING
1. RightclicktheheadingandchooseDeactivateHeading. Note:Deactivatingaheadingwillalsoremovethetextinthatsection.Ifyouwishtoretainanysuchtext,you mostmoveittoanothersectionbeforedeactivatingtheheading.

TOACTIVATEARECOMMENDEDHEADING
1. Locatetheheadingintheoutline. 2. RightclicktheheadingandchooseActivateHeading. Note:Youdonothavetoincludeanytextbetweenasection'sfixedheadinganditsfirstrecommended subheading.Ifyoudonotdoso,RevManwillshowablanklineafterthefixedheadingsothattextcanbe includedthereatalaterdate.Thisblanklinewillnotappearwhenthereviewispublished.

Optionalanduserdefinedheadings
Optionalanduserdefinedheadingsareaddedmanually.TheoptionalheadingsaredescribedintheHandbook.

TOADDANOPTIONALORUSERDEFINEDHEADING
1. Entertheheadingtextonaseparateline. 2. Applytherelevantheadingstyleusingthepulldownlistinthetoolbar. SeealsoMaintext.

Links
Youcanworkwithlinksinseveralways.Youcaninsertlinksbychoosingthemfromalistoryoucantypethe linktextandmarkitasalinklater. Whenalinkhasbeenmade,thelinktextcannotbeedited.Iftherelevantpropertyofthedestinationelement ismodified,alllinkstoitwillbeupdatedautomatically.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOINSERTALINK
1. Either: placethecursorwhereyouwishthelinktoappear,or selectastringoftextthatthelinkshouldreplace.

2. ClicktheLinkbutton. TheLinkwindowopens. 3. Choosethetypeofresourcetolinkto. Therelevantresourceswillbelistedontheright.Ifyouhadselectedsometextthatmatchesa possibledestination,suchas"Figure2",thetypeanddestinationwillbepreselectedforyou. 4. Clickthedestination. Or,ifyouareinsertingalinktoaninternetresource,entertheaddress("http://"isoptional),andthe textthatshouldbeusedforthelink. 5. ClickOK. Thelinkappearsinthetext

TOMODIFYALINK
1. Placethecursorwithinthelink. 2. ClicktheLinkbutton. TheLinkwindowopens,allowingyoutospecifythelinkoptions.See'Toinsertalink'.

TOSEARCHFORLINKS
1. Selectsometext. 2. UseTools>FindandMarkLinks.

TOGOTOALINK'SDESTINATION
1. RightclickthelinkandchooseFollowLink.

TODELETEALINKCOMPLETELY
1. Deletethelinktext.

TOREMOVEALINK
1. Placethecursorwithinthelink. 2. ClicktheRemoveLinkbutton. Thelinkisremoved,butthetextisretained.

Insertingsymbols
RevManallowsyoutoinsertcharactersandsymbolsthatcanbepublishedinTheCochraneLibrary.Itdoesnot supportothercharactersandsymbolsbecausetheuserofthereviewwouldnotbeabletoseethese.

TOINSERTASYMBOL
1. ClicktheInsertSymbolbutton. 2. Selectthesymboltoinsert. 3. ClickOK.

Insertinganalysisresults
Youcaninserttheresultofananalysis(summaryestimateplus95%confidenceintervals)intothetextofthe reviewasastringprovidedbyRevMan.

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Maintext

TOINSERTANANALYSISRESULT
1. Placethecursoratthepointinthetextwhereyouwishtoinserttheresult. 2. ChooseFormat>InsertAnalysisResults. TheInsertAnalysisResultswindowopens,showingallcomparisonsandoutcomes. 3. Clicktheoutcomethatyouwishtoinsertresultsfrom. Theanalysisresultsofthehighlightedoutcomewillbeshownintheboxbelowthelist. Note:Onlyoutcomessettocalculatetotalsandsubtotalswillgeneratearesultthatcanbeinserted. Formoreinformationtotals,seeOutcomeproperties. 4. ClickOK. Theresultsareinsertedinthetext. Note:Resultsareinsertedasordinarytext,whichcanbeedited.Whenresultshavebeeninserted,theyarenot updatedautomaticallyiftheanalysischanges.

Publishednotes
Publishednotesisanoptionalsectionofthemaintextthatcanbeusedfornotestobepublishedwiththe review.Ifyouhavenotesthatapplytospecificsections,youmaybeabletoinserttheseasFootnotes. InadditiontothePublishednotesandfootnotes,youcanattachInternalnotestoanysectionofthereview. Thesewillnotbepublished.

Trackchanges
YoucanusetheTrackChangesfeaturetorecordmostchangesmadetothereviewtext,sothattheycan subsequentlybeacceptedorrejected.

TORECORDCHANGESYOUMAKE
1. ClicktheTrackChangesbuttononthetoolbar. Insertedtextwillbeingreen,anddeletedtextwillbeinred,withstrikethrough. Tip:enteryournameunderGeneralpreferencestohaveyournamerecordedforthechangesyoumake.

Resolvingchanges
Youcanreviewandacceptorrejectchangesindividually,asyoucomeacrosstheminthetext,oryoucanusea functiontogothrougheachchange. Whenyouseeanindividualchangeinthetext,pausingthecursoroverthechangedisplaysatooltipthat showswhenthechangewasmadeandbywhom.

TORESOLVEANINDIVIDUALCHANGE
1. RightclickthechangedtextandchooseAcceptChangeorRejectChange.

TORESOLVEMULTIPLECHANGES
1. UseTools>AcceptorRejectChanges. TheAcceptorRejectChangeswindowopens. 2. TofindthenextchangeafterthecursorpositionclicktheFindbutton. Ifachangeisfound,itwillbeselectedintheTextofReviewpane. 3. ClickAcceptorRejectasappropriate. Thenextchangefoundwillbehighlighted. Ifyouwishtoacceptorrejectallfurtherchangesautomatically,useAcceptAllorRejectAll. 4. Repeat3asneeded. 5. ClickOK.

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RevMan5UserGuide YoucanalsoacceptallchangeswithoutreviewingthembyusingtheGlobalreplacefunction.

Publicationandtrackchanges
Ifareviewthatcontainstrackedchangesismarkedforpublication,theversionpublishedwillincludeallthe changesasiftheyhadbeenaccepted,withnospecialformatting.

Findandreplace
YoucanusetheFindfunctiontolocatetextinthewholereview,exceptforsectionsthatarecollapsed.See Collapsingandexpandingsections. TheReplacefunctionallowsyoutoreplacethefoundtextinnearlyallofthereview,withtheexceptionof protectedtextsections.Examplesofprotectedtextincludethefixedandoptionalheadings,whichyoucannot modify,andthereferences,whichyoucanonlymodifyontheirownseparatetabs. TheGlobalreplacefunctionworksonmoresections,butdoesnotallowyoutoreviewchangesindividually.

TOFINDTEXT
1. UseEdit>Find. TheFindwindowopens. 2. Enterthetextstringyouwishtofind. Tip:ifyouhadselectedsometextbeforeopeningtheFindwindow,theselectionwillautomaticallybe suggestedasthetexttofind. 3. Specifyanyadditionalcriteria. Youcanselectoneormoreofthefollowingoptions: Matchcase Findwholewordsonly(e.g.searchingforsumwiththisoptionselectedwouldfindsumbut notsummary) Ignoreprotectedtext Formatting:Bold,Italic,Underline,Superscript,Subscript,andTextMarker.

4. ClickFind. Ifthetextstringisfound,itwillbeshownintheTextofReviewtab. 5. Ifyouwishtolookforfurtheroccurrences,repeatstep4. 6. ClickCancelwhenyouhavefinished.

TOREPLACETEXT
1. UseEdit>Replace. TheReplacewindowopens. 2. Enterthetextyouwishtofindandspecifyanyadditionalcriteriasee'Tofindtext'. 3. Enterthetextyouwishtoreplacethefoundtextwith. Ifyouleavethisfieldblank,usingReplaceorReplaceallwilldeletethefoundtextwithout replacement. 4. ClickFind. Repeatifnecessaryuntilyouhavelocatedthefirstoccurrenceofthetextstringthatyouwishto replace. 5. Either: ClickReplacetoreplacethecurrentlyselectedoccurrence. Repeatthistoreplaceadditionaloccurrenceoneatatime. ClickReplaceAlltoreplacealoccurrencesofthesearchstring. Note:Youcannotreplaceprotectedtext,suchasheadings.

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Maintext 6. ClickCancelwhenyouhavefinished. Tip:CtrlFandCtrlRarethekeyboardshortcutsforFindandReplace.

Globalreplace
Theglobalreplacefunctionhastwooveralluses: Replacingaparticularstringoftextwithanotherstring.ThisissimilartoFindandreplace,butalso affectssectionsthatarenoteditableorvisibleintheTextofReviewpane,suchasprotectedtext(e.g. references)orcollapsedsections. Makingachangethroughoutthereview,suchasdeletingallnotes.

Notethatyoucannotcombinethetwouses;whenyouchooseoneofthebottomoptions,thefunctionto replacetextisdisabled.

TOREPLACETEXT
1. ChooseEdit>GlobalReplace. TheGlobalreplacewindowopens. 2. Enterthetexttofind,andthetexttoreplacewith. 3. ClickOK.

TOREMOVEALLMARKER,ACCEPTALLCHANGESORDELETEALLNOTES
1. ChooseEdit>GlobalReplace. TheGlobalreplacewindowopens. 2. Selectonormoreofthefollowingoptions: GloballyRemoveAllMarker.Thisremovesalltextmarker(theyellowhighlight),butleaves themarkedtext. GloballyAcceptTrackedChanges.Thisacceptsalltrackedchangeswithoutreviewingthem individually. GloballyDeleteNotes.Thisdeletesallnotesfromthereview.

3. ClickOK.

Importingtext
RevMancanimportthemaintextofthereviewfromfilesinHTMLformat.Butthefilemusthavethecorrect headings,andcannothavetoomuchextraformatting.Thefunctionisprimarilyintendedforimportingfiles thatwereoriginallyexportedfromRevMan(seeExportingtext). Warning:IfyoueditRevManHTMLfilesinMicrosoftWordandimportthembackintoRevMan,checkthe resultscarefully.Forexample,youwillmostlikelyhavetoreapplythecorrectparagraphformattingforall bulletedandnumberedlists.

TOIMPORTTEXT
1. UseFile>Import>TextofReview. TheImportTextWizardopens. 2. ClickNext. TheOpenwindowopens. 3. Locateandclickthefileyouwishtoimport.ClickOpen. Thewizardshowsapreviewofthechosenfile.Tochooseadifferentfile,clicktheOpenbutton. 4. ClickNext. Thewizardshowsalistofthetextsections.Ifyouclickasectionname,thepaneontherightshows whatwouldbeimportedforthatsection. 21

RevMan5UserGuide 5. SelectthesectionstoimportandclickFinish. Thenumberofsuccessfullyimportedsectionsisreported. 6. ClickOK.

22

Tables
Abouttables
TherearefivetypesoftableinRevMan: Tablesinmaintextoptional,usedforpresentinglimitedamountsinformationintabularformat withinthemainbodyoftext. Characteristicsofstudiestablesmandatorytablesusedforrecordingthecharacteristicsofstudies thatareincluded,excluded,awaitingclassification,orongoing.Eachtypeofstudyhasanumberof predefinedattributes,andyoucanincludeadditionalattributes. Riskofbiastablesoptional,usedforadditionalcharacteristicsofincludedstudies.Theyarecalled Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesindiagnosticreviews. Summaryoffindingstablesoptional,canbegeneratedwithGradeProfilersoftwareandimportedas readonlytables,orcreatedwithinRevMan. Additionaltablesoptional,usedfortablesthataretoolarge,ornotsufficientlyimportanttobein themainbodyoftext.

Appearanceofpublishedtables
RevMandoesnotreproducetheexactappearanceoftablesastheywillbepublishedinTheCochraneLibrary.

Tablesinmaintext
Youcanusetableswithinthemainbodyoftext.

Constructingintexttables TOINSERTATABLE
1. Positionthecursorwhereyouwishatabletoappear 2. ClicktheTablebutton. Atablecontainingthreerowsandthreecolumnswillbeinserted.

TOADDROWSORCOLUMNS
1. Rightclickatablecellwhereyouwishthenewroworcolumntoappear. 2. ChooseeitherInsertRowAbove,InsertRowBelow,InsertColumnToTheLeft,orInsertColumnTo TheRight.

TOREMOVEROWSORCOLUMNS
1. Toremovemultiplerowsorcolumns,selectaseriesofcellsthatspantherowsorcolumnsyouwishto remove. 2. Rightclickacellintherowsorcolumnsyouwishtoremove. 3. ChooseDeleteRowsorDeleteColumns.

TOMERGECELLS
1. Selectthecellsyouwishtomerge 2. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseMergeCells

TOSPLITAMERGEDCELL
1. RightclickamergedcellandchooseSplitCells

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RevMan5UserGuide

Formattingtables
Inadditiontotheformattingthatisavailablewithinallofthemaintext,tableshavetwofurtheroptions: headingcells,andcellalignment.

TOMAKEACELLAHEADING
1. RightclickthecellandchooseToggleHeading/Cell Theheadingformattingisappliedtothecell. Youcanspecifytheverticalandhorizontaltextalignmentforeachcell.

EXAMPLE:TOSETAROWTOBEALIGNEDBOTTOMCENTRE
1. Selectthecellsintherow 2. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseAlignment>AlignCentre. 3. RightclickwithinthetableandchooseAlignment>AlignBottom.

Widthandheight
Youdonothavetospecifythewidthandheightoftablesorindividualcells.Instead,cells(andtherebyrow, columnsandtables)willexpandautomaticallytofitthecontent. Note:Ifacolumnistoowide,itisprobablybecauseoneofitscellscontainsalongword.RevMancanonly wrapthetextinacellwhenitcontainsaspace. Warning:DonothyphenatewordstoadjustthecolumnwidthsinRevMan;whenpublished,thetablesare almostcertaintohaveadifferentwidththanwhatyouseeinRevMan.

Characteristicsofstudiestables
Eachcategoryofstudy(included,excluded,awaitingclassificationandongoing)hasaspecialtablewhereyou providetheattributesoftherelevantstudies. SeealsoRiskofbiastables(InterventionandMethodologyreviews)andAssessmentofmethodological qualitytables(Diagnosticreviews).

TOENTERSTUDYCHARACTERISTICS
1. Locatethetableintheoutline. 2. Doubleclickthestudyforwhichyouwishtoenterthedata. IntheTextofreviewtab,thetextcursormovestothefirstfieldinthetable 3. Enterthecharacteristics. Tip:UsetheTabkeytomovetothenextrow;useShiftTabtomoveuponerow.

Userdefinedcharacteristics
Thefourtableshaveapredefinedsetofstandardcharacteristics,butyoucanalsoadduptothreeuserdefined characteristicsforeachstudycategory.

TOADDUSERDEFINEDCHARACTERISTICS:
1. Openthetableproperties. Clickthetableintheoutline,andtheclickthePropertiesbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. 2. Selectuptothreeuserdefinedcharacteristics. 3. EnteraHeadingforeachcharacteristic. 4. ClickOK.

Orderingstudies
Studiesinthecharacteristicstablescanbeorderedinthreeways:

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Tables StudyIDsortedalphabeticallybythestudyID.Thisisthedefaultsetting. YearofStudysortedontheYearfieldofthestudy'sproperties(andthenalphabeticallybyStudyID). Studieswithoutayeararelistedfirst. Userdefinedordersortedbytheuserbymovingstudiesupanddownintheoutline.

TOCHOOSEASORTORDER:
1. Openthetableproperties. Clickthetableintheoutline,andtheclickthePropertiesbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. 2. ChoosetheorderyouwantfromtheSortBypulldownlist. 3. ClickOK.

TOSPECIFYAUSERDEFINEDORDER:
1. Clickoneofthestudiesyouwishtoreorder. 2. ClicktheMoveUporMoveDownbuttonsintheoutlinetoolbartomovethestudy. Note:thesebuttonsareonlyactiveifyouhavesetthetabletouserdefinedorder. 3. Repeatsteps1and2,untilthestudiesareinthedesiredorder.

Riskofbiastables
EachincludedstudyhasaRiskofbiastable.Eachrowinthetableconsistsof: Ariskofbiasitem,e.g.'Allocationconcealment?'. Tip:Toseetheunderlyingquestioninfull,pausethecursorovertheitemtohavedisplayatooltip text. Theauthors'judgmentforthatitem,whereYesindicatesalowriskofbias. Adescriptionthatexplainshowthejudgmentwasreached.

Youcanchoosebetweenanumberofpredefinedriskofbiasitems,andaddyourown.Someriskofbiasitems areassessedforthestudyasawholewhileothersmustbeassessedattheoutcomelevel. Formoreinformationontherationaleanduseofuseriskofbiastables,seetheHandbook. TheRiskofbiastablesarecalledAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesindiagnosticreviews.

TOACTIVATEANITEM
1. OpenthepropertiesfortheRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofbiastableheading. 2. Selecttheitemyouwishtoactivate. Clickontheitemintheleftpane.Thepredefineditemsareblueandcannotbemodified,whileuser defineditemsareblack. 3. Iftheitemmustbeassessedattheoutcomelevel,addoneormoreoutcomegroups,see'Toaddan outcomelevelgroup'. 4. SelecttheActivatedcheckbox. Ifthecheckboxisgrayedout,itisbecauseoutcomegroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 5. ClickOK. Thepropertieswindowclosesandthenewitemisaddedtothetable.Ifyoudefinedmultipleoutcome groups,therewillbearowforeach.

TOADDAUSERDEFINEDITEM
1. OpenthepropertiesforRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofBiasTableheading,andgototheRiskofBiasTablestab.

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RevMan5UserGuide 2. Addthenewitem. ClicktheAddbuttonbeneaththeleftpane. Theitemwillbecreatedwiththedefaultname'Newitem'. 3. EditthenameintheItemfield. 4. InputtheFullQuestion. 5. Specifytheassessmentlevel. 6. Activatetheitem(seeabove). 7. ClickOK.

Studyoroutcomelevelassessment
Someriskofbiasitemsareassessedforthestudyasawhole(e.g.'Allocationconcealment?')whileothersmust beassessedattheoutcomelevel(e.g.'Blinding'). Touseassessmentattheoutcomelevel,youmust: havecreatedtherelevantoutcomes,seeConstructingacomparisontable,and addoneormoreoutcomelevelgroups.

TOADDANOUTCOMELEVELGROUP
1. OpenthepropertiesfortheRiskofbiastables. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttotheRiskofbiastableheading,andgototheRiskofBiasTablestab. 2. Selecttheitemyouwishtochange. Clickontheitemintheleftpane. 3. ClicktheAddbuttontotherightofthelistofoutcomegroups. Anewgroupwiththelabel'Alloutcomes'iscreated. 4. Modifythelabeloftheoutcomegroup. 5. Selecttheoutcomesthatshouldbepartofthegroupfromthelistbelow. 6. Repeatsteps3to5tocreatethenumberofgroupsyourequire. 7. Ifneeded,activatetheitem. 8. ClickOK.

Blankentriesandpublication
IfaRiskofbiastablecontainsanitemwithanemptydescriptionfieldandthejudgementissetto'Unclear',this rowofthetablewillnotbepublishedwiththereviewinTheCochraneLibrary.Thisisawayforauthorsto includeanitemforonestudy,butnotothers.

AllocationconcealmentinformationfromRevMan4reviews
InRevMan4reviews,allocationconcealmentispartoftheCharacteristicsofincludedstudiestable.Whena reviewisconvertedfromRevMan4format,thisinformationmaybetransferredtotheRiskofbiastable accordingly: RevMan4 AAdequate BUnclear CInadequate RevMan5 Judgment Yes Unclear No Description AAdequate BUnclear CInadequate

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Tables

DNotused

Unclear

DNotused

Summaryoffindingstables
SummaryofFindingstablescanbegeneratedandaddedtoRevManintwoways: PreparedinGradeProfilerandimportedtoRevMan.Thisistherecommendedoption. PreparedusingRevMan'stablecomponent.

TOIMPORTASUMMARYOFFINDINGSTABLE
1. RightclicktheSummaryofFindingsTablesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddSummaryof FindingsTable. TheNewSummaryofFindingsTableWixrasopens. 2. ToacceptthedefaultoptiontoImportTheTableFromaFileCreatedinGRADEprofiler,clickNext. 3. Choosethefiletoimport,andclickOpen. ThefilemustalreadyhavebeencreatedandsavedfromGRADEprofiler. 4. ClickFinish. FormoreinformationonSummariesoffindingssee,section11.5intheHandbook.

Additionaltables
Additionaltableshaveallthefunctionalityoftablesinmaintext,buthavesomeadditionalcharacteristics: TheyhaveaTitle(whichcanbeeditedonthetable'sProperties). Theycanhavefootnotes. Theycanbelinkedtointhemaintext.

Tocreateanadditionaltable 1. RightclicktheAdditionalTableheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddTable. TheNewAdditionalTableWizardopens. 2. Gothoughthestepsinthewizard. Specifyatitleandthenumberofrowsandcolumns. 3. ClickFinish Youcanalsocreateadditionaltablesbytransformingatablefromthemaintextoranappendix.

TOMOVETEXTTABLETOADDITONALTABLES
RightclickanywherewithinthetableandchooseMovetoAdditionalTables. Youcanchoosewhethertoinsertalinktothenewtableatthelocationitwasmovedfrom. Tip:Tocreateanaddtionaltablefromatableinanothersource,e.g.MicrosoftWord,youuseanappendixasa temporaryclipboard.Firstaddanewappendix,andpastethetableintotheappendix.Thenmovethetableto AdditionalTables,anddeletetehappendixagain.

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Studiesandreferences
Aboutstudiesandreferences
Studies
Astudywillhaveoneormorereferencesandmaybeusedintheanalysis.Thebasicattributesofastudyare: StudyIDalabelidentifyingthestudy,whichisusedinthedatatablesandinlinkstothestudyinthe text.Thestandardformatis"Cochrane1970" yearthestudywasconducted oneormorereferences.

Studiesaredividedintofourcategories: Includedstudiesstudiesthatmeettheinclusioncriteria. Excludedstudiesstudiesthatdonotmeettheinclusioncriteria,butappeartodoso. Studiesawaitingclassificationstudiesthathavebeenidentified,butnotyetfullyassessedfor inclusionorexclusionbytheauthors. Ongoingstudiesstudiesthatarenotyetcompleted,butarelikelytobeconsideredforinclusionin thefuture.

SeealsoCharacteristicsofstudiestables Youcanaddstudiesonebyone,orcreateseveralstudiesatatimebyimportingtheirreferences. SeealsoOrganisingstudies.

References
Therearefourtypesofreferences: Referencestostudies Otherreferences Additionalreferences(citedinthetext) Otherpublishedversionsofthisreview Classificationpendingreferences

ReferencesofthetypeOtherreferencesallhaveaReferenceIDthatissimilarinfunctiontotheStudyID(see above). SeealsoEditingreferencesandImportingreferences.

OrganisingstudiesandReferences
Thearethreewaysyoucanworkwithstudiesandreferencesintheoutline: Withtherightclickmenu. Usingdraganddrop. Usingthekeyboardtocut,copyandpaste.

Movingmultipleelements
Youcanselectmultipleelementswhichallowsyoutomoveordeleteallofthematthesametime.

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Studiesandreferences

TOSELECTMULTIPLEELEMENTSONEATATIME
1. Clickthefirstrecordyouwanttoselect. 2. WhileholdingdowntheCtrlkey,clickeachadditionalrecordyouwanttohighlight.Eachrecordwillbe highlighted. Toselectaseriesofrecords 1. Clickthefirstrecordintheseriesyouwanttohighlight. 2. HolddowntheShiftkeyandclickthelastrecordintheseriesyouwanttohighlight.Allrecordsin betweenwillalsobehighlighted.

Importingreferences
Youcanimportreferencesfromothersourcesintoyourreview.Theprocesshastwomainsteps,oneofwhich takesplacewithinRevMan: First,outsideofRevMan,retrievethereferencesyouwantandsavetheminaformatRevMancan open(seePreparingareferencefileimmediatelybelow). Then,withinRevMan,importthefileandorganisethereferences.

Preparingareferencefile
RevMancanreadthreereferenceformats: RISformatagenericformatsupportedbymostreferencemanagementsoftware. PubmedMEDLINEformatfilesdownloadedfromPubMedusingMEDLINEformat. RevManformatsupportedbyRevMan4and5;canbegeneratedfromreferencemanagement softwarebyusingtherelevantoutputstyle.SeetheRevManwebsiteatwww.ccims.net/RevManfor updatedoutputstyles.

ToimportyourreferencestoRevMan,youmusthavesavedtheminatextfileinoneofthesethreeformats somewhereonyourcomputer.

Importing TOIMPORTREFERENCES
1. UseFile>Import>References. TheImportReferencesWizardopens. 2. GothroughthestepsintheWizard. 3. ClickFinish.

Editingreferences
YoucanenteroreditreferencesdirectlyinRevMan.Eachreferenceopensinaseparatetab,whereitisedited inastructuredformatwithafieldforeachelement.Onareferencetabyouwillsee: ReferenceIDorStudyID.IfthereferenceisanOtherreference,thereferenceIDcanbeeditedhere. Forstudyreferences,theStudyIDisdisplayed,butcannotbeedited(tomodifyit,editthestudy;orto chooseadifferentstudy,movethereference). ReferenceType.Foreachtype,somefieldsarerequiredandothersoptional. Forstudyreferencesonly:optiontoselectastheprimaryreference. Thefieldsthatmakeupthereference. Asectionforoptionalidentifierfields,suchasMedlineID. Apreviewpaneshowingtheformattedreference. 29

RevMan5UserGuide

TOEDITAREFERENCE
1. Locatethereferenceintheoutlineanddoubleclickit. Thereferenceopensinatab. 2. ChoosetheReferencetypefromthepulldownlist. 3. Entertheinformationintherelevantfields. Fieldsthatarerequiredforthechosenreferencetypeareshownwithaboldlabel. 4. Whendoneediting,closethereferencetab.

Formattinginreferences
Youcaninsertsymbolsandapplytextmarkerinallreferencefields,butinmostfieldsyoucannotapplyany otherformatting.TheexceptionistheEnglishtitleandOriginaltitlefiledwhereyoucanalsoapplyitalics, superscriptandsubscriptsee'Characterformatting'intheMaintextsection.

Thelistofjournals
Insteadoftypinginthejournalname,youcanchooseitfromapredefinedlistofjournalnames.

TOUSETHELISTOFJOURNALS
1. RightclickinthefieldforenteringJournal/book/sourceanduseChooseFromList. TheChooseaJournalwindowopens. 2. Clickthejournalyouwishtoinsert. TIP:Youcanusethekeyboardtoquicklynavigateinthelist.Typeoneormoreletterstojumptothe firstjournalthatbeginswiththeletter(s). 3. ClickOK. TheWindowclosesandthejournalnameisinserted,replacinganytextpreviouslyinthefield. YoucaneditthelistofjournalsavailableinyourversionofRevManbyeditingthefollowingfile: [installationfolder]\misc\journals.txt ThedefaultinstallationfolderonWindowsis'C:\ProgramFiles\ReviewManager5\'.

Primaryreference
Ifastudyhasmorethanonereference,oneofthemcanbeselectedastheprimaryreference.

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Dataandanalyses
Constructingacomparisontable
CochraneInterventionreviewsarebasedonthecomparisonoftwointerventions,andthecomparisontable reflectsthis.Studieswillbeanalysedastwowaycomparisons(e.g.Xversuscontrol,orXversusY). Thecomparisontablehasamaximumofthreelevels: comparisons, theiroutcomes, andtheirsubgroups,ifany.

Youcreatethecomparisontablebyaddingyourcomparisons,andthenaddingtherelevantoutcomesand subgroups.Whenyouhavecreatedyouroutcomes,youcanaddstudiestotheseforuseintheanalysis,see Addingstudiestoananalysis.Whenthecomparisontablehasbeencreatedandstudieshavebeenadded,you willbeabletoenterthedataforthereviewseeEnteringdata. Othertypesofreviewhaveotherwaysofhandlingtheanalyses,seeDataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews.

Comparisons TOADDACOMPARISON
1. RightclicktheDataandAnalysesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddComparison. TheNewComparisonWizardopens. 2. EnteraNameforthecomparison. Youcantypeinthename,orbasethenameonthatofanexistingcomparison.Todoso: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofallcomparisons. 2. Choosethecomparisonyouwishtobasethenameon. 3. Editthename. 3. ClickFinish. Otherwaysofaddingacomparison: ClicktheDataandAnalysesheadingintheoutline,andthenclicktheAddbuttononthetoolbar. ClicktheAddComparisonbuttonintheDataandanalysessectionintheTextofReview.

Outcomes TOADDANOUTCOME
1. RightclicktherelevantcomparisonintheoutlineandchooseAddOutcome. TheNewOutcomeWizardopens. 2. Choosethedatatypefortheoutcome. 3. ClickNext. 4. EnteraNamefortheoutcome. Youcantypeinthename,orusethenameofanexistingoutcome.Touseanexistingname: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofalloutcomes. 2. Choosetheoutcomenameyouwishtouse.Youcaneditthename,ifnecessary. 5. ClickFinish. Whenyouhavecreatedanoutcome,youcandefinethedetailsoftheanalysisbymodifyingthepropertiesof theoutcome.SeeOutcomeproperties.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Subgroups TOADDASUBGROUP
1. RightclicktherelevantoutcomeintheoutlineandchooseAddSubgroup. TheNewSubgroupWizardopens. 2. EnteraNamefortheSubgroup. Youcantypeinthename,orusethenameofanexistingsubgroup.Todoso: 1. ClickthedownarrowattheendoftheNameboxtoopenapulldownlistofallsubgroups. 2. Choosethesubgroupnameyouwishtouse.Youcaneditthename,ifnecessary. 3. ClickFinish. Outcomescancontaineitherstudiesorsubgroups(whichcontainstudies).Ifstudieshavebeenaddedtoan outcome,youcannotalsoaddsubgroups.Ifyoudoneedtousesubgroupsforthatoutcome,youcanusethe IntroduceSubgroupoptiontocreateasubgroupandmoveallthestudiestothis.

Comparisonproperties
Youcanusethecomparisonpropertieswindowtomodify: Thenameofthecomparison. Thegrouplabelsusedinalloutcomesforthatcomparison.

TOCHANGETHEGROUPLABELSFORALLOUTCOMESFORACOMPARISON:
1. Opentheoutcomeproperties ClicktheoutcomeandtheclickthePropertiesbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. 2. SelectSetGroupLabelsForAllOutcomes. 3. Enterthelabelsyouwishtouse. Note:Evenifyouonlywishtomodifyoneofthelabels,youmustfillinbothinGroupLabel1and GroupLabel2.Ifyouleaveoneblank,thiswouldbeappliedtoalloutcomes. 4. ClickOK. Thenewlabelsareappliedtoalloutcomesforthatcomparison.

Outcomeproperties
Whenyouhavecreatedanoutcome,youcandefinethedetailsoftheanalysisbymodifyingthepropertiesof theoutcome.

TOMODIFYANOUTCOME
1. RightclicktheoutcomeintheoutlineandchooseProperties. 2. UsetheGeneraltabtomodifytheName,DataTypeandGrouplabels. Notethatchangingthedatatypewillmeanthatanydataalreadyenteredwillbelost. 3. UsetheAnalysisMethodtabtosettheStatisticalMethod,AnalysisModelandEffectMeasureoptions. 4. UsetheAnalysisDetailstabtospecifyoptionsforTotals,confidenceintervals,andsomeadvanced options. 5. UsetheGraphtabtospecifyoptionsforthegraphappearance. 6. ClickOKwhenfinished. Note:OutcomesofthetypeOtherDatahaveaseparatesetofproperties.Theseonlyallowsyoutospecifythe Name,andthenumberofrowsandcolumnsinthedatatable.

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Dataandanalyses

Generaloptions
UsetheoutcomeNametodescribetheoutcome. YoucanchoosebetweenthefollowingDatatypes: Dichotomous:numberofeventsandparticipantsinthetwogroups. Continuous:numberofparticipants,meanandstandarddeviationforthetwogroups. OEandVariance:numberofeventsandparticipants,andprecalculatedobservedexpected(OE) andvariance. GenericInverseVariance:precalculatedestimateoftreatmenteffectandstandarderrorofestimate. OtherData:dataofallothertypes,enteredinafreetexttable.

TheGroupLabels(1and2)areusedasheadingsinthedatatables,andarepublishedonthoseanalysesgraphs thatareincludedasfigures.Thedefaultlabelsare'Experimental'and'Control'.Youcaneditthelabelsforan individualoutcomeontheoutcomeproperties,butyoucanalsochangethelabelsusedinalloutcomesfora comparison,seeComparisonproperties.

AnalysisMethodoptions
TheStatisticalMethodoptionsavailabledependonthedatatype,andinturndeterminewhatanalysismodel andeffectmeasureoptionsareavailable.

AnalysisDetailsoptions
TheoptionsforTotalsdetermineswhethertheanalysiswillshowtotalsfortheentireoutcome,forsub categoriesonly,ornotshowanytotals. StudyconfidenceintervalandTotalconfidenceintervalwillbeusedasthedefaultvalueswhenthereviewis publishedinTheCochraneLibrary.Ifyouwanttospecifythedefaultconfidenceintervalstobeappliedtoany newoutcomeinRevManuseSettings:Statistical. Advancedoptions: Testforsubgroupdifferences. Swapeventandnonevent. Entereddataareonlogscale(genericinversevarianceonly). Ratiomeasuressuchasoddsratios,riskratiosandhazardratiosshouldbeenteredasln(effectsize) andSE[ln(effectsize)].Nonratiomeasuressuchasmeandifferencesandriskdifferencesshouldbe enteredintheiroriginalmetric.Thedataenteredwillbeusedinthemetaanalysis.However,when theresultsarepresented,theratiomeasureswillbeconvertedtotheiroriginalmetric(oddsratio etc.)andtheinformationenteredherewilldeterminewhetherthishappens. Enternumberofparticipants(genericinversevariance,fordisplayonly). Selectthischeckboxifyouwanttoenterthenumberofparticipantsinthetwocomparedgroupsinto thedatatable.Thesedataareprovidedfordisplaypurposesonlyandarenotusedinthemeta analysis.

Graphoptions
LeftGraphLabel,RightGraphLabelareusedbeneaththeanalysisgraph.Thedefaultsare'Favours experimentals',and'Favourscontrol'. YoucanusetheScaleoptiontosetthegraphscaletoanynumericalvalue.Youcanalsomodifythescaleby usingthesliderbeneaththegraph,seeAnalysisgraphs. YoucanchoosetheorderinwhichthestudiesappearbyusingtheSortbyoption.IfyouchooseUserDefined order,youcanusetheMoveupandMoveDownbuttonsontheoutlinetoolbartoreorderthestudies.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Addingstudiestoananalysis
Beforestudiescanbeaddedtoananalysis: ThestudiesmustbeintheIncludedStudiessection. Youmusthaveconstructedacomparisontable.

TOADDSTUDIES
1. RightclicktheoutcomeorsubgroupandchooseAddStudyData. TheNewStudyDataWizardopens. Note:Ifanoutcomehassubgroups,youcanonlyaddstudiesatthesubgrouplevel. 2. Choosethestudiesyouwishtoadd. Tip:YoucanuseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)andShiftclicktoselectmultiplestudies. 3. ClickFinish. Youcannowbeginenteringdataforthestudies.

Enteringdata
Toenterdataforastudy,youmustfirsthaveaddedthestudytoananalysis.Datacanbeeithertypedinor pastedin,e.g.fromaspreadsheet. Asyouenterdata,thesearedynamicallyupdatedintheAnalysisgraph.

TOOPENADATATABLE
1. Clicktheoutcomeyouwishtoenterdatafor. 2. ClicktheEditOutcomebuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. Theoutcomedatatableandanalysiswillopeninanewtab.

TOPASTEDATA
1. Inthesourcedocument,copythedata. 2. InRevMan,clickthetopleftcelloftheareaintowhichyouwanttoaddthedata. 3. ClickthePastebuttononthetoolbar.

Doubledataentry
RevMandoesnotprovidefunctionalityfordoubledataentry,butyoucanuseaspreadsheetfordoingthisand thenpastetheverifieddataintoRevMan. Atemplatespreadsheetfordoingdoubledataentryisbeingprepared,andwillbemadeavailablefor downloadwhenready. SeealsoSensitivityanalysis.

Analysisgraphs
Eachoutcometabcontainsananalysisgraphthatisdynamicallyupdatedasyouenterorcorrectthedatainthe datatable(exceptforoutcomesofthetype'Otherdata',whichdonothaveananalysisgraph).

Graphscale
Youcansetthescaleofagraphintwoways: usingthescaleslideratthebottomofthegraph,or enteringaspecificvalueontheoutcomeproperties.

Thesliderletsyousetthescaletoawide,butnotunlimited,rangeofvalues.However,youcanspecifyany scalevalueontheoutcomeproperties.

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Dataandanalyses

Viewinggraphs
ClicktheForestPlotbuttontoopenthegraphinaseparatewindow.

Includinggraphsasfigures
SeeFiguresgeneratedbyRevMan.

Copyingorsavinggraphs
Tocopyorsaveagraph,viewitbyclickingtheForestPlotbutton.YoucanthenusetheoptionsforCopyinga figuretotheclipboard,orSavingafigureasafile.

Funnelplots
TOVIEWAFUNNELPLOTFORANOUTCOME
1. Openthedatatablefortheoutcome. 2. ClicktheFunnelPlotbutton. Thefunnelplotopensinanewwindow. Topublishafunnelplotwiththereview,includeitasafigure.

Funnelplotoptions
IfyouincludeaFunnelplotasafigure,youwillbeabletospecifyanumberofoptionsforitsappearance.You cansettheseunderDrawingOptionsonthefigure'sProperties.

Sensitivityanalysis
Ifyouwishtoperformsensitivityanalysis,youcantemporarilyomitsomeofthestudiesusedinanoutcomeor subgroupfromtheanalysis.Suchexclusionswillbestoredinthereviewfilewhileyouareworkingonit,but youcannotsubmitareviewforpublicationifstudieshavebeenomittedfromanalysis. Note:SensitivityanalysisforDiagnosticreviewsisnotpossiblewithinRevMan. Note:Analysesincludedasfiguresareautomaticallyupdated,soifstudiesaretemporarilyomittedthiswillbe reflectedinthefigures.

TOOMITASTUDY
1. Clickthecheckboxinfrontofthestudyname. Thecheckmarkisremoved,andthestudynolongercontributestotheanalysis. Tip:Youcanomitwholesubgroupsbyremovingtheircheckmark.

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Figures
Aboutfigures
Youcanincludetwotypesoffiguresinareview: FiguresgeneratedbyRevManthesearegraphsgeneratedbyRevManfromthedatayouhave entered.SeeFiguresgeneratedbyRevMan. Figuresfromfilesthesecanbeanytypeofpicture,generatedinsoftwareotherthanRevMan,and savedinaformatthatRevMancanopen.SeeAddingafigurefromafile.

AllfiguresareconsistentlynamedFigure[number].Youcannoteditthenamesoffigures,butyoucanadd descriptivetextintheircaptions.Youcanchangetheorderoffiguresandrenumberthemtoensurea unbrokenseriesofnumbers,seeOrderingandrenumberingfigures.

Publicationoffigures
Afiguremustbelinkedinthetextforittobepublished. Youcanselectthemostimportantforestplotsandfunnelplotstobedisplayedmoreprominentlyasfigures withinthepublishedreview.Adviceonhowtochoosethefigurestobeemphasizedinthiswaywillbeavailable intheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsofInterventions. Inadditiontothefiguresyouinclude,theforestplotsofallanalyseswillbemadeavailableinaseparate sectionofthepublishedreview.Thesettingsyouhavespecifiedwillbeusedtodisplaythese.

FiguresgeneratedbyRevMan
RevMancangenerateavarietyoffiguresthatyoucanincludeinyourreview.Themaintypesare: AnalysisgraphssuchasforestplotsandSROCcurves. Funnelplots. RiskofbiasfiguresinDiagnosticreviews,thesearecalled'Methodologicalquality'figures.

IncludingaRevManfigureinyourreviewisatwostepprocess: 1. First,createthefigureintheFiguressection. 2. Thenaddalinktothefigurewithinthetextofthereview. Whenafigurehasbeencreated,itwillbeupdatedautomaticallyiftheunderlyingdataarechanged.

TOCREATEAFIGURE
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutline,andclickAddfigure. TheNewFigureWizardopens. 2. SelectthetypeoffigureandclickNext. 3. Ifyouarecreatingaforestplot,funnelplotorSROCplot,choosetheanalysisoroutcometouseinthe figureandclickNext. Selectanitemintheleftpanetoseeapreviewofthefigureintherightpane. RiskofbiasandMethodologicalqualityfiguresdonotrequirethisstep. 4. Modifythecaption,ifnecessary. RevMansuggestsacaptionautomatically,basedonthenameoftheanalysisoroutcomeused. 5. ClickFinish. Thefigureiscreatedwiththelowestavailablenumber. Whenafigurehasbeenadded,youmustcreatealinktoitinthetexttoensureitispublished.

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Figures SeealsoAddingafigurefromafile

Riskofbiasfigures
YoucancreatetwotypesoffiguresfromthedataenteredintheRiskofbiastables: Ariskofbiasgraphisaplotofthedistributionofjudgments(Yes,UnclearandNo)acrossstudiesfor eachriskofbiasitem. ARiskofbiassummaryisasummarytableofreviewauthors'judgmentsforeachriskofbiasitemfor eachstudy.

TheRiskofbiasfiguresarecalled'Assessmentofmethodologicalquality...'figuresindiagnosticreviews.

Addingafigurefromafile
ThissectiondescribeshowtoaddfigurescreatedinsoftwareotherthanRevMan,butyoucanalsoaddgraphs generatedbyRevManasfigures,seeFiguresgeneratedbyRevManforhowtodothis. Beforeyoucanaddthefigure,youmustfirstprepareafileinthecorrectformat,seePreparingimagefiles'.

TOADDAFIGUREFROMAFILE
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutlineandthenclicktheAddbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. TheNewFigureWizardopens. 2. ChooseOtherfigureandclickNext. TheOpenwindowopens. 3. Navigatetothefolderwherethefileislocatedandselectthefile. Asmallpreviewoftheselectedfileisshownontheright. 4. ClickOpen. TheOpenwindowclosesandthechosenimageisshowninfullsizeintheNewFigureWizard.The pixelsizeoftheimageisshownbeneathit. 5. ClickNext. 6. EnteracaptionfortheFigure. 7. ClickFinish. Whenyouhaveaddedafigure,youshouldincludealinktoitinthetext,seeLinks.

Preparingimagefiles
BeforeyoucanaddthefiguretoRevMan,youmustfirstpreparethefilesothatitissuitableforpublication. Warning:Optimisingimagescanbeacomplextask,andthistextonlyprovidesanoverview.Ifyouhaveno previousexperiencewithimageediting,itisrecommendedthatyouobtainprofessionalguidanceorassistance. Thebasicprinciplesoutlinedhereare: Beawareofcopyrightissues. Cropifnecessary. Resizedownasnecessary,whileretainingdimensionsandlegibility. SavegraphsandtablesasPNG,photographsasJPEG. Checktheimagequalitycarefully.

Copyright Remembertoverifythatyoueitherownthecopyrightownershiporhavethewrittenconsentofthecopyright holderofanyimagesyouinclude.YouwillberequiredtoattesttothisontheLicenceforPublicationform.

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RevMan5UserGuide Editingimages Duringeditingyoucanlosedetailduetoresizingorcompression.Thereforeyoushouldalwayssaveaseparate copyoftheoriginalimage(orthedatausedtogenerateit)inthehighestpossiblequalitybeforeyoudoany editing.Thiswayyouretaintheoptionofmodifyingitdifferentlyatalaterdate,orsupplyingitinanimproved formatifotheroptionsbecomeavailable. Imageeditingsoftwaretypicallyhasalargenumberoffeatures,manyofwhichmightbeusedtoimprove images.Here,weconcentrateonthebasicsofpreparinganimage,butifyouhaveexperiencewithother featuressuchascontrastadjustment,orblurandsharpenfilters,youcanusethese. Pleaserefertothedocumentationforyourimageeditingsoftwarefordetailsonhowtoperformthetasks describedhere. Cropping Thefirststepineditinganimageistopresentonlythenecessaryinformation.Thisisespeciallyimportantwhen workingwithscreendumpsacquiredbyusingthePrintScreenkey.,Youshouldalwaysremoveanysurplus contentorblankspaceattheedges.Forgraphsandtables,leaveamarginofafewpixels.UsetheCrop featureofyoursoftwareforthis.YoucanalsouseRevMansTrimimagefunctionafterthefilehasbeen included. Ifthereiscaptionorheadingtextintheimage,itshouldberemovedfromtheimageandenteredinthe appropriatefieldinRevMan(seebelow).Anylegendsusedshouldremainintheimage. Resizing Althoughtheoriginalsyoubeginwithshouldgenerallybeinahighresolution,theimagespublishedwithyour reviewshouldbeofamanageablesizeforthereader.Thismeansthattheyshouldbekeptreasonablysmall, butneversosmallthattextbecomesillegible.Ifyourimageexceeds800pixelsinwidthevenaftercropping andcarefulresizing,youshouldconsideriftheinformationcouldbepresenteddifferently.Avoidchangingthe aspectratioofimages,unlessyouhaveagoodreasonto. Note:Youshouldbeparticularlycarefulwhenresizinggraphs,astheytypicallyhavelinesthatareonlyone pixelwide.Theselinescandisappearcompletelyifresizedincorrectly.Insuchcasesyouwillneedtoleavethe imageatitsoriginalsize. SavinginaformatacceptedbyRevMan RevMancanaccepttwofileformats:PNGandJPG.Choosingthebestformatinvolvesmatchingthecontentsof theimagewiththecharacteristicsofthevariousformats. Forlinedrawingsorscreenshots,suchasgraphs,PNGisthebestformat. Forphotographs,JPEGwithahighquality(orlowcompression)settingisthebestformat.

ThesoftwareyouuseforpreparingtheimagesforRevManmayhaveafeaturewhereyoucanpreviewthe outputfilebeforesavingit,allowingyoutoexperimentfurtherwithoptimising. Verifyingquality WhenyouhavesavedtheimageinoneoftheformatssupportedbyRevMan,openthefileandcheckcarefully thattherearenoproblemswithquality.InJPEGfiles,lookoutforangularnoisepatternsnearedgescausedby toostrongcompression.InPNGfiles,checkthatalllinesandwritingisclear,andthatthecoloursoftheoriginal areretained. SeealsoAboutfigures.

Orderingandrenumberingfigures
Figuresshouldbenumberedintheorderthattheyarelinkedtointhetext.Youcannoteditafigure'snumber directly,butyoucanchangetheorderofyourfigureswiththeMoveUpandMovedownfunctions.

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Figures

TOREORDERFIGURES
1. RightclickthefigureyouwishtomoveandchooseMoveUporMoveDown. Thetwofiguresexchangeplaceandnumbers,andanylinkstothefiguresinthetextareupdated automatically. 2. Repeat1.foranyotherfigurethatshouldbemoved.

Renumbering
Ifhavedeletedafigure,youmayneedtorenumbertheremainingfigurestoensureacontinuoussequence.

TORENUMBERFIGURES
1. ClicktheFiguresheadingintheoutline. 2. ClicktheRenumberbuttonontheoutlinetoolbar. Thefiguresarerenumberedincontinuoussequence.Anylinkstofiguresinthetextareupdated automatically.

Copyingafiguretotheclipboard
YoucancopyafigurefromRevMantotheclipboard,allowingittobepastedintoothersoftware. Figureswillbecopiedinbothvectorandbitmapformat.Theresultingimagetypewhenyoupastewilldepend onthecapabilitiesofthetargetsoftware.

TOCOPYAFIGURE
1. OpenthefigureProperties. 2. ClickCopy. Thefigureisnowstoredonyourcomputer'sclipboard,fromwhereyoucanpasteitintoother softwarethatacceptsimages.

Savingafigureasafile
YoucansavefiguresgeneratedbyRevManinanumberofformats.Youshouldchoosefileformatthatsuitsyou needs.Ingeneral,thevectorformatsarethemostversatileandgivethebestquality. Vectorformats: SVG EMF EMP SWF EPS PDF

Bitmapformat: PNG

TOSAVEAFIGURE
1. Openthefigure. 2. ClicktheSavebutton. TheSavewindowopens 3. Specifyalocation,filetypeandfilename. 4. ClickSave

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RevMan5UserGuide

Deletingafigure
TODELETEAFIGURE
1. Locatethefigureyouwishtodeleteintheoutlinepane. 2. RightclickitandchooseDeleteFigure. Tip:Ifyouhavecreatedlinkstoafigureinthetext,thelinktext,suchas'Figure3',willnotbedeletedfromthe textwhenyoudeletethefigure.Youmustdothismanually,whichwillbeeasiestwithFindandreplace. Whenyoudeleteafigure,youmayneedtorenumbertheremainingfigurestoensureacontinuoussequence, seeOrderingandrenumberingfigures.

Trimmingimages
YoucanusetheTrimImagefunctiontoremovepartsofthesourcefilethatshouldnotberetainedinthe figure,suchasacaption,orexcessivewhitespace. Note:TrimImageisonlyavailableforOtherFigures.

TOTRIMAFIGURE
1. Outlinethesectiontokeepbydrawingarectangleonthefigure. Clickanddragfromthetopleftcorneroftheintendedrectangletobegindrawing.Releasethemouse buttonattheintendedlowerrightcorner. Tip:Youcanmoveandresizetherectangleafterwards.Thecursorwillshowwhichfunctionclicking anddraggingwillhave. 2. ClickTrimImage. SeealsoAddingafigurefromafile.

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Sourcesofsupport
Aboutsourcesofsupport
SourcesofsupportaredividedintoInternalandExternal.SeetheHandbookforguidanceonclassifyinga sourceofsupport.

TOADDASOURCEOFSUPPORT
1. ExpandtheSourcesofsupportheadingintheoutline. 2. RightclickeitherInternalorExternalandchooseAddSourceofsupport.ThisopenstheNewSourceof SupportWizard. 3. Enterthenameofthesource,andselectthecountryfromthepulldownlist. 4. Ifyouwishtoaddadescriptionofthesource,clickNext,andtypethisintotheDescriptionbox.

TODELETEASOURCEOFSUPPORT
1. RightclickthesourceyouwishtodeleteandchooseDeleteSourceofSupport. 2. ClickYestoconfirmthedeletion.

TOREORDERSOURCESOFSUPPORT
TherightclickmenuletsyouMoveUp,MoveDown,MoveToandmore.

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Feedback
Aboutfeedback
Eachfeedbackelementconsistsofatitle,thedatethefeedbackwassubmitted,asummary,areplyfromthe authors,andinformationaboutthecontributorstothefeedbacksent. FormoreinformationonFeedbackinCochranereviewsseesection3.6oftheHandbook.

TOADDFEEDBACK
1. ClicktheFeedbackheadingintheoutlineandthenclicktheAddbuttonintheoutlinetoolbar. TheNewFeedbackWizardopens. 2. Enteratitleforthefeedbackelement. 3. ClickNext. 4. Enterthedatethefeedbackwassubmitted. SeetheDatessectionformoreinformationonhowtoenterdates. 5. ClickFinish. 6. AddthetextfortheSummary,ReplyandContributorssections. Theseareeditedlikeanyothertextsection.

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Reviewappendices
ReviewAppendices
Areviewmayhaveanynumberofappendices.EachappendixconsistsofaTitleandtext.Youcaninsertlinks toappendicesinthemaintext. Detailsofhowappendiceswillbepublishedwillbeaddedatalaterdate.

TOADDANAPPENDIX
1. RightclicktheAppendicesheadinginoutlineandchooseAddAppendix.

TOEDITANAPPENDIX
Thetextforanappendixiseditedinthesamewayasthetextofthereview,andyoucanuseallthesame functions.

TOCHANGEANAPPENDIXTITLE
1. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothetitle. 2. EdittheTitle,andclickOK.

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Notes
Aboutnotes
TherearethreetypesofnotesinRevMan: Internalnotes Footnotes Publishednotes

Internalnotes
Youcanattachinternalnotestoanysectionofareview.Thesenotescanbereadandmodifiedbyanybody openingthereviewinRevMan,butwillnotbepublished. Toaddanote,usethecontextmenuandchooseNotes Sectionswithnoteswillshowaniconbothintheoutlineandinthemaintext. Toreadormodifyanote: clickthenoteicon,or usethecontextmenuandchooseNotes usethenotespane,see'Viewingallnotes'below

Todeleteanote,openitandclickDelete. Foreachnote,RevManwillberecordthedateandtimeitwaslastmodifiedandbywhom(ifthenameofthe userhasbeensetunderGeneralpreferences).

Viewingallnotes
Iyouwishtoseeallnotesforareview,youcanhavethesedisplayedatthebottomoftheTextofReviewtab.

TOSHOWTHENOTESPANE:
1. UseView>Notes. Youcanresizethenotespanebydraggingthedivider.Youcanminimizeormaximizeitwiththetwoarrows, seeUsingRevMan.

Printingnotes
Youcanprintyournotesalongwiththetextorseparately,seePrintingreviews. SeealsoFootnotesandPublishednotes.

Footnotes
Youcanaddfootnotestothefollowingsections: Authors Tables Studydata

Footnoteswillbepublished.

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Checkingandvalidatingreviews
Checkingspelling
Therearetwowaystocheckthespellinginyourreview: asyoutype,withmisspellingbeingmarkeddirectlyinyourtext,or byrunningthespellcheckerandgoingthroughthemisspellingsfound.

Allsectionsofthereviewwillbeincludedinthespellcheck,butyoucanconfigurethespellcheckertoignore certainelements,seeSpellcheckingpreferences.

TOCHECKSPELLINGASYOUTYPE
1. ClicktheCheckSpellingasYouTypebutton.Anypossiblemisspellingsidentifiedwillbeshownwitha redwavyunderlineintheTextofReviewtab. 2. Tocorrectamisspelling,dooneofthefollowing: Edittheworddirectlyintheinthetext. Rightclicktheword,andchooseoneofthesuggestedalternatives.

3. Ifamarkedwordiscorrectlyspelled,rightclickthewordandchooseeither: IgnoreAlltoignoreanyoccurrencesofthewordduringtherestofyourRevMansession.The nexttimeyouopenRevMan,thewordwouldagainbeconsideredamisspelling. Addtoaddthewordtoyouruserdictionary(thewordwillbeacceptedfromnowon).

TORUNTHESPELLCHECKER
1. Placethecursoratthepointinthetextwhereyouwantthespellchecktostart. 2. UseTools>CheckSpelling. ThisopenstheCheckSpellingwindow,andidentifiesthefirstmisspellingfound. 3. Usetherelevantoptiontodooneofthefollowing: Changethewordtotheonehighlightedinthelistofsuggestions. Addthewordtoyouruserdictionary. Ignoretheword. Deletetheword.

Thespellcheckerthenmovestothenextpossiblemisspelling.

Validatingreviews
Ifareviewcontainsan'error'itwillnotbepublishedinTheCochraneLibrary.

Validationasyoutype
ClicktheValidatebuttononthetoolbartoturnonautomaticvalidationofyourreviewasyouworkonit. Sectionswitherrorsorwarningswillbeunderlinedintheoutline.Errorswillbeshownwitharedunderline, whilewarningswillbeblue.Ifasubsectioncontainsanerrororwarning,thiswillbereflectedforitsparent sections. Toquicklyseewhattheerrororwarningis,pausethecursoroverthesectiontodisplayatooltiptext.Forfull detailsusetheValidationreport.

Validationreport
Toseeadetailedreportofallerrorsandwarnings,useFile>Reports>ValidationReport.

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RevMan5UserGuide Thisreportcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

Statusreport
TheStatusReportliststatisticsforareview.ThisincludeswordcountsfortheAbstract,Plainlanguage summary.remainingMaintext,Tables,Studiesandreferences,Feedback,Appendices,andatotalwordcount forthereview.Italsocountthenumberofauthors,eachtypeofstudyandreferences,tables,figures,feedback andappendices.

TOOPENASTATUSREPORT
ChooseFile>Reports>StatusReport. Thereportcanbesavedandprintedusingthebuttonsinthelowerleft.

Countingwords
YoucanusetheWordCountfunctiontocountthenumberofwordsandcharactersinanyselectedtext.

TOCOUNTWORDS
1. Selectasectionoftext. 2. ChooseTools>WordCount TheStatusreportcontainswordcountsforallthemainreviewsections.

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Sharingandsubmittingreviews
UsingArchietomanagereviews
TheArchieserveractsasyourReviewGroup'sshareddriveordatabaseforstoringandsharingreviews.To accessArchie,youneedpersonaluseraccount,whichyourReviewGroupcanhelpsetupforyou. Whenyouwanttoeditareview,youneedtocheckthereviewoutfromArchie,editit,thencheckitinto Archieagain.Whileareviewischeckedouttooneuser,itisnotavailableforcheckoutbyanyotheruser,so onlyonepersonatatimecanmakechangestoareview.ThisisanessentialpartofArchiesversioncontrol system. Note:YouarenotforcedtouseArchieforstoringandexchangingreviews.Reviewfilescanalsobestored locallyandexchangedviaemailor,forexample,USBkey.However,usingArchiehasseveralbenefits,including: SeealsoAuthoringandeditorialphase,Checkingin,Checkingout,Versions,Workingwithcoauthors Ensuringthateditsarealwaysmadetothemostuptodateversion. Keepingarecordofallpreviousversions.YourReviewGroupcancompareversionstoeasilyidentify alldifferencesbetweenthem. Providingaccesstoallyourreviewsfromanycomputerwithaninternetconnection.

VersionsinArchie
Whenyousaveareviewtoalocalfilethepreviousversionisoverwrittenunlessyousaveitwithanewname everytime.However,whenyoucheckreviewsintoArchie,theyareversioned,meaningthatwheneveryou 'save'thereviewinArchiebycheckingitin,itisautomaticallysavedasanewversion. Archiehasseveralfeaturesrelatedtoreviewversions,butwhenyouareusingRevMan,itisquitesimple: Checkinginareviewwillalwayscreateanewversion.Youcanincludeashortdescriptionforeach version. Whenyoucheckoutareview,youwillalwaysgetthemostrecentversion.

VersionattributesinArchie
AreviewversioninArchiehasanumberofattributesthatarenotallshowninRevMan,butarelistedinfull hereforinformation: Versionnumberthiskeepstrackoftheorderofversions.Ahighernumbermeansamorerecent version. Versiondatethedatetheversionwascreated. Theversionpublicationstatuswhethertheversionisadraft,hasbeenmarkedorsubmittedfor publication,orispublished. Versiondescriptionthiscanbeusedtodescribewhatisuniqueabouteachversion. Apersonthepersonwhocreatedaversionisalwaysrecorded.

Authoringandeditorialphase
TheAuthoringandEditorialphasesarespecialattributesforreviewsinArchiethatdeterminewhocanedit thedocument.TheAuthoringphasemeansthatonlyauthors(andaReviewGroupsSuperUsers)canedit thereview,whiletheEditorialphasegivesaccesstothosewitheditorialroles.

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RevMan5UserGuide

ReviewWritephase
AreviewhasanoverallWritePhasethatdetermineswhocancheckitoutandcheckitinagainineffectwho canedittheArchiedocument.BychangingtheWritephase,therighttoworkonthereviewcanbetransferred betweentheauthorteamandtheeditorialteam. Whenauthorssubmitareviewtotheeditorialbaseforapproval,theWritePhasechangestoEditorial.This preventstheauthorsfrommodifyingthereviewwhiletheeditorialteamisworkingwithit. Whenareviewhasbeenapprovedforpublication,itisusuallyreturnedtotheAuthoringphase,allowingthe authorstoaccessitforupdating. ReviewsthatyoucannotaccessbecauseoftheirWritePhasewillappearas'Locked'intheCheckOutwindow. SeeCheckingoutandCheckingin.

AccesstoviewingversionsinArchie
InadditiontotheoverallWritephaseofthereview,eachversionhasaseparateReadPhasethatdetermines whocanreadthatversion. Example:AreviewthatisintheEditorialWritePhasecanonlybecheckedoutandbackinbyeditorialusers, andwheneveraneditorialuserchecksthereviewin,theversioncreatedwillhavetheversionReadPhase Editorial.Suchversionscannotbereadbyauthors,soifanauthordecidestoviewthereviewsHistory,she cannotseethemostrecentversions(whichinthisexamplewouldbeeditorialdrafts),butonlythoseversion withanAuthoring(orShared,seebelow)Readphase. VersionsthathavechangedfromAuthoringtoEditorial,ortheopposite,willhavetheReadPhase'Shared'.This allowspeoplefromboththeauthorandtheeditorialteamtoview(butnotcheckout)suchaversion.Without thisattribute,authorswouldnotbeabletoseetheversionstheyjustsubmitted,becausetheversionswould havemovedtotheEditorialReadPhase.

Workingwithcoauthors
Withineachteamofauthors,youshouldagreeonhowyouwillstoreandexchangereviews.Anumberof possiblestrategiesareoutlinedbelow,butyoucancombineelementsfromeach,dependingonthe preferenceswithintheteam. Warning:avoidcombiningstrategiesinwaysthatwillleadtouncertaintyaboutwhohasthecurrentversionof areview.

Strategy1:UseArchie
AllauthorscheckthereviewbackintoArchiewhentheyarenotactivelyworkingonit.

Strategy2:Exchangefilesbyemail
TheleadauthorhasthereviewcheckedoutfromArchieandcoordinatescontributionfromtheotherauthors bysendingittothemindividually.

Submittingreviews
WhenyouarereadytosubmityourreviewtoyourReviewGroup,youcandothisintwoways: Thepreferredwayistocheckinthereview,andchoosetheSubmitforEditorialApprovaloptionas partofthecheckin. Savethefileandsenditasanemailattachment.

Checkingout
WhenyoucheckoutareviewfromArchie,youalwaysgetthelatestversionofit,anditbecomeslockedso othersdonotedititatthesametimeasyou.Authorsendeditorscanonlycheckoutreviewsthattheyhavea relevantArchiedocumentrolefor(butsomeeditorialbasestaffwillhavewiderpermissions).

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Sharingandsubmittingreviews

TOCHECKOUTAREVIEW
1. ClicktheCheckOutbutton onthetoolbar. TheCheckOutwindowopensandRevManretrievesalistofreviewsyoucanaccess.Thenameofthe serveryouareconnectingtoisdisplayedatthetopofthewindow.Ifyouareusingadifferentserver thanthestandardserver(archie.cochrane.org),theservernamewillbeshowninred.SeeConnection preferencesformoreonserversettings. 2. IfyouwishtoonlyseereviewsfromaparticularReviewGroup,choosethegroupfromtheReview Grouppulldownlist. 3. Clickthereviewyouwishtocheckout. Youcanonlycheckoutreviewsthatarelistedas'Available',orarecheckedoutbyyourself,see 'Reviewavailability'below. Tip:Tosortthereviewsbyoneoftheattributes,clicktherelevantcolumnheader. 4. Ifyouknowthatyouonlyneedtolookatthereview,andwillnotbemakingchangesthatshouldbe checkedbackinagain,selecttheoptiontoDownloadaCopyoftheReviewWithoutCheckingitOut. 5. ClickOK. Ifyouarecheckingoutareview,aconfirmationwindowwillappear(thiscanbedisabledunder Generalpreferences). TheCheckoutwindowclosesandthereviewisretrievedfromtheserver. Warning:Ifyouarenolongeractivelyworkingonareview,remembertocheckitbackinagain,sothatother peoplecanworkwithit. Tip:Inrarecasesyoumayneedtoreverttoapreviousversionofareview,andcontinueworkingfromthat.If so,youshouldcontactyourReviewGroup,whowillbeabletoarrangethis.

Reviewavailability
Areview'savailabilityonArchiedetermineswhetheryoucancheckitout. Availability Available Checkedoutbyyou Description Thereviewiscurrentlynotcheckedoutbyanybody,andinaWritePhase thatgivesyouaccess. Youhavealreadycheckedthisreviewout,butyoucancheckitoutagain. Thismaybeusefulifyoudonothavealocalcopyofthereview,orwishto reverttotheversionyouoriginallycheckedout. Anotheruserhascheckedoutthereview.Toseewhohascheckeditout,you mustviewthereview'spropertiesinArchie. Thereview'sWritePhasepreventsyoufromcheckingitout.SeeAuthoring andeditorialphase.

Checkedout Locked

Tip:Ifareviewisunavailableforcheckout,youcanstilldownloaditasacopy. SeealsoUsingArchietomanagereviews.

Checkingin
Whenyoucheckinareview,itistransferredfromRevMantoArchie,whereitisstoredasanewversion.The reviewbecomesavailableforcheckoutbyothers,andmessagesmaybesentout. Ifyouchoosetosubmitthereviewforeditorialapproval,theWritePhaseofthereviewwillchangetoEditorial, meaningthatyoucannotmodifythereviewwhiletheReviewGroupisworkingwithit. 49

RevMan5UserGuide

TOCHECKINAREVIEW
1. ClicktheCheckinbutton onthemaintoolbar. TheCheckInWizardopens.Thenameoftheserveryouareconnectingtoisdisplayedatthetopof thewindow.Ifyouareusingadifferentserverthanthestandardserver(archie.cochrane.org),the servernamewillbeshowninred.SeeServerpreferencesformoreonserversettings. 2. Enteraversiondescription. Thedescriptionshouldbeasbriefandaccurateaspossible.Sinceyournameandthedateare automaticallyrecorded,youneednotincludethisinformation.Butiftheversionyouarechecking includeschangesmadebyotherpersons,youcanincludetheirinitials. 3. Dooneofthefollowing: Ifyouwishtocheckinaversionthatisstillbeingdrafted,youcanclickFinishatthispoint. Thereviewischeckedinandthewizardcloses. Ifyouwishtosubmitthereviewforeditorialapprovalorincludeamessagewiththecheckin, clickNext

4. Tosubmitthereviewforeditorialapproval,selectSubmitforEditorialApproval. Note:WhenyouusethisoptionthereviewwillmovieintotheEditorialphase,preventingyoufrom modifyingitfurther.SeeAuthoringandeditorialphase. 5. ClickNext. Ifyouaresubmittingthereview,avalidationcheckisrunatthispoint.Ifvalidationerrorsarefound,it willnotbepossibletoproceed.Toseetheerrorsthatneedtobecorrectedbeforeyoucansubmit, clickOKtoviewthevalidationreport. 6. Typeinamessage(optional). ThemessagewillgotothosemembersofyourReviewGroupthathavechosentoreceivecheckin messages. 7. ClickFinish. Aconfirmationdialogappears,showingabriefreportfromArchie. Tip:IfyouneedtotakeactionbasedontheinformationintheCheckinreport,youmaywanttop copythecontentsofthereportsoyoucanpasteitinelsewhere.Todoso,clickCopyText. 8. ClickOK. Note:AlthoughRevManclosesthereviewwhenyoucheckitin,anycopiesthatyousavedlocallywillremain onyourcomputer. SeealsoUsingArchietomanagereviews,Versions

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Storingreviewslocally
Savingversionsofreviewslocally
Youcanstoreyourreviewsintwoways: Overtheinternet,byusingArchie.ThismethodisonlyavailableforregisteredCochranereviews. Locally,bysavingthereviewasafileonyourcomputer(oraconnecteddevice,suchasamemory stick).

ThepreferredmethodforstoringandsharingCochranereviewsistouseArchie,andwheneveryouworkona CochraneReview,itshouldbethemostrecentversion,checkedoutfromArchie.Howeverevenifareviewis generallybeingstoredandmanagedonArchie,theremightbetimeswhenyouprefertoworkonit,orto exchangeit,asalocalfile. Note:EvenifyouworkprimarilybystoringyourreviewsonArchie,alocalbackupwillalsobesavedatregular intervals.SeeLocalbackups. Somesituationswherestoringreviewslocallycanbeusefulare: Ifyouwillbewithoutaninternetconnectionforawhilebutneedtobeabletoworkonthereview. Ifyouaresurethatnooneelsewillneedtoworkonthereviewforsometime. IfyourdocumentisnotaCochranereview.

Warning:IfyouworkonalocallystoredcopyofareviewthatiscurrentlynotcheckedoutfromArchie,other peoplemaymakechangestothereviewatthesametimesinceitisavailableforeditingontheserver.Insuch cases,itmightbedifficulttointegrateyourchangesintothecurrentversionofthereview.Youwillreceivea warningyouifopenaCochranereviewthathasnotbeencheckedoutfromArchie. SeeOpeningareviewandSavingareview.

Openingareview
Youcanopenreviewsinfourformats: '.rm5'isthestandardfileformatusedbyRevMan5forsavingreviews. '.rm4'isthefileformatusedbyRevMan4forexportingoneormorereviews. Note:OnlytheWindowsversionofRevMan5canopen.rm4files,andonlyiftheproperODBCdriver isinstalledonyoursystem.Ifyoutrytoopenarm4file,anddonothavethisdriver,anerrormessage willinformyouhowtoobtainthedriver. Ifyouopenan.rm4filethatcontainsmultiplereviews,RevMan5willonlyopenoneofthereviews.If youwishtoopentheotherreviewsinsuchafile,youmustimportthefiletoRevMan4andexportthe reviewsassinglefiles. '.r4x'isafileformatusedbyRevMan4.3andArchieforexchangingsinglereviews. '.xml'isagenericfileformatusedbymanydifferentapplications.ArchieandRevMan4.3used'.xml' forreviewfilesinthepast,butthiswaschangedto'.r4x'.RevMancanonlyopen'.xml'filesthatwere createdbyArchieorRevMan4.3.

TOOPENAREVIEW:
1. ClicktheOpenbuttononthetoolbar. TheOpenwindowwillshowthelastlocationwhereyouopenedorsavedafile. 2. ChoosethefiletoopenandclickOpen. Tip:UseFile>Recentfilestochoosefromthemostrecentlyusedreviews.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Savingareview
Reviewscanbesavedasdocumentfilesonyourcomputer.SeeSavingversionsofreviewslocallyformore informationonwhentodothis.

TOSAVEAREVIEW
ClicktheSavebutton onthemaintoolbar. Ifitisthefirsttimeyousavethisreview,youwillbeaskedtospecifyafilename(RevManwillsuggestthe review'stitle).Ifyouhavepreviouslysavedthisreview,theexistingfilewillbeoverwritten.

TOSAVEAREVIEWWITHANEWFILENAME
ChooseFile>SaveAs. Youwillbeaskedtospecifyafilename. Filesaresavedin.rm5format.Thisistheonlyformatforsavingwholereviews.Youcanexportpartsofa reviewinvariousotherformats,seeExportingtext,ExportingreferencesandExportingdata.

Localbackups
Whileyouhaveareviewopen,RevManwillsavealocalbackupofitatregularintervals.Thedefaultisevery10 minutes,butthiscanbechangedunderFilespreferences. Ifyourcomputercrashessothatyourreviewisnotsavedsuccessfully,youwillbegiventheoptiontoopenthe latestbackupofthereviewthenexttimeyouopenRevMan. RevManbackupfilesareordinaryrm5fileswithfilename'backupXXXXX.rm5'whereXXXXXisanumber.The backupfilesarebydefaultsavedinyourtemporaryfolder.Youcansee,ormodify,thelocationunderFiles preferences. Backupfilesinthecurrentlyspecifiedbackupdirectoryareautomaticallydeletedafter7days(bydefault). Ifyouneedtoaccessabackupfile,simplyopenitinRevMan.Youmayhavetolookatthedatethefilewas modifiedtofindtherightone.Onceyouhavefoundthefileyouneed,saveitwithadifferentfilename,oryou willriskthatitisdeletedaspartoftheremovalofoldbackupfiles.

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Printing
Printingreviews
Whenyouprintareview,youcanchoosewhichsectionstoincludeintheprintout,andaprintmodethat controlshowthosesectionsarepresented. Forexample,youcancreateaprintoutthatcontainsbothcontentandnotes,butonlyforthefortheResults andFiguressections.

TOPRINTAREVIEW
1. ClickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar. ThePrintwindowopens. 2. Selecttheprintmode. Tip:UsePreviewtoseewhatinformationtheselectedmodecontains. Ifyourselectedmodedoesnotapplyforparticularsections,thosesectionswillbegrayedoutinthe SectionstoPrintpane 3. Selectthesectionstoprint. Youcandeselectorselectsectionsbyclickingthecheckboxinfrontofthem. Tip:Ifyouonlywishtoincludeafewsectionsinyourprintout,beginbydeselectingallsections(using thetoplevelsection,e.g.InterventionReview),andthenselecttheonesyouwant. 4. ClickOK. ThePrintwindowopens. 5. ClickPrint. SeealsoPagesetup,PrintpreviewandPrintingsinglesections.

Printpreview
TOOPENAPRINTPREVIEW
1. OpenthePrintwindow. 2. ClickPreview.

Previewoptions
Mostofthepreviewoptionswillonlyaffecthowthepreviewispresented,nothowthereviewisactually printed.Theonlyexceptionistheorientationandpagesetupsettings,whichwillbeusedifyouprintfrom withinthepreviewwindow. FitandZoom SelectingtheFitoptionwillautomaticallyscalethepreviewpagesoitfitsinthepreviewwindow. Tospecifyaspecificscaling,selectZoomandeither: Typeinavalueinthefieldandpressentertoapplyit. Usethepulldownlisttochoosefrompresetvalues. Usetheupordownarrowstoincreaseordecreasethescaleinstepsoften.

Margins Selectingthiswillhighlightthemargins. Size Selectingthiswilldisplaythecurrentpapersizeatthebottomofthewindow. 53

RevMan5UserGuide Grayscale Ifyouarenotprintingincolour,usethisoptiontohavethisreflectedinthepreview. Navigation Therearefourarrowsthatletyounavigatethoughthepagesofthepreview:Previous,Next,FirstandLast. Orientation SelecteitherPortraitorLandscape.ThisoptionwillbeusedfortheprintoutifyouusethePrintfunctionfrom withinthepreviewwindow. PageSetup UsethistomodifyasubsetofthefulloptionavailableunderPagesetup.Anychangesyoumakehereareonly temporaryandwillonlyaffecttheprintoutifyouusethePrintfunctionfromwithinthepreviewwindow. Print Thiswillprintthereview.

Printingsinglesections
Theprintdialogallowsyoutospecify(seePrintingreviews)whichreviewsectionstoprint.Ifyouonlywishto printasinglereviewsection,youcanusethePrintbuttonontheoutlinetoolbartoonlyhavethatsection selectedinthePrintWindow. Toprintasinglefigure,datatableorgraph,youcanalsousetheseparatePrintbuttononthatelement'stabor window.

Pagesetup
YoucanusethepagesetupoptionstoformathowreviewsareprintedfromyourversionofRevMan.Any changesyoumakeherewillnotaffecttheappearanceofthepublishedreview.

TOMODIFYTHEPAGESETUP
1. ChooseFile>PageSetup. ThePageSetupwindowopens. 2. Specifythechangesyouwantbyusingtheoptionsonthethreetabs. 3. ClickOK Tip:usePrintpreviewtoquicklyseetheeffectyoupagesetupchangeshave.

Pageoptions
OnthePageSetuptabyoucanspecify: Whichprintertouse. Thepapersize Thepageorientation Themargins.

TheContenttabletsyouchoose: Thescalingoftheprintedoutput.Alowervaluewillresultinasmallerfont. Thepadding. Variousadvancedoptions.

TheNotestabisusedformodifyingthepageheaderandfooter.

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Preferences
Preferences
ToopenthePreferenceswindow,chooseTools>Preferences. ThePreferenceswindowisdividedintofivetabs: Generalpreferences Filespreferences Interfacepreferences Spellcheckingpreferences Connectionpreferences

Generalpreferences
TheGeneraltabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

User'srealname
Inputyournametohaveitrecordedforallchangesyoumake,forexampleusingTrackchanges. YoucanusetheChoosebuttontolinktoyourrecordinArchie.

Miscellaneous
CheckforUpdatestoRevMan RevMancanchecktheinternetuponstartuptoseeifanewerversionofthesoftwareisavailable.Usethis optiontospecifyhowfrequentlythisshouldbedone. UndoHistorySize Thevaluedeterminehowmanystepsyoucangobackintheundohistory.Thelargerthevalue,themoreof youcomputer'smemorywillbeusedbyRevMan.SettingatoolargevaluemayaffectRevMan'sperformance negatively.SettingthistozerowilldisabletheUndofunctionentirely.SeeUndo. Showwarningifopenedfileshavenotbeencheckedoutfromserver EnablethistoreceiveawarningwheneveryouworkonareviewthatexistsonArchie,butisnotcheckedout byyou. Note:RevManneedstoconnecttoArchietoverifythis,sothisfunctiononlyworksofyouhaveareconnected totheInternet. Showwarningwhencheckingoutreviews Controlswhetherawindowallowingyoutodownloadacopyinsteadisshownwhenyoucheckoutreviews. Validateformatofopenedfiles ThisisbydefaultenabledtohaveRevMancheckthefileformatforinternalconsistency.Thisdoesnotinclude thesamechecksasthereviewvalidation. Warning:onlydisablethistemporarilyfortroubleshooting.

Filespreferences
TheFilestabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

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RevMan5UserGuide

Workingdirectory
TheworkingdirectorysettingdetermineswhatlocationSaveandOpenwindowsopento. ReuseLastDirectory Usethelocationwhereyoulastopenedorsavedafile. UseDefaultDirectory Specifyadirectorythatwillalwaysbeused

Backup
SaveBackupFileEvery HowfrequentlyRevManshouldsaveabackupversionofthereviewyouareworkingon.SeeLocalbackups. DaystoKeepBackupFiles Thenumberofdaysfilesinthebackupdirectoryareretained. BackupDirectory Thelocationusedforbackupfiles.

Recentfiles
MaximumNumberofRecentLocalFiles ThenumberoflocalfilesshownunderFiles>RecentFiles.UsetheClearHistorybuttontoclearthislist. MaximumNumberofRecentCheckedInFiles ThenumberofcheckedinreviewsfilesshownunderFiles>RecentFiles.UsetheClearHistorybuttontoclear thislist.

Interfacepreferences
TheInterfacetabispartofthePreferenceswindow. LookandFeel UsethistochangetheappearanceofRevMan'sinterface.Theavailableoptionsmaywarydependingonthe operatingsystemyouareusing. StyleSheet Usethistochangetheappearanceofthemaintext,forinstancetomakethetextappearlarger.Thenameof eachstylesheetwillindicatewhateffectithas.Changingthestylesheetonlyaffectstheviewinthiscopyof RevMan;itdoesnotmodifythereviewsinanyway. Language ThelanguageusedinRevMan'sinterface. Date,Time,andNumberStyle ThisdetermineshowdatesaredisplayedandenteredinyourcopyofRevMan.Thiswillnotaffecthowdates arestoredorpublishedreviews,oraffectthepublishedversion.

ExpandandCollapseSections
Allowtextsectionstobecollapsed/expanded Enablethistobeabletocollapseandexpandtextsections. Opendocumentswithallsectionscollapsed Enablethistoalwaysopenreviewswithallsectionscollapsed.Thiswillmakereviewsopenfaster.

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Preferences Note:Whenopeningextremelylongreviews,RevManwilldisregardthissettingandautomaticallycollapse somesections.

Miscellaneous
ShowAddbuttonsintextofreview EnablethistoseeAddbuttonsattheendofsectionswhereyoucanaddelements. Showunpublishedsectionsasgreyedout Enabledbydefault.Usedtoshowwhichsectionofaprotocolthatwillnotbepublished. Renameoutlineitemswithtwoseparatemouseclicks. Ifthisisenabled,youcanrenameitemsbyclickingtheitemintheoutlinesoitbecomeshighlightedandthen clickingitagain(butnosofastitcountsasadoubleclick). Smoothedgesofscreenfonts Appliesantialiasingtoalltexttomaketheedgesappearsmoother. OnOpen,Expandoutlineto Determineshowmanylevelsareexpandedintheoutlinewhenareviewisopened. SizeofTextinOutline Determinesthefontsizeusedintheoutlinepane.

Spellcheckingoptions
TheSpellCheckingtabispartofthePreferenceswindow.

Dictionaries
Choosethedictionariesyouwishtoinclude.ItisrecommendedthatyouuseUKorUSspellingconsistently,so onlyenablebothsetsifyouhaveavalidreason. Userdictionaryfile Thisfilestoresallwordsyouaddtothespellchecker. Toresettheuserdictionarytothedefault,locatethefileanddeleteit.RevManwillthenautomaticallycreatea newfilethenexttimeyourunthespellchecker.

Preferences
Setoptionsfor: Textthatshouldbeignored. Whetherdoubledwordsandcaseshouldbetakenintoaccount. Whethersplitwordshouldbesuggested.Forexampleif"largescale"shouldbesuggestedfor "largescale".

SeealsoCheckingspelling.

ConnectionPreferences
TheConnectiontabispartofthePreferenceswindow.ItallowsyoutosetupRevMantoconnecttotheArchie server.SeeUsingArchietomanagereviews. YoualsocanusetheServerConnectionWizardtoguideyouthroughthestepsofsettingupaconnection.To startthewizard,clicktheWizardbutton.

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RevMan5UserGuide Server TherearethreeserversRevMancanconnectto: archie.cochrane.org,alsocalledtheLiveserver,isthemainserverthatisusedformanagingand publishingCochranereviews.ThisistheserverCochraneauthorsandgroupsshouldbeusingunless theyhavebeeninstructedotherwise. test.archie.cocharne.orgisthetestserverusedbytheIMSdevelopmentteamtotestnew functionalitybeforeitisintroducedontheliveserver.Generally,RevManusersshouldnotusethe Testserverunlesstheyarehelpingtotestnewfunctionalitythatistobeintroducedtotheliveserver atalaterstage. training.archie.cochrane.orgisthetrainingserverusedbytheIMSSupportteamfortrainingpurposes, andbyCRGstotryoutArchiefunctionalitywithouttheriskofintroducingmistakesintheirlivedata.

Username YourArchieusername. Password YourArchiepassword. SaveUsernameandpasswordwhenRevManisclosed SelectthistohaveRevManrememberyourusernameandpasswordbetweensessions. Warning:onlyusethisoptionifyouaretheonlypersonusingthecomputer,orifyoulogontothecomputer usingapersonaluseraccount.

Testingtheconnection
YoucantesttheconnectionwiththeTestbutton.Thiswillconnecttothechosenserverandcheckifyouuser nameandpasswordisrecognised.

Proxyservers
Somenetworksuseaproxyserver.Dependingonhowthenetworkissetup,itmaybenecessarytoenterthe proxyserverdetailsinRevMan.Ifyouareunabletoconnectwithoutspecifyingaproxyserver,askyour networkadministratorfortheproxyserverinformation. Ifyouareusingaproxy,remembertoincludetheport,e.g."8080". SeealsothetechnicalguideforinstallationandconnectionsettingsavailablefromtheRevManwebsiteat www.ccims.net/RevMan.

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Exporting
Exportingtext
YoucanexportreviewtexttoanHTMLfile.ThefilewillincludealltheinformationthatisshownontheTextof Reviewtab.

TOEXPORTTEXT
1. UseFile>Export>TextofReview. TheSavedialogwindowopens. 2. Specifyafilenameandlocation. 3. ClickOK. TheexportwillcreateaHTMLfilewiththenameyouspecified,and,inthesamelocation,animagefileforeach figureinthereview.

Exportingreferences
Referencescanbeexportedintwoformats: RevManformat. RISformat.

BeforebeginningtheexportfromRevMan,youshouldverifythecapabilitiesofthesoftwareyouwishto importthereferencesto.

TOEXPORTDATA
1. UseFile>Export>References.TheExportReferencesWizardopens. 2. Followtheguidanceprovidedinthewizard,anduseNexttomovethroughthesteps. 3. ClickFinish.TheSavewindowopens. 4. Specifythelocationandfilename.ClickSave.

Exportingdata
AnalysesdatacanbeexportedinCSVformat.CSV(CommaSeparatedValues)formatisacommonformatthat manyapplications,suchasExcelcanimport.BeforebeginningtheexportfromRevMan,youshouldverifythe capabilitiesofthesoftwareyouwishtoimportthedatato. Tip:usingthedefaultoptionssuggestbyRevManwillcreateafilethatcanbeimportedbyExcel2000,Excel 2003,etc.

TOEXPORTDATA
1. UseFile>Export>AnalysesandData.TheExportAnalysisDataWizardopens. 2. Followtheguidanceprovidedinthewizard,anduseNexttomovethroughthesteps. 3. ClickFinish.TheSavewindowopens. 4. Specifythelocationandfilename.ClickSave.

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews
Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytables
Inreviewsofdiagnostictestaccuracy,eachincludedstudyhasanAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable, listedunderthestudy.Eachrowinthetableconsistsof: Amethodologicalqualityitem,e.g.'Acceptablereferencestandard?'. Tip:Toseetheunderlyingquestioninfull,pausethecursorovertheitemtodisplayatooltiptext. Theauthors'judgmentforthatitem,whereYesindicatesalowriskofbias. Adescriptionthatexplainshowthejudgmentwasreached.

Youcanchoosebetweenanumberofpredefinedmethodologicalqualityitems,andalsoaddyourown. SeetheHandbookforadescriptionofthevariouspredefineditems. TheAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablesarecalledRiskofbiastablesininterventionreviews.

TOACTIVATEANITEM
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Choosetheitemyouwishtoactivate. Clickontheitemintheleftpane.Thepredefineditemsareblueandcannotbemodified,whileuser defineditemsareblack. 3. Iftheitemmustbeassessedatthetestlevel,addoneormoretestgroups.See'Studyortestlevel qualityassessment'below. 4. ChecktheActivatedbox. Iftheboxisgrayedout,thisisbecauseoutcomegroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 5. ClickOK. Thepropertieswindowclosesandthenewitemisaddedtothetable.Ifyoudefinedmultipleoutcome groups,therewillbearowforeach.

Userdefinedcharacteristics
TheAssessmentofmethodologicalqualitytablehasapredefinedsetofstandardcharacteristics,butyoucan alsoadduserdefinedcharacteristics.

TOADDAUSERDEFINEDITEM
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Addthenewitem. ClicktheAddbuttonbeneaththelefthandpane. Theitemwillbecreatedwiththedefaultname'Newitem'. 3. EditthenameintheItemfield. 4. InputtheFullQuestion. 5. Specifytheassessmentlevel(studyortest,seebelow). 6. Activatetheitem(seeabove). 7. ClickOK.

Studyortestlevelqualityassessment
Someitemsareassessedforthestudyasawhole(e.g.'Acceptablereferencestandard?')whileothersmustbe assessedatthetestlevel(e.g.'Wherewithdrawalsfromthestudyexplained?').

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Formoreinformationontherationaleanduseofmethodologicalqualityitemsontestorstudylevel,seethe Handbook. Toenableassessmentbytest,thevariousindexandcomparatortestsshouldhavebeendefinedunderData tablesbytest. Iftheitemmustbeassessedatthetestlevel,addoneormoretestlevelgroups.

TOADDATESTLEVELGROUP
1. Openthepropertiesforthemethodologicalqualitytable. ClickthePropertiesiconnexttothe'Assessmentofmethodologicalqualitytable'heading. 2. Highlighttheitemyouwishtochange. 3. ClicktheAddbuttontotherightofthelistoftestlevelgroups.Anewtestgroupwiththelabel'All tests'iscreated.Createthenumberofgroupsthatyourequire(byrepeatedlyclickingtheAdd button). 4. Modifythelabelofeach(groupof)test(s)andchoosethetest(s)thatshouldbepartofthegroupfrom thelistthatappearsbelowbytickingtheboxinfrontofeachtest. 5. ChecktheActivatedbox. Iftheboxisgrayedout,itisbecausetestgroupshavenotyetbeenspecified,seeabove. 6. ClickOK. Thepropertieswindowclosesandthenewitemisaddedtothetable.Ifyoudefinedmultipletest groups,therewillbearowforeach.

Dataandanalysesindiagnosticreviews
RevMancancalculatesensitivityandspecificity,plotstudydatainaROCplaneanddrawasummaryROCcurve fordescriptiveandexploratorypurposes. Beforeyoucanbeginanalyzingyourdata,youmusthaveaddedthestudiestotheIncludedStudiessection. Youcanthensettheupthedatatablesforeachtestthatyouwanttoincludeinyourreviewbycreatingtests andlinkingthemtostudies,seeConstructingdatatables. Youcanalsoaddcovariates,ifyouwouldliketoseehowtheresultsdifferbetweensubgroupsofstudies,orif youwanttoincludethesecovariatesinyourregressionanalyses(seeAnalyses). Tip:Ifyoudefineyourcovariatesbeforeyoubeginenteringdata,thecovariatescanbeenteredsimultaneously withtherestofthedata,sothatyouwillnotneedtogobackandcheckthedatainstudieslater. OnceyourdatatableshavebeensetupyoucanbeginEnteringdata. Toanalysethedata,youmustsetupanalyses,seeAnalysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews.

Constructingdatatables
Thedatatablesindiagnosticreviewsarebasedonlinkingstudieswithtestsreportedinthem.Youcansetup thedatatablesintwoways: pertest,byaddingstudiesthatreportdataaboutthattest,or perstudy,byaddingthetestsreportedinthatstudy.

RevManhastwosectionsthatbothrepresentthesameunderlyingstructure:'Datatablesbytest'and'Data tablebystudy'.Asyoumodifyonesection,RevManautomaticallyupdatesthecorrespondingsection. YoumusthaveaddedstudiestotheIncludedStudiessectionbeforeyoucanbeginconstructingthedata tables.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOCREATEATEST
1. RightclicktheDataTablesbyTestheadingintheoutlinepane(underDataandanalyses)andchoose AddTest. TheNewTestWizardopens. 2. Enteranameforthetest. YoucanaddafullnameforthetestintheFullNamefield. 3. ClickNext. 4. Enteradescriptionofthetest. 5. ClickFinish. Thetestyoucreatedopensasanewtabinthecontentpane.Itwillbeemptybecausestudieshave notyetbeenaddedtoit. Ifyoulateronwishmodifythetest,rightclickitandchooseProperties. Beforeyoucanenterthetestdata,youmustlinkstudiesandtests.Youcandothiseitherfromthetestsorthe studies.

TOLINKSTUDIESTOATEST
1. RightclickthetestintheoutlinepaneandchooseAddTestData. TheAddTestDataWizardopens. 2. Selectthestudiesforwhichyouwanttobeabletoadddata. UseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)toselectmultiplestudies.Ifstudieshavealreadybeenused onceforthetest,thiswillbeshown.Youcanaddastudymorethatonce. 3. ClickFinish.

TOLINKTESTSTOASTUDY
1. RightclickthestudyintheoutlinepaneandchooseAddTestData. TheAddTestDataWizardopens. 2. Selectthetestsforwhichyouwanttobeabletoadddata. UseCtrlclick(CommandclickonMacOS)toselectmultipletests.Iftestshavealreadybeenusedonce forthestudy,thiswillbeshown. 3. ClickFinish. Afteryouhavesetupthedatatables,youcanenterthedataofeachstudyinthecells.SeeEnteringdata.

Covariates
Youcanaddcovariatesifyouwouldliketoseehowtheresultsdifferbetweensubgroupsofstudiesorifyou wanttoincludethesecovariatesinyourregressionanalyses(seeAnalysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews).Itmay bewisetodefineyourcovariatesbeforeyoustartenteringdata.Thecovariatescanthenbeentered simultaneouslywiththerestofthedata(insteadofgoingbackandaddingcovariatedataforthestudies afterwards).

TOADDACOVARIATE
1. RightclicktheCovariatesheadingintheoutlineandchooseAddCovariate. TheAddCovariateWizardopens. 2. Enterthenameofthecovariateandamoredetaileddescription. 3. Selectwhetheryouwanttoenterthedataforthiscovariateatthestudyortestlevel. 4. Selectwhetheritisadichotomousoracontinuouscovariate. 5. ChooseatypeofcovariatedataandclickNext. Therearetwodatatypes:

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Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Forcontinuouscovariates,youmustenteradefaultvalue. Forcategoricalcovariates,youmustdefinethedifferentcategories.ClickAddtocreatea category.Whenallcategorieshavebeencreated,usethepulldownlisttospecifythedefault category.

IfyouwouldliketobeabletoshowsubgroupsintheSROCpane,youshouldchoosethecategorical data. 6. ClickFinish. Thecovariateappearsintheoutline.Youcannowenterthedataofthecovariatesinthedatatables bytestorthedatatablesbystudy. Note:Althoughyoumaywanttoexploretheeffectofcertainqualityitemsandwouldliketoaddtheseas covariates,theseneednottobeenteredunderthisheading.Thequalityitemsarealreadyunderthe CharacteristicsofIncludedStudies.

CovariateProperties
Youcanenterandmodifyinformationaboutthecovariatesyouwouldliketoaddviathecovariateproperties windows.

TOMODIFYCOVARIATEPROPERTIES
1. RightclickthecovariateandchooseProperties. TheCovariatePropertieswindowopenstotheGeneraltab. 2. Changetheshortnameorfullnameofthetestasneeded. 3. Selectwhetheryouwanttoaddthevaluesforthecovariate forallstudiesandforonetestor perstudyforalltests.

4. Tospecifythetypeofcovariate(continuousorcategorical),clicktheTypetab. Forcontinuouscovariates,youmustenteradefaultvalue. Forcategoricalcovariates,youmustdefinethedifferentcategories.ClickAddtocreateacategory. Whenallcategorieshavebeencreated,usethepulldownlisttospecifythedefaultcategory. 5. ClickOK.

Enteringdata
Youcanenterthedataforeachtestthatyouwanttoincludeinyourreviewintwoways: perstudy,foralltestsreportedinthatstudy,or pertest,forallstudiesthatreportdataaboutthattest.

Ifyouhavemanyincludedstudiesandonlyafewtests,enteringthedatabytestwillbeeasiest,andviceversa. Regardlessofwhichoptionyouchoose,RevManautomaticallyalsousesinthedataintheothersection. Tip:Ifyoudefinecovariatesbeforeyoubeginenteringdata,thecovariatescanbeenteredsimultaneouslywith therestofthedata,seeCovariates. Thefollowingsectiondescribesenteringdatabytest,butthesameprinciplesapplywhenenteringdataper study.

Enteringdatabytest
Thetest'stabwillhavearowforeachstudy.Thereare4ormorecolumnsinthistablewhereyoucanenter data:data:truepositives(TP),falsepositives(FP),falsenegatives(FN)andtruenegatives(TN)plusacolumn foreachcovariateyouhavespecified. IfyouknowTP,FP,FNandTNforallincludedstudiesyoucandirectlyinputthedatainthetable.

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RevMan5UserGuide

TOENTERDATA
1. Clickinthecellwhereyouwanttobeginenteringdata. 2. Inputthedata. 3. Movetothenextcellandrepeat. YoucanusetheTabkeytomovetothefollowingdatacell,orusethearrowkeystomoveinany direction. Whenyouhavefinishedinputtingthedataforeachstudy,RevManautomaticallycalculatesthevaluesof sensitivityandspecificityandplotstheforestplotsofsensitivityandspecificity.

Calculatingdata
Ifyouonlyknowsomeofthevaluesofthe2by2tablesforanincludedstudy,youcanusethecalculatortool toobtainthe2by2Tablefromotherparameters,suchassensitivityandspecificity.

TOCALCULATEDATA
1. ClicktheCalculatorbutton. 2. Inputthedatayouhave. Ifthenumberyouenterisvalid,thetextintheboxisgreen,butifthereisanerrorinthedata,the textisred.Forexample,youshouldentersensitivityandspecificityasproportionsandnotas percentages.Soforexample,0.74insteadof74or74%.Ifyouenter74,thecellturnsred. 3. Thecalculatorenterstheotherdataautomatically. 4. Movetothenextcellandrepeat. Tip:YoucanusetheTabkeytomovetothefollowingdatacell. 5. ClickOK.

Analysisgraphsindiagnosticreviews
Beforeananalysiscanbeperformed,youmusthavecompletedthesesteps: Includedstudies. Constructeddatatables. Entereddata.

TOADDANANALYSES
1. RightclickAnalysesunderDataandAnalysesintheoutlineandchooseAddAnalysis. TheNewAnalysisWizardopens. 2. EnteraNamefortheanalysis. 3. ClickNext. 4. Selecttheanalysistypeandanyteststoinclude. 5. ClickFinish. Afteryouhavespecifiedthenameandbasicpropertiesofananalysis,youcanprovidedetailsoftheanalysis usingtheAnalysisproperties.

AnalysisProperties TOFURTHERSPECIFYORMODIFYANANALYSIS
1. RightclickonaspecificanalysisundertheAnalysesheadingintheoutlineandchooseProperties TheAnalysispropertieswindowopens. 2. Edittheinformationinthefourtabs: 64

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Generalforeditingthenameofanalyses,thetypeoftestanalysesandthedatathatwillbe usedintheanalyses. SROCplotforeditingthefeatureofSROCplot,e.g.todefinearangeofaxis,ascaleofsizeof pointsinSROCplot,weightsofanalysis. Forestplotforeditingthefeatureoftheforestplot.Youcanaddaqualityitem,covariateson theforestplotandsortstudieswithintheforestplot. Sourceofheterogeneityforspecifyingsubgroupanalyses.

3. ClickOK. AnalysesProperties:Generaltab Singletestanalysisisforanalyzingtheaccuracyofasingleindextest. Multipletestanalysisisforanalyzingandvisualizingtheaccuracyoftwoormoreindextests. TheAnalyzePairedDataOnlyoptioncanonlyusedbeformultipletestanalyses.Thisoptionallowsyouto restricttheanalysestothosestudieswhichhavereporteddataonallindextests. SelectInvestigateSourcesofHeterogeneityifyouwanttoexamineaccuracybysubgroupsofstudies. UnderTests,youcanselectwhichdatatablestoincludeintheanalysis. AnalysesProperties:SROCplottab YoucanspecifythecharacteristicsoftheSROCanalysis. DisplaySROCcurvesdetermineswhetherornottodrawaSROCcurve. DisplayStudyPointscontrolswhetherthepairsofsensitivityandspecificityofindividualstudieswillbe displayedintheROCplot. SymmetrydetermineswhethertodrawaSROCcurvethatissymmetricalaroundthelinerunningfromthe upperlefttolowerrightcorneroftheSROCgraph(=constantoddsratiomodel)orasymmetric(=oddsratiois allowedtovarywiththreshold). UseSpecificityRangetospecifytherangeofspecificitiesoverwhichtheSROCcurvewillbedrawn. UseWeightforAnalysistospecifythetypeofweighttobeusedintheSROCanalysis. UseScaleforSizeofPointstospecifywhetherindividualstudypointsaredisplayedwithequalsizemarkersor markerswheretheirsizesreflecteitherdifferencesinsamplesize,inversestandarderror.Youcanalsohave differentmarkersaccordingtothevalueofacovariate. AnalysesProperties:Forestplottab Aforestplotprovidesavisualoverviewoftheresultsofindividualstudiesthatwillgointothemetaanalyses.It showsestimatesofsensitivityorspecificityofindividualstudiestogetherwiththeirconfidenceintervals.It providesasimplerepresentationoftheamountofvariationamongresultsofdifferentstudies. Thefollowingcharacteristicsofaforestplotcanbechanged: QualityItemsDisplayedonForestplotToaddinformationaboutspecificqualityitemsofindividualstudiesto theforestplot. CovariatesDisplayedonForestplotToaddinformationaboutcertaincovariatesofindividualstudiestothe forestplot. SortStudybyYoucandeterminetherankingofindividualstudieswithintheforestplot.Youcanrankstudies accordingtovariousfactors,includingtheheightofsensitivityorspecificity,yearofpublication,qualityitemor anyothercovariateyouhavespecified.

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RevMan5UserGuide AnalysesProperties:Sourcesofheterogeneitytab Youcanexaminewhethertheaccuracyofstudiesdifferbycertaincharacteristicsofstudies.Astratified analysisofstudieswillbeperformedshowingwhetheraccuracyofstudiesdifferbysubgroupsofstudies.No formaltestingsuchaspvalueswillbecalculatedinthisversionofRevMantodeterminewhetherresultsare significantlydifferent.RevManwillshowseparateROCcurvespersubgroup. Subgroupsofstudiescanbebasedonqualityitemsorbasedonanyotherspecifiedcovariate.

TOCREATEANANALYSISSHOWINGSUBGROUPSINROCPLANE
1. Addanumberofcovariatesusingcategoricaldata. SeeCovariates. 2. Openthedatatableforthetest. SeeEnteringdata. 3. Assignthecategories. Thereisacolumnforeachcovariate. 4. Createanewanalysis,settousetheInvestigateSourcesofHeterogeneityoption. 5. OpenthePropertiesfortheanalysisandgototheSourcesofHeterogeneitytab. 7. SelecttheCovariateoption,andusethepulldownlisttochooseacovariate. 8. ClickApply.

AdditionalanalysisusingresultsfromoutsideRevMan
IntheAnalysiscontentpanethereisalsotheoptiontomakeadditionalfiguresbasedontheresultsofmore complexmodels,liketheHSROCandBivariatemodel(seetheCochraneHandbookforSystematicReviewsof DiagnosticTestAccuracy).ThesemorecomplexmodelscannotbefittedinRevMan,butyoucanperformthese analysesinanexternalstatisticalpackageandthenimporttheresultsintoRevMan. Externallycalculatedparameters Youchooseamodelforcreateacorresponding95%confidenceellipsearoundsummarypoint.Therearetwo models: 1.HSROCModel HereyoucanenterthefiveparametersoftheHSROCmodel: Lambdaaccuracyparameter. Thetacutpointparameter. Betashapeparameter. Var(accuracy)varianceofaccuracyparameter. Var(threshold)varianceofthresholdparameter.

TheseparameterscanbecalculatedusingBUGSsoftware.SoftwarecodeforBUGStofitthismodelcanbe foundinRutteretal(2001).Basedontheseparametersa(new)summaryROCcurveandasummarypointwill bedrawn. 2.BivariateModel Youcanenterthesixparametersofthebivariatemodel: 66 E(logitSe)expectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedsensitivity. E(logitSp)expectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedspecificity. Var(logitSe)betweenstudyvarianceoflogittransformedsensitivity. Var(logitSp)betweenstudyvarianceoflogittransformedspecificity. Cov(logits)covariancebetweenlogittransformedsensitivityandspecificity

Diagnostictestaccuracyreviews Corr(logits)correlationbetweenlogittransformedofsensitivityandspecificity

TheseparameterscanbecalculatedusingSASorSTATAsoftware.Detailsandsoftwarecodetofitthebivariate modelcanbefoundinReitsmaetal.(2005) References: 1.ReitsmaJB,GlasAS,RutjesAWS,ScholtenRJPM,BossuytPM,ZwindermanAH.Bivariateanalysisof sensitivityandspecificityproducesinformativesummarymeasuresindiagnosticreviews.JournalofClinical Epidemiology.2005;58(10):98290. 2.RutterCM,GatsonisCA.Ahierarchicalregressionapproachtometaanalysisofdiagnostictestaccuracy evaluations.StatMed.2001;20(19):286584.

CREATINGCONFIDENCEANDPREDICTIONREGIONS
Basedontheresultsofthebivariatemodel,youcanalsocreate95%confidenceellipseforthemeanvalueof sensitivityandspecificityorshowthe95%predictionellipsethatislikelytocontainthetruevaluesofanew individualstudy.ThefollowingparametersneedtobeimportedintoReVMan: SE(E(logitSe))standarderroroftheexpectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedsensitivity. SE(E(logitSp))standarderroroftheexpectedmeanvalueoflogittransformedofspecificity. Cov(Es)covariancebetweenexpectedmeanlogitsensitivityandspecificity Studiesthenumberofstudiesintheanalysis.

2.Clickoneormoreofthefollowingcheckboxes: Toobtainasummarycurve,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplaysummarycurve. Toobtainasummarypoint,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplaysummarypoint. Toobtaina95%confidenceregion,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplay95%confidenceregion. Toobtaina95%predictionregion,clickcheckboxinfontofDisplay95%predictionregion.

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Appendices
Appendix1:ChangesfromRevMan4
Interfacechanges Theinterfacehasbeencompletelyrebuilt,andthemostimportantchangesare: RevManisnowdocumentbased,sothateditingareviewismorelikeworkingonasingledocument. Thenewtexteditorallowsmoreflexibleformattinginmoresectionsofthereview.Thisincludesthe useofsubheadings,embeddingtablesinthetext,andtheuseofnestedlists(listswithinlists) TrackChangesandanotesystemtomakecollaboratingonarevieweasier. Anadvancedundosystemthatallowsyoutoundoeverythingfromsmalltexteditstothedeletionof wholestudiesandcomparisons. Realtimespellcheckingandvalidationofreviewstohelpminimizeerrors. Theabilitytoreorganiseelementsusingsimplemoveandrenumberfunctions. FunctionsforconnectingtotheArchieserverandusingitfordocumentstorageandexchange, allowingauthors,membersoftheeditorialteam,andeditorstoaccessthecorrectversionofthe review.

Changestoreviewstructure Maintext Newstructureforthemaintext. Thetitleandthetextfortheplainlanguagesummaryarestoredinseparatefields. Appendicescanbeincluded,witheachappendixhavingitsownidentifier,nameandcontent.

Textsections Moreformattingoptionsinmoresections. Linksavailableforindividualgraphs,tables,feedback,appendicesandwebsites. Userdefinedtablescanbeembeddedinthetext. Headingstylesforuserdefinedsubheadings. Ordered(numbered)lists. Nestedlists(listswithinlists). Morespecialcharacters,includingtheEurocharacter(),available. SimpleTrackChangesfunctionality. NewsectiontodescribethedifferencesbetweentheProtocolandtheFullReview.

ReviewInformation RenamedfromCoverSheettoReview/Protocolinformation Improvedstructureforthedatesassociatedwithareview: Datereviewwaslastassessedasuptodateadded. Threesearchdatescombinedintoone:Dateoflastsearch(withtheoutcomeofthissearch beingdescribedintheWhatsnewsection). DatenextstageexpectedfieldaddedforFullReviews(previouslyonlyavailablefor Protocols).

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Appendices Date/timeoflasteditautomaticallystoredforallsections(thiswillnotbepublished). Dateoflastminorupdatehasbeenremoved. Datereviewreformattedhasbeenremoved. Datereviewersconclusionamendedhasbeenremoved. Datecomment/criticismaddedhasbeenremoved. Dateresponsetocomment/criticismaddedhasbeenremoved.

Whatsnewsectionrestructuredtobecomealistofrevisionentries,eachhavingadate,atypeof revision(update,amendment,etc.)andadescriptionofthechanges. Optiontodeclareareviewas'stable'andunlikelytorequireafutureupdate. FieldtoallowthetypeofsupporttobedescribedforeachSourceofsupport. New,unpublishedfieldsforkeepingtrackofreviews: Versionnumberthatisincreasedforeachrevisionofareview. FieldforstoringtheversionnumberforthecopyofRevManlastusedtoeditthereview. Fieldforstoringthewithdrawnstatus. FieldforstoringtheidentifierfortheReviewGroup.

Tables

Unpublishednotescanbeaddedtomostsectionsofthereview.

Tablesaremoreadvanced,includingabilitytodefinetextalignmentandmergecells. SummaryofFindingstables. FootnotessectionforAdditionaltables. Maximumnumberofcolumnsinadditionaltablesisincreasedto15. Riskofbiastablesthatassessoneormoreitemsforeachstudy. MethodscolumnfortheTableofongoingstudies. Characteristicsofstudiesawaitingclassificationtable(replacingCharacteristicsofstudiesawaiting assessment),withastructureidenticaltotheCharacteristicsofincludedstudiestable. Authordefinedorderofrowsinthetablesshowingcharacteristicsofstudies,allowingsortingby study,year,anduserdefinedorder.

Studiesandreferences Maximumlengthofstudyidentifiersincreasedto30characters. Maximumlengthofotherreferenceidentifiersincreasedto50characters. Maximumnumberofreferencesperstudyincreasedto999(from99). ANandIDfieldsforreferencesarereplacedbytwostructuredlistsofidentifiers:oneatthestudylevel (e.g.ISRCTN,ClinicalTrials.gov)andoneatthereferencelevel(e.g.PubMed,DOI).Eachlistentryis inputasanidentifierandvaluepair.

Dataandanalysis Resultsofthestatisticalcalculationsarestoredwithinreviews,basedonthedefaultsettingsspecified bytheauthor. Selectionofgraphstobegivenprominenceinthepublishedversion. Inversevariancemethodaddedfordichotomousdata.

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RevMan5UserGuide Testfordifferencesamongsubgroupsadded,whichisstoredasaQanddfvalueforeachsubgroup andoutcome. Numberofdecimalplacesindatatablesisuserdefined. Maximumlengthofgraphlabels,e.g.favoursexperimental,favourscontrol,increasedto30 characters. Datacanbeaddedmorethanonceforastudyunderthesameoutcomeorsubgroup. Moreoptionsforchoosingscalesongraphs. Labeltodescribetheunitsforcontinuousdata. Footnotesfieldforeachrowofstudydata. Captionfieldforeachgraph(outcome). Maximumnumberofcomparisonsincreasedto999(from99). FieldtostoreauserdefinednamefortheOEandVarianceeffectmeasure. Abilitytoswapeventsandnoneventsfordichotomousdata.

Contactdetails FormatforcontactdetailsmatchestheArchieformat. PeoplearelinkedtotheirrecordinArchieratherthanbeingeditedinRevMan. OneaffiliatedpersonwillbetheContactPerson. Affiliationlistisorderedsothatthereview'sbylineisgeneratedautomatically. Groupnamescanbeusedastheauthors. Affiliatedpeoplecanhavefootnotes,e.g.'Deceased','Previousauthor'.

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