LCCCRSP Ar2010 Final

Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program
2010 Annual Report
Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change

Collaborative Research Support Program
2010 Annual Report
LCC CRSP
Edited by Sarah Lupis, Jessica Davis, and Richard Bowen Cover Design by Sarah Lupis
Published by the Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change CRSP Management Entity Colorado State University 109 South Campus CRG Building Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1644 Telephone: (970) 297-5060 Fax: (970) 297-4321 Email: csucrsp@colostate.edu Website: http://lcccrsp.org
Cover Photo by Dana Hoag, Livestock-Climate Change CRSP. Cattle and other livestock are an important source of wealth in developing countries, acting as a living savings account. Livestock can be the pathway out of poverty, providing a financial buffer against risks, increasing income, improving access to market opportunities. Livestock production also provides animal-source foods that are critical to human nutrition and health. However, livestock production relies on natural resources and a healthy environment, currently under threat from climate change. The LCC CRSP researches the impacts of climate change on livestock production systems and its direct and indirect challenges to livestock, human health, and the environment with the goal of improving the lives and livelihoods of livestock keepers.
This publication was made possible by the United States Agency for International Development and the generous support of the American people through Grant No. EEM-A-00-10-00001. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. government.
Printed on Recycled Paper
PREFACE
The Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program publishes an annual report in compliance with grant requirements. The 2010 Annual Report documents work completed during the fiscal/project year, April 20, 2010 to April 20, 2011. The principal investigators for each project submit reports on research conducted with LCC CRSP funding. Each report is the expression of the principal investigator with editing by the Management Entity. All individual reports give the name, address, telephone number, and email address of the principal investigator for that project. Inquiries are welcome. Annual Report Coordinator Sarah Lupis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Program Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 2010-2011 LCC CRSP Key Achievements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seed Grant Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Seed Grant Project Activities East Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A Cost-Effectiveness Framework for Landscape Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration in North Kenya (CARBON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Climate Variability, Pastoralism, and Commodity Chains in Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate (HALI-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate from the Ground Up (PTRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Seed Grant Project Activities West Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 La Gestion des Systmes Fluviaux pour lAvenir/River Systems for the Future (GSFA/RIVERS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Risk, Perception, Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Niger and Tanzania (RPRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Transhumance, Natural Resources, and Conflict in the Sahel: A Pilot Project (TRANS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Seed Grant Project Activities Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change (FORT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Increasing Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders Under a Changing Climate Through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and Community-Based Conservation (REMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Mali Associate Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Mali Poultry Project (MPP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative (MLPI-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Training and Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 LCC CRSP Project Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Collaborating Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 LCC CRSP Publications and Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Annual Report 2010
Forward
In 2010, President Barack Obama launched the Feed the Future (FTF) initiative in response to the stark chronic hunger and devastating poverty that globally affects more than one billion people. Since that time, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) have been working to develop a framework for the research that is needed to support this endeavor. Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs) have a vital role to play in shaping and implementing research in support of the FTF to help identify the most promising strategies for addressing the causes and consequences of food insecurity. The FTF research strategy should continue to place emphasis on improving livestock production. Animal agriculture is one of the largest sectors of agricultural economies in most developing and transition countries, accounting for up to 50 percent of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) in some. As economies grow, the proportion of agricultural GDP represented by livestock production typically increases. Worldwide, 1.3 billion people depend partially or entirely on livestock for their livelihoods, and livestock keeping often is a last resort for people without alternatives. In resource-poor households, livestock continue to anchor the economic and nutritional subsistence of families most at risk of food insecurity. The demand for livestock products is increasing. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) projected that meat production was expected to increase by 2.7 percent per year between 1993 and 2020. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations estimates that developing countries will produce 143 million tons of meat, but as a group, will also increase net meat imports twenty-fold. To be sustainable, countries need to meet their own demands for livestock products and address the challenge of sustainably producing livestock given the myriad challenges that stem from climate change (reduced natural resource availability, increased disease risk) and other factors (land degradation, land tenure/conflict, weak infrastructure, market access, etc.). Sustainable agricultural production cannot be achieved without addressing livestock production because livestock production and crop production are intricately linked. Livestock and crop production often complement each other. Livestock manure is an important input into cropping systems, and residue from crop systems is a critical source of fodder for livestock systems. Mixed farming systems offer many advantages over crops alone and help to decrease risk through diversification. According to FAO, about twothirds of milk and meat in developing countries is produced in mixed farming systems. Mixed crop-livestock farms produce more than 40 percent of the meat and more than 90 percent of the worlds milk production. Sustainability of a food and agricultural production system will therefore depend on the strength and the vitality of its self-reinforcing linkages and feedback systems. Sustainable food and agriculture in mixed farming systems is not possible without establishing or enhancing linkages between forest and rangeland resources, livestock production, soil fertility and land resources, and farm families and nutrition. Therefore, research on sustainable production and human nutrition/health, within a broader economic context, must address farming systems from a holistic perspective. However, in this system humans and animals live in close proximity, and climate change creates conditions that allow zoonotic disease vectors to proliferate and spread more easily. Feeding the future must also address related issues of animal health, both to ensure livestock productivity and protect human health.
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Livestock are a valuable tool in the fight against malnutrition in the developing world. Livestock products (meat, milk, eggs) provide nutrient-dense calories that can help boost human nutrition and health. Micronutrient malnutrition, sometimes called hidden hunger, affects one in three children in the developing world, causing stunting, reducing cognitive ability, and putting pregnant women and their unborn children at greater risk for complications and death. Livestock production is a critical source of animal-source protein. Animal-source foods provide essential amino acids and vitamins, such as B12, and are rich in iron, a mineral especially important to children and pregnant women for preventing anemia. Initiated in the same year as FTF, the Livestock-Climate Change CRSP is eager to shape and be shaped by the on-going FTF initiative. During this year, our focus has shifted to better align with FTF. For example, we have decided to focus our efforts specifically on FTF countries, anticipating that the tools, technologies, and ideas generated there can be exported to benefit livestock keepers in other countries. We look forward to continuing to participate with the rest of the U.S. and international academic and development community in striving to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of halving the number of people living in extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015.
Annual Report 2010
Program Overview
The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP was initiated in April 2010. This first year has been largely devoted to establishing a foundation for long-term success. The program is comprised of interdisciplinary projects focused on economic growth, environment, human welfare and nutrition, and livestock production as influenced by global climate change. The projects involve researchers from 13 U.S. universities; nine host country universities; 10 national research institutions; seven governmental bodies representing the local, regional, and national levels; eight non-governmental organizations; one private sector hospital; the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA). The program is currently active in East Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, and Tanzania), West Africa (Mali and Senegal), and Asia (Mongolia, Nepal, and Tajikistan).
History
The Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program (hereafter, Livestock-Climate Change CRSP or LCC CRSP) was established in 2010 through a $15 million Leader with Associates award from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). This first phase (Phase I) extends through 2015. The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP was funded under the authorization of Title XII of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1975 to achieve the mutual goals among nations of ensuring food security, human health, agricultural growth, trade expansion, and the wise and sustainable use of natural resources. The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP is one of ten Collaborative Research Support Programs. The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP has its origins in the previous Global Livestock CRSP (GL-CRSP). Originally established in 1978 as the Small Ruminant CRSP (SR-CRSP), the Global Livestock CRSP was one of nine CRSP programs developed under Title XII. The CRSP model, pioneered by the SR-CRSP, was built on the structural strengths of U.S. land-grant universities and collaborative partnerships with international organizations. In 1995, the SR-CRSP began a major restructuring of the program in response to USAIDs own restructuring efforts and the changing needs of the international development community; the GL-CRSP emerged.
GL-CRSP Transformed
The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP builds on the successes of the previous CRSP while addressing new and emerging challenges related to global climate change. Livestock production is closely tied to the state of environmental, human, and animal health. Climate change impacts each one individually and the relationships among them. Livestock keepers are also encountering changes within their political, socio-economic, and land tenure systems, further compounding the uncertainties they face in livestock production and management due to climate change. Smallholder producers, especially subsistence pastoralists, are finding traditional coping mechanisms to be less effective as long-established socio-economic systems are altered by globalization. Consequently, they are seeking to increase their adaptive capacity in an increasingly uncertain social, political, and natural environment.
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP
Climate Change
Environment
Humans
Livestock
Humans, livestock, and the environment are integrally linked. Climate change impacts each one and also the relationships among them.
Climate change impacts both the social and environmental dimensions of livestock, environmental, and human health.
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Annual Report 2010
Global Plan
The vision of the LCC CRSP is to be recognized as a leading facilitator of innovative and collaborative research that enhances the resilience of livestock keepers to climate change impacts in dryland regions of developing countries. Research efforts support USAIDs development goals of ensuring food security, human health, agricultural growth, trade expansion, and the wise and sustainable use of natural resources. To fulfill this vision, we catalyze and coordinate innovative, systems-based research to reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity of livestock keepers to climate change in dryland regions. We are committed to a pro-poor focus, innovation, sound science, gender equality, healthy nutrition, and working with diverse partners. The LCC CRSP supports research focused on large and small ruminant systems in dryland regions of East Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, and Tanzania), West Africa (Mali and Senegal), and Asia (Nepal and Tajikistan). These research initiatives will complement and augment successful country- and regional-level processes and partnerships by:
Building sustainable research capacity

Well trained, innovative scientists and leaders are essential to building a sustainable, prosperous future. The LCC CRSP enhances research capacity in each target region by training graduate students, supporting professional research networks, strengthening research and educational institutions, and providing opportunities for research collaboration through fellowships, grants, conferences, and inter-agency projects. Through these activities, we will ensure that research capacity continues to grow and becomes self-sustaining in these regions.
Expanding income opportunities and increasing stability for livestock keepers

To increase resilience to climate change impacts, the LCC CRSP expands access of livestock keepers to markets and inputs that decrease dependence on resources limited by climate change. Opportunities to diversify income are being explored, including alternative livestock enterprises and new and innovative markets for climate change mitigation, such as payment for greenhouse gas emission reduction and carbon sequestration. The LCC CRSP is fostering new income producing enterprises, such as biogas production, that provide co-benefits in mitigation and adaptation. One special area of focus is on income opportunities and diversification to enhance food security and dietary quality while encouraging the inclusion of women. These are areas that have received very little attention and where the LCC CRSP aims to make a significant impact.
Advancing management practices to adapt to climate change

Climate change in dryland areas can impact disease dynamics, reduce forage productivity, and decrease water access, making it critical to improve resource efficiency and ensure good animal health status. To address this need, the LCC CRSP will identify practices that optimize the use of limited resources, improve animal health programs and livestock productivity, and ultimately improve human health and nutrition. Improved management practices include changes in livestock species and combinations; adjustments to herd size, migratory patterns, disease management, forage quality and utilization; and improved access to water. In addition, access to weather forecasting and climate impact information can help livestock keepers manage risk, enhance resilience, and make better decisions. Tailoring climate information for both policy makers and livestock keepers is an important part of this process.
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Training Plan
Training is integral to the LCC CRSP portfolio and the LCC CRSP Global Plan recognizes human capacity building as a key component of achieving broader research and development goals. The LCC CRSP design, therefore, provides for a wide range of training possibilities and uses both traditional and innovative strategies to achieve its training goals.
Degree Training
The LCC CRSP provides funding for operational and research costs to both U.S. and host-country graduate students. Project team members are encouraged to leverage funds to support tuition for graduate students.
Non-Degree Training
Short-term training is a cost-effective way to build capacity of students, community members, project participants, development professionals, host-country professors, and others. Project teams incorporate various non-degree training into their overall work plans.
Graduate Student Fellowship Program

The Graduate Student Fellowship Program (GSFP) awards provide partial support for graduate students in order to improve the overall quality of their research and prepare them for interdisciplinary careers. Fellows are expected to become specialists who can contribute to research regarding the adaptation of livestock systems to climate change in the LCC CRSP countries of focus. Selected fellows must propose to conduct research in one or more of the focus countries. In this way, the LCC CRSP aims to build research capacity.
Build Capacity of Institutional Partners

The LCC CRSP aims to build both human and institutional capacity simultaneously within host-country partner institutions. Through project funding, university linkages, technology transfer, and other program enhancement activities, the LCC CRSP addresses key shortcomings within these partner institutions.
Characteristics of LCC CRSP Projects

The LCC CRSP facilitates innovative collaborative research for development based on the following principles: Research should be demand-driven, solutions-oriented, innovative, and have a distinctly pro-poor focus with considerable resources invested in problem assessment at the appropriate local or regional level. Impacts should emphasize human outcomes (especially those related to human nutrition and livelihood improvement), involvement of the local community, development of research-extension links, and the building of partnerships with diverse stakeholders. Identification and communication of key policy issues should be an integral component of project planning and implementation. Integration of gender concerns and appropriate gender analysis should be an integral part of project research and results.
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Annual Report 2010
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Projects

It is important to note that the Livestock-Climate Change CRSP program is not a static set of activities but a constantly evolving and dynamic array of problem-focused projects. The iterative process that developed the original core idea of the program continues to evolve as new research findings, and new operational constraints, guide the LCC CRSP portfolio. In this first year, the LCC CRSP has focused on establishing a portfolio of Seed Grant Program (SGPs) projects from which Long-Term Research Program (LTRPs) projects will emerge. In addition to SGP projects and LTRP projects the LCC CRSP will fund a limited number of small grant projects on topics of special interest.
Seed Grant Program

Seed Grant Program projects are one-year endeavors designed to lay the foundation for a longer-term research program or to address smaller-scale projects. This process allows research teams to refine their problem model, test data collection techniques, and refine team composition to fit their evolving problem model and ensure that key partners are engaged. Part-way through the project year, SGP projects are evaluated by the LCC CRSP and are also asked to produce a research proposal. The proposals are then evaluated in a final competition for LTRP awards.
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Organizational Structure

The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP is administered as a cooperative agreement between Colorado State University (CSU) and USAID. Colorado State University, as the Management Entity (ME), administers subawards to participating U.S. institutions and maintains fiscal responsibility. The LCC CRSP Program Director is responsible for representing the LCC CRSP to USAID in Washington D.C., program development, coordinating activities of the projects across and within regions, and overseeing daily program operations. The Advisory Board provides advice and guidance on the scientific management of the LCC CRSP. The External Review Panel (ERP) provides objective evaluations of proposals and projects on an as-needed basis.
USAID Agreement Officers Technical Representative

Joyce Turk, Senior Livestock Advisor, Bureau of Food Security
Management Entity
Mo Salman, Principal Investigator Jessica Davis, Director Dana Hoag, Associate Director Shana Gillette, Integrated Research Director
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Advisory Board
Linda Logan, Head of the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University John McDermott, Deputy Director General-Research, International Livestock Research Institute Nancy Morgan, Economist, Food and Agricultural Organization of the U.N. Jesse Njoka, Senior Lecturer, Department of Land Resources and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi Jimmy Smith, Team Leader for the Global Livestock Portfolio at The World Bank
Lead Principal Investigators

Jay Angerer, Texas A&M University Maria Fernandez-Gimenez, Colorado State University Kathleen Galvin, Colorado State University Ian Gardner, University of California, Davis Niall Hanan, South Dakota State University Nanda Joshi, Michigan State University Michael Lacy, University of Georgia Peter Little, Emory University John McPeak, Syracuse University Sandra Russo, University of Florida Daniel Rubenstein, Princeton University
External Review Panel

Ozzie Abaye, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University DeeVon Bailey, Utah State University Larry Granger, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health Mark Powell, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) (Chari, ERP) Gene Takle, Iowa State University Tom Wirth, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Milton Boyd, University of Manitoba
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2010-2011 LCC CRSP Key Achievements

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Achievement Strategy
The Livestock-Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program (LCC CRSP) supports one major initiative affecting future international development planning: President Obamas Feed the Future (FTF) initiative. All LCC CRSP project activities are structured to incorporate FTF objectives in addition to the research and development and capacity building activities unique to the CRSP model. 2. Improve nutritional status (especially of women and children) a. Prevent undernutrition through communitybased programs b. Improve diet quality and diversity c. Improve delivery of nutrition services by health systems linked to community-based programs The FTF Research Strategy outlines three general categories of priorities. According to the Research Strategy, these three themes join together in the concept of sustainable intensification. The FTF research themes are: 1. Advancing the Productivity Frontier. A focus of the FTF research strategy will be on breeding and genetics for major crops and livestock and vaccine development for livestock diseases. To more effectively integrate the use of these technologies among poor farmers, research under this theme will also address socio-behavioral factors and incentive structures/policy context related to technology adoption. 2. Transforming Production Systems. Research will focus on natural resources and the integration of research advances (e.g., those from research theme 1) within production systems where poverty and malnutrition are concentrated. Research will include natural and social sciences and will contribute to improved stability of food production, incomes, and farmer resilience. 3. Enhancing Food Safety and Nutrition. Nutrition and health outcomes will be improved by employing technologies as well as policies that promote enhanced diet quality, especially for women and young children.
Feed the Future

The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP supports President Obamas FTF initiative, a multi-year development effort designed to achieve the MDG of halving the number of people living in poverty and hunger by 2015. Livestock-Climate Change CRSP research activities are designed to integrate with FTF goals and objectives. As the FTF Initiative continues to develop, the LCC CRSP will make appropriate adjustments to incorporate FTF goals and objectives in addition to engaging in the research, development, and capacity building activities that are unique to the CRSP model. The overarching goal of the FTF initiative is to sustainably reduce global hunger and poverty by tackling their root causes and employing proven strategies for achieving large scale and lasting impact. Two objectives of the FTF initiative are to: 1. Accelerate inclusive agriculture sector growth a. Improve agricultural productivity b. Expand markets and trade c. Increase economic resilience in vulnerable rural communities
Annual Report 2010
2010-2011 LCC CRSP Project Portfolio

Risk, Perception, Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Niger and Tanzania (RPRA)
Building on household interviews conducted during the 2004/2005 food crisis, the RPRA project is developing indicators of pastoral community vulnerability and resilience to climate change, and determine culturally appropriate livelihood strategies and adaptations for coping with impacts including land degradation, reduced access to food and water, and poor health and sanitation.
A Cost-Effectiveness Framework for Landscape Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration in North Kenya (CARBON)
The CARBON project is working to improve rangeland management, mitigate climate change, improve pastoralist livelihoods, and provide skills and training to young scientists by developing participatory tools for evaluating land health, assessing its potential for degradation and predicting where management actions will increase carbon sequestration, ecosystem functions, and forage production in North Kenya.
Transhumance, Natural Resource and Conflict in the Sahel: A Pilot Project (TRANS)
TRANS will develop methods for mapping the location, status and use of migration routes used by Malian pastoralists and their livestock to access seasonally available water and forage. This effort will ultimately reduce or prevent conflicts between mobile pastoralist and sedentary agro-pastoralist communities likely to escalate in a changing climate.
Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate from the Ground Up (PTRF)
The PTRF team is working with Maasai pastoralists to co-create strategies for sustaining livestock production based on an understanding of the most important climate and social changes affecting livestock management and the cultural, socioeconomic and physical impediments to climate change adaptation.
La Gestion des Systmes Fluviaux pour lAvenir/Managing River Systems for the Future (GSFA/RIVERS)
In response to increased conflict between mobile livestock producers and rice farmers, GSFA/ RIVERS is predicting the impact of climate change on vegetation in the Niger and Senegal River floodplains. This ecosystem supports livestock production through forage and rice cultivation. GSFA/RIVERS will enhance food security for and reduce conflicts between rice farmers and pastoralists by identifying areas where conversion to rice cultivation may be least disruptive to livestock production and movements of pastoralists and their livestock.
Climate Variability, Pastoralism, and Commodity Chains in Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS)
The CHAINS project aims to improve policy impacts on pastoral marketing and commodity chains through evaluation of interactions between climate, market access for pastoral livestock producers, and commodity chains in Ethiopia and Kenya.
Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate (HALI-2)
The HALI-2 project is implementing a program to reduce vulnerability for pastoralists in Tanzania to altered disease dynamics brought about by climate change by improving regional capacity for predicting, diagnosing and responding to livestock
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP health problems through integration of data on diseases, environment, economics and climate. NY, MI, SD, TX, UT, VT, WI) are engaging in these efforts. The SGP was extended to Nepal and the LCC CRSP released the Seed Grant Program for Nepal request for proposals (RFP) on January 28, 2011. A total of 13 proposals were received. Proposal review was ongoing at the end of FY2010.
Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change (FORT)
The FORT project team is working to overcome current and predicted forage shortages brought on by changes in political structure and climate change-induced drought conditions by transferring drought-resistant forage crop and shrub technology through the establishment of on-farm demonstration sites in four regions of Tajikistan.
2011 Annual Meeting

The 2011 Annual Meeting was held April 2627, 2010 in Golden, CO. Over the course of the two-day meeting, the nearly 50 participants heard project updates from the nine SGP projects and the Mali Associate Award projects (i.e., the Mali Poultry Project and the Mali Livestock and Pastoralists Initiative-Phase 2 Project). In addition, Dr. Sandra L. Russo, program director and associate scholar of International Development, and Dr. Grace S. Marquis, associate professor and Canadian research chair in social and environmental aspects of nutrition, spoke about incorporating gender equity and human nutrition into LCC CRSP research. A project leader or collaborator from each SGP project presented their progress to date. The ME also presented plans for SGP project evaluation and renewal to collaborating scientists.
Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders Under a Changing Climate Through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and CommunityBased Conservation (REMM)
The REMM ream is empowering Mongolian pastoralists to adapt to climate change by creating a system to monitor and manage rangeland health. With pastoralists, they are developing indicators and conducting training in community-based adaptive ecosystem management.
Key Achievements
Seed Grant Program
The LCC CRSP established the foundation for the Phase I program with the Seed Grant Program (SGPs) and Graduate Student Fellowship Program (GSFP) during the first half of Fiscal Year 2010 (FY2010). The SGP was initiated in order to cast a wide net and engage with the greatest number of cooperating researchers as possible. In subsequent years, some SGP projects will graduate to multi-year LTRPs initiatives. Seed Grant Program projects were initiated in the second and third quarters of FY2010. Projects are on-going in nine different countries. Fourteen U.S. universities and their partner institutions representing 13 states (CA, CO, FL, GA, NJ, NM,
Mali Associate Award

The Mali Associate Award was established on July 29, 2010 to improve the productivity and income of livestock producers in the northern regions of Mali by enabling them to access technologies and build the capacity of all actors involved in the development of an extensive livestock system. The projects implementation is led by CSU, in association with Texas A&M University (TAMU), Syracuse University, University of Wisconsin, University of Arizona, South Dakota State University (SDSU), the University of Georgia (UGA), and several national partners in Mali. This consortium will work to promote the development of an extensive livestock sector; empower pastoralists and improve their capacity for risk management; create equitable livestock information and
Annual Report 2010 communication systems that provide monitoring and analysis technology to foster strategic partnerships between pastoral communities, markets and policy; develop and integrate markets; improve poultry production and increase the consumption of poultry meat and eggs to improve human nutrition; and build the capacity of Mali to sustain new techniques and technologies. The LCC CRSP communications program disseminates pertinent information in multiple forms for various purposes. This program consists of the LCC CRSP website, social media outlets (Twitter, Facebook, Slideshare, YouTube), newsletters, press releases, reports, and program, research and policy briefs. The communications coordinator also keeps track of articles submitted to newspapers, magazines, and other websites or posted on social media sites that highlight LCC CRSP activities or researchers. Website Development. The LCC CRSP web site was launched as www.csucrsp.org in May, 2010. In January 2011 the web site URL was changed to www.lcccrsp.org. Over the course of this first year, the LCC CRSP has made several changes to the web site to improve navigation and the overall user experience. On September 28, 2010, the LCC CRSP started tracking web site traffic via Google Analytics, a free service that generates detailed statistics on website visits. Since website tracking began, visits and pageviews have increased. Comparisons are not
Technical Advisory Groups

The LCC CRSP recruited scientists to serve on the External Review Panel and provide a technical review of proposals for two separate calls: the SGP and the Seed Grant Program for Nepal.
Communications Program
Six months after the establishment of the LCC CRSP at CSU, the LCC CRSP hired a communications specialist who started in October 2010. She is now coordinating the communications program, producing the quarterly newsletter, editing LCC CRSP publications, and enhancing the effective sharing of LCC CRSP publications and achievements.
Livestock Climate-Change CRSP website data September 2010-May 2011. September February 20112010-January 2011 May 2011 Visits 1,029 4,841 Pageviews 3,395 13,976 Pages/Visit 3.30 2.89 Bounce Rate 54.52% 48.13% Avg. Time on Site 00:03:50 00:03:34 (hr:min:sec) Percent New Visits 50.83% 54.33%
Total 5,870 17,371 N/A N/A N/A N/A
% Difference 470.45% 411.66% N/A N/A N/A N/A
Visit: a period of interaction between a persons browser and a particular website, ending when the browser is closed or shut down, or when the user was inactive on that site for 30 minutes. Pageview: an instance of a web page being loaded by a browser. Pages/Visit: average number of pages viewed during each visit. Bounce Rate: the percentage of single-page visits (i.e., the person left the site from the homepage). Avg. Time on Site: Time on site: how long a visitor is connected. Time on site can be misleading because visitors often leave browser windows open when they are not actually viewing or using a site. New Visit: a computer accessing the website for the first time.
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP management, and climate change issues. Our total number of fans has increased steadily since the page was created, including followers from Kenya, Nepal, and Ethiopia. Our Facebook page can be viewed at http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/ LivestockCRSP. In addition, the LCC CRSP created a Twitter account to update subscribers on pertinent activities of USAID, non-governmental organizations, universities, and other actors in the international agricultural research field. Since activating the site, our total number of followers has increased to 52 and includes individuals and academic, development, media, and governmental organizations. Our tweets are featured on four lists, including one hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Our twitter account is www.twitter.com/livestockcrsp. Listserv. In order to facilitate timely communications with LCC CRSP research partners and supporters, the program established an email listserv. Since its inception, the listserv has grown to include over 400 subscribers. The LCC CRSP ME sends out announcements about upcoming events, new publications, funding opportunities, and other pertinent information via the listserv. The LCC CRSP web site contains a subscription link: http:// lcccrsp.org/contact-us/. Publications. The LCC CRSP Newsletter, Chronicles, is published quarterly; a PDF is made available online at http://lcccrsp.org/publications/newsletter/ and approximately 300 paper copies are distributed, by request. Chronicles provides concise updates on LCC CRSP activities, accomplishments, and future events. Issues in FY2010 were published in November 2010 and February 2010. Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Program Briefs succinctly summarize key aspects of the LivestockClimate Change CRSPs activities related to overarching strategic themes including gender equality, food security, human health, agricultural growth, trade expansion, and the wise and
Top 10 Countries Visiting the LCC CRSP Website. New Visits Country Visits (percent) United States 2,370 41 Nepal 554 64 Ethiopia 519 56 Kenya 390 59 India 73 85 Sudan 62 13 United Kingdom 61 84 Mali 50 62 Germany 37 84 Uganda 36 86
available for other metrics because changing the URL in January 2011 reset values Google Analytics. The LCC CRSP website has a global reach. A key improvement to the web site was the addition of a Google Translate button, a free application that allows users to view the web site in various languages. This translate function has greatly improved the user experience for non-English speakers. In addition, some key publications are also posted in French and Russian. Visits since January 2011 came from 111 countries, using 32 languages. About half of all website visitors since January 2011 were from the U.S. About half of the visits were direct traffic (visitor entered the URL directly) and a quarter were generated by search engines. The rest were from other websites with links to the LCC CRSP website, with the LCC CRSP Facebook page and USAID/Nepal websites referring the highest percentage of visits. It is also worth noting that the LCC CRSP website was accessed via mobile devices, some of which were from countries other than the U.S. Social Media. The LCC CRSP team recognized that social networks are an important means to reach a larger audience, so the LCC CRSP has a Facebook page, which is updated regularly with links to publications, news, and additional information about livestock production, natural resource
Annual Report 2010 sustainable use of natural resources. In FY2010, the LCC CRSP published two Program Briefs: 1. Livestock-Climate Change Research Strategy (PB-01-2010) 2. Livestock, climate change, and nutrition: leveraging livestock to improve livelihoods (PB02-2011) Research Briefs disseminate knowledge generated by LCC CRSP partners and quickly communicate this information to development practitioners. These briefs are based on a variety of technical material, including peer-reviewed journal articles, reports, and books published by LCC CRSP research partners. Policy Briefs offer a concise summary of findings with direct policy implications or recommendations for sustainable development, provide decision makers with easily accessible policy-relevant information, and enhance and deepen understanding of often complex policy issues. No Research or Policy Briefs were published in FY2010. LCC CRSP Publicity. Part of the LCC CRSP vision is to establish the program as a leader in international research that enhances the resilience of livestock keepers to climate change impacts in dryland regions. The LCC CRSP communications program works to raise the profile of the program, promote the program as a respected authority on the impacts of climate change on livestock production, and disseminate LCC CRSP generated knowledge around the world. To this end, the LCC CRSP communications program distributes stories to newspapers, magazines, and other websites. The LCC CRSP was included as one of several research highlights related to climate science at CSU in Today@ColoradoState in November 2011: http://www.today.colostate.edu/story.aspx?id=4888. As a result, the LCC CRSP was also mentioned in an article in the Northern Colorado Business Report: http://www.ncbr.com/print_article. asp?aID=54694. The selection of SGP projects was highlighted in CSUs College of Veterinary Medicine and
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Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS) e-insight newsletter in November 2010: http://www.cvmbs.colostate. edu/ns/pubs/einsight/2010/november/crsp.aspx. News that the LCC CRSP funded the HALI-2 project, part of the Health for Animals and Livelihoods (HALI) project, through the SGP was shared with their cooperators and supports via the HALI Project blog: http://haliproject.wordpress. com/2010/10/25/hali-project-receives-new-grant-toexpand-livestock-research/. Funding of the HALI-2 project was also announced on the University of Vermonts Gund Institute web site: http://www. uvm.edu/giee/?Page=News&storyID=17166. In November, the PTRF project was highlighted on the ILRI blog (http://ilriclippings.wordpress. com/2010/10/28/colorado-kenyan-and-ilriresearchers-team-up-to-help-maasai-herders-adaptto-climate-change/), CSUs School of Global Environmental Sustainability web site (http://soges. colostate.edu/newsroom/csu-researchers-addressclimate-change-impacts-on-maasai-pastoralists-inkenya.html), and in Today@ColoradoState (http:// www.today.colostate.edu/printstory.aspx?ID=4768). Also in November, the CARBON project was noted on Princeton Universitys Grand Challenges web site (http://www.princeton.edu/grandchallenges/ news-archive/?id=4084) and on the Princeton Environmental Institute website (http://www. princeton.edu/pei/news/archive/?id=4084). In December, the MPP was highlighted in several outlets, including the UGAs Georgia Faces website (http://georgiafaces.caes.uga.edu/ index.cfm?public=viewStory&pk_id=3991), the Growing Georgia website (http://growinggeorgia. com/poultry/1212-uga-receives-grant-to-developsu), 1340WGAU.com (http://www.1340wgau. com/news/news/poultry_grant_for_uga/n5m9/), UGAs Office of the Vice President for Research (http://www.ovpr.uga.edu/news/article/20101207sustainable-poultry/), PoultryPro (http://www. poultrypro.com/africa/univ-georgia-receives-grantfor-mali-poultry-project-9122010/) , and Sunbelt Ag Network (http://www.sunbeltagnet.com/
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP story/13651755/uga-receives-grant-to-developsustainable-poultry-production-in-africa?clienttype= &redirected=true). Syracuse Universitys highlighted the GSFA/ RIVERS project in January (http://www.maxwell. syr.edu/news.aspx?id=77309413189 and http:// insidesu.syr.edu/2011/01/19/maxwell-schoolprofessor-to-lead-research-team-investigatingclimate-change-induced-conflict-in-senegal-andmali/). Also in January, ILRI promoted the publication of PB-002-2011 on nutrition and livestock development: http://ilriclippings.wordpress. com/2011/01/23/livestock-climate-changeand-nutrition-leveraging-livestock-to-improvelivelihoods/. That Program Brief was also distributed at an international conference, Leveraging Agriculture for Improving Nutrition and Health, held in New Delhi India in February. The MPP was in the news again in February, with an article about that teams trip to Mali in the Georgia Farm Bureau news: http://www.gfb.org/ gfbnews/GFBNewsMoreInfo.asp?RecordID=1183. This trip was also covered in a University of Denver College of Law article: http://enrlgp.blogspot. com/2011/03/adjunct-professor-catherine-keske. html The LCC CRSP aggregated news feed was promoted by ILRI in February: http://infoilri. wordpress.com/2011/02/15/livestock-climatechange-rss-aggregator/
LCC CRSP Themes and Impacts

The LCC CRSP links U.S. institutions with those in the developing under a common purpose to improve the lives and livelihoods of livestock producers and help them adapt livestock production systems to climate change. This vision is achieved through innovative, systems-based research, shortterm training programs designed to transfer skills and knowledge to stakeholders, and long-term degree programs that invest in the future scientific capacity of developing countries. Five themes guide the problem-solving focus of the LCC CRSP: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Building Sustainable Research Capacity Expanding Income Opportunities Advancing Management Practices Human Welfare and Nutrition Gender Equity human capacity building as a key component of achieving broader research and development goals. The LCC CRSP design, therefore, provides for a wide range of training possibilities and uses both traditional and innovative strategies to achieve its training goals. In FY2010, LCC CRSP projects engaged 410 participants (332 men, 78 women) in short-term training. Training covered topics ranging from qualitative and quantitative social science research field methods, GPS mapping, ecological site description assessment, climate change and weather, and livestock marketing. In addition, the LCC CRSP built research capacity by supporting 13 students (seven men, six women) from eight countries, as they pursued college and graduate degrees in disciplines including agricultural economics, dryland resource management, global public health, biology, and geographic information systems and hydrology.
Building Sustainable Research Capacity

Training is integral to the LCC CRSP portfolio, and the LCC CRSP Research Strategy recognizes
Expanding Income Opportunities

Globalization has expanded markets as it has simultaneously made the world a smaller place.
Annual Report 2010 Value chains are driven by consumer needs for access to affordable and nutritious foods and by the shifting supply of goods. Livestock value chains are impacted by a changing climate, which displaces herders, creates perturbations in feed supplies that result in lower production, and increases disease risk. In the regions where the LCC CRSP is focused, economic, social, and often political systems are in dramatic transition and markets, especially at the local and national levels, can be highly variable and tumultuous. The LCC CRSP realizes that one key factor in improving livelihoods is expanding income opportunities by expanding access to markets and inputs to decrease dependence on resources limited by climate change. The LCC CRSP CHAINS project is evaluating access to market chains by mobile herders and the impact of climate change-related risks on market access to determine which groups (including women) could benefit from improved access to markets and livestock production inputs. The MLPI-2 project has established a livestock market information system (LMIS) in over 21 markets to collect market data and communicate it to traders and livestock herders via cell phone. MLPI-2 is also developing methods and extension activities for supplemental feeding for value-added marketing of livestock. land management practices. As a result, in many places the natural resource base, upon which the rural poor are highly dependent, is degrading rapidly. The LCC CRSP is actively addressing propoor natural resource management by identifying practices that optimize the use of limited resources, improve animal health programs and livestock productivity, and ultimately improve human health and nutrition. Through a systems-based approach, the LCC CRSP is impacting natural resource management strategies and livelihoods, while building the scientific and community capacity required to adapt and respond to changing climatic and environmental conditions. Two projects, CARBON and REMM, address one of livestock productions most important natural resource issues: rangeland health. These projects are actively developing the scientific and social capacity required to manage rangeland resources, under pressure from a growing population, increased livestock grazing, and altered weather patterns. CARBON is developing techniques to improve rangeland condition and combat climate change through carbon sequestration, while REMM is training herders, conservation practitioners, and government agency staff how to monitor rangeland health. The LCC CRSP GSFA/RIVERS project addresses the demand placed on the river systems in Senegal for both rice and livestock production, seeking solutions that allow for the inevitable conversion of land to rice production while also managing the costs imposed on livestock production systems and the conflict induced by conversion. In neighboring Mali, the TRANS project is also addressing growing conflicts between pastoral and agricultural systems by mapping transhumance routes and conflict hot spots to better understand the physical and social factors that contribute to conflict as a first step towards reducing it. The MLPI-2 project, started under the GL-CRSP, is also focused on transhuman pastoralist populations, developing early-warning capabilities for monitoring surface water used by livestock in northern Mali.
Advancing Management Practices

Livestock production in the 21st century faces an array of environmental and social challenges. Weather, globalization, population, and disease by themselves or in combination create dynamic circumstances that increasingly try cultural, social, and economic systems. Further, these issues are no longer locally isolated, but now must be viewed through a global lens linked to major global environmental trends, especially climate change. Severe weather events are more frequent and more intense. Their impact on livestock production is often compounded by the use of unsustainable
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP The PTRF project is holding workshops and conducting interviews with pastoral communities in Kenya to better understand the climate and social factors affecting livestock management, marketing, and condition, and management of natural resources. Working together, pastoralists and scientists are co-creating locally-appropriate solutions to address the challenges of raising livestock given increased climate variability and socio-economic changes. In Tajikistan, the FORT project established on-farm demonstration sites to test locally adapted, droughttolerant forage crops and shrubs and teach agropastoralists about sustainable agricultural practices. and will have a surplus of meat and eggs to sell, providing needed income. The project is also researching vaccines for Newcastle disease to improve poultry health, reducing the risk of flock, and subsequent income, loss. The LCC CRSP project, HALI-2, is assessing livestock health services and pathogen diagnostic response capacity in the ecologically important Ruaha Region of Tanzania. By improving disease detection and veterinary care, HALI-2 is reducing disease risks for livestock and humans. The RPRA project is interviewing households in the wake of a food crisis to determine how their perceived risk of climate change is affecting their vulnerability, ability to adapt, and health, especially the health of children. Preliminary results indicate that households reporting an increase in climate change vulnerability tended to reduce the number of meals, decrease the amount of food per meal, use fasting days, and consume milk and meat produced by their livestock (vs. selling it) to cope. Understanding vulnerability perceptions and coping mechanisms is the first step in creating solutions that can improve resilience to climate change impacts and human health and nutrition, especially for children.
Human Welfare and Nutrition

The LCC CRSP recognizes that disease impacts not just the health of humans and livestock, but can also destabilize household or community economies, increase the potential for conflict, and marginalize livestock keepers. Diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans, or zoonoses, are an effect of the intensifying interface between humans, domestic livestock, and wildlife. The rural poor, often pushed onto marginal lands where they are more likely to come into contact with wildlife, are at greater risk because they live at the gateway for zoonotic transmission. Other factors that promote disease transmission include poorly recycled animal waste; consumption of unpasteurized, infected, or under cooked animal-source foods (e.g., milk, beef ); overcrowded production and market conditions; and increased trade movement of livestock and people. In many developing countries, the costs of disease prevention are prohibitive and there is a lack of institutional capacity (i.e., veterinary services, disease surveillance), further limiting disease prevention and control. The MPP is actively engaged in improving maternal and child health. Through improved poultry production, women will have greater access to poultry meat and eggs for household consumption
Gender Equity
The Livestock-Climate Change CRSP is committed to improving gender inclusiveness in the livestock sector and in the CRSP arena. LCC CRSP activities are designed to result in empowerment and livelihood improvement for both women and men. Gender integration is implicit and interwoven into the above strategic objectives and themes. The LCC CRSP encourages all participants to be conscious of gender issues at all levels of activity implementation. The LCC CRSP provided guidance to project partners at the Annual Meeting with a presentation by Dr. Sandra Russo, Gender and Climate Change, that explained how to integrate gender equity assessments into research activities. In
Annual Report 2010 addition, all LCC CRSP activities are evaluated for their consideration of gender issues in research planning, methodology, and implementation. This is reflected in proposal evaluation criteria, where 30 points are awarded, in part, for meeting a gender inclusiveness benchmark wherein women must comprise 50 percent or more of the beneficiaries in all aspects of the project. Women were included in project teams, as principal investigators, staff, and collaborators; in sampling; and in stakeholder engagement activities. In total, the LCC CRSP engaged 391 women in various project activities.
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Seed Grant Program

In FY2010, the LCC CRSP awarded a total of $727,621 to nine U.S. universities and 20 U.S. and international partners in East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania), West Africa (Mali, Niger, Senegal) and Central Asia (Mongolia and Tajikistan) through the Seed Grant Program (SGP) to improve the livelihoods of small-scale livestock producers impacted by climate change. In developing countries in these regions, a large proportion of the population depends upon livestock production for a significant part of their income. Projects funded through the FY2010 SGP will help small-scale livestock producers increase their incomes, reduce risks associated with disease and manage conflicts over resources, like water and forage, which are shifting and dwindling as a result of climate change.
A boy cradles a sheep in a rural Maasai village in Kenyas Kajiado District. Photo by Dana Hoag.
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Seed Grant Program Project Activities East Africa
A Cost Effectiveness Framework for Landscape Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration in North Kenya (CARBON) Climate Variability, Pastoralism, and Commodity Chains in Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS) Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate from the Ground Up (PTRF) Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate (HALI-2)
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Annual Report 2010
A Cost-Effectiveness Framework for Landscape Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration in North Kenya (CARBON)
Project Description
The goal of this project is to begin developing and testing a framework through which local land managers in Kenya can understand where their efforts to prevent rangeland degradation or restore degraded areas are (a) most likely to succeed in a cost-effective manner, and (b) most likely to maintain and/or augment soil carbon stores. There are several steps to achieving this ultimate goal: 1. Identify key ecological sites areas of the landscape that have similar potential under good management to produce biomass (forage) and support a similar biotic community; 2. Identify the different degradation states that may occur for each ecological site; 3. Identify key mechanisms leading to degradation and possible restoration pathways; 4. Experimentally test restoration pathways and their cost-effectiveness (with particular reference to carbon storage/ sequestration) comparing the transitions among different states and comparing across key ecological sites; and 5. Throughout the process, provide training and capacity building for local managers to apply the lessons learned. Through this process, CARBON aims to provide tools for managers to improve the functioning of their range resources, ultimately leading to improved livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. The CARBON project started on November 1, 2011 and has been active for six months.
Principal Investigators
Daniel Rubenstein (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Director, Program in African Studies, Princeton University, 210 Eno Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Phone: 609-258-5698 Email: dir@princeton.edu Corinna Riginos (Co-Principal Investigator, Project Leader), Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Email: criginos@princeton.edu
Summary of Achievements
The research team has been developing an understanding of and human capacity to define ecological sites (areas with similar soils and plant production potential, and similar resistance to degradation and capacity to recover from degradation). Combining information from soil analyses, high resolution satellite imagery, and informal interviews with locals in Laikipia, they have developed preliminary definitions of the key ecological sites in one of the major soil groups,
the so-called black cotton soils, found in the region. The team has also started the process of defining the other major soil group, called red soils, which are much more heterogeneous, old, and complex than the black cotton soils. This assessment will be completed this summer. The team has worked to raise local technical capacity to define ecological sites through extensive training with the projects Kenyan technician, who is actively sharing his knowledge and skills with his peers.
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The CARBON project is testing different techniques for reducing soil erosion on degraded rangelands. Simple stick piles, like these, seem to be slowing rainfall runoff and soil loss, making it possible to reestablish vegetation to support livestock grazing and sequester carbon. Photo by Corinna Riginos.
The research team has selected sites and collected soil samples in order to understand the opportunities for carbon loss and recovery at a patch scale a scale that is very relevant for restoration on short time scales. Specifically, the team is quantifying the carbon cost of allowing vegetated areas (three possible states) to degrade to bare ground. The results of soil analyses are pending. In January 2011, Jeffery Herrick (USDA-ARS), traveled to Kenya where he met with local land managers and scientists to develop next steps for further describing ecological sites and site productivity to support local land management.
Preliminary results of an experiment to test the cost-effectiveness of erosion control barriers to rehabilitate and sequester carbon in the sensitive red soils suggest that costly and labor-intensive barriers (tight bundles of branches and silt fence barriers) are the most effective. Cheaper erosion barriers such as piles of branches were less effective. However, the piles of branches appear to last longer in the landscape and may be more effective in the long term than branch bundles. This experiment will be expanded as additional soil types are classified. In a second experiment CARBON is testing the effectiveness and carbon sequestration potential
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Annual Report 2010 of three different approaches to stimulate grass establishment and growth. These are: (1) shortterm boma (cattle corral left in place for only one week), (2) breaking of hard (physically crusted) soil surface, and (3) short-term boma in combination with breaking soil surface. The team anticipates replicating this experiment in sites that are hypothesized to be part of different ecological sites (i.e., with different site potential). Results and lessons learned are regularly shared with partners at the Mpala Research Centre, Laikipia Wildlife Forum, Northern Rangelands Trust, and Kenya Wildlife Service through a combination of e-mail updates, reports, and inperson meetings. Held a short course and field day for 60 undergraduate students (21 women, 39 men) from the University of Nairobis rangeland management program. Students were introduced to the major ecosystems of the region, management issues facing this region, and CARBONs work to improve land management. The course served to build capacity and interest among students in field-based natural resource management and development.
Presentations and Seminars

Riginos, C., J. Belnap, J. Herrick, D. W. Kimiti, J. Njoka, W. O. Odadi, D. Rubenstein, and T. Young. 2011. A cost-effectiveness framework for landscape rehabilitation and carbon sequestration in northern Kenya. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/nW482r).
Research Team
Jesse Theuri Njoka, University of Nairobi Jayne Belnap, U.S. Geological Survey Jeff Herrick, U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service Truman Young, University of California, Davis
Collaborating Institutions
University of Nairobi, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, Kenya U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service University of California, Davis, Department of Plant Sciences
CARBON Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Total Kenya 40 21 61
Publications
Herrick, J. and P. Shaver. 2011. Maximizing return on investments in land management with ecological site information: results of the first phase of a pilot study on the Mpala Research Center, Laikipia District, Kenya. Unpublished report.
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Climate Variability, Pastoralism, and Commodity Chains in Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS)
Project Description
This project addresses interactions between climate variability, pastoralism, and livestock marketing from production to final sale in Kenya and Ethiopia. Secondarily, it is looking at the ways that outbreaks of animal diseases and conflict indirectly associated with climate variability negatively impact different producers and commodity chains. The project entails literature and secondary data reviews, participatory field research, community stakeholder meetings, and a research planning workshop in the region. It will employ a benefit/cost analysis that not only addresses herder and trader level benefits/costs but also compares benefits/multipliers (e.g., employment), especially for local economies, associated with different commodity chains. Research sites include: (1) the southern Boran plateau, Ethiopia and the market links up to export markets and Nairobi, Kenya across the border; and (2) the Tana River basin near Garissa, northeastern Kenya and the areas market links to Nairobi and Mombasa (including exports from Mombasa). By involving faculty and students at Pwani (Coast) campus of Kenyatta University and from the Institute for Rural Development, Addis Ababa University, the project is building regional capacity in pastoral systems and commodity chain analyses. The CHAINS project started on December 1, 2011 and has been active for five months.
Peter Little (Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology and Director, Program in Development Studies at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Phone: 404-727-0994 Email: peter.little@emory.edu Steve Staal (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Theme Director-Improving Market Opportunities at the International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya Phone: +254-20-4223400 Email: s.staal@cgiar.org Workneh Negatu (Host-Country Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Instructor and Director, Institute for Rural Development at Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Phone: 251-111-239721 Email: wnegatu@ idr.aau.edu.et
A female Kenyan graduate student and parttime Ethiopian research assistant are reviewing secondary data from past projects and existing literature on the relationships between climate variability and livestock marketing in the region. Specific attention is being given to gender aspects of livestock marketing, pastoralism, and climate variability; however, a gendered perspective is often lacking.
Gray literature and livestock market data were obtained on the relationships between various aspects of livestock marketing and climate variability. The latter came from the Livestock Information Knowledge Systems (LINKS) project, based at ILRI/Addis Ababa. Field visits and interviews were conducted with stakeholders (e.g., veterinarians, market officials, water point supervisors, livestock traders, fodder and input suppliers, government livestock development officers, male and female
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Annual Report 2010
The livestock market in Garissa, Ethiopia, where the CHAINS project interviews pastoralists and other market actors to better understand the relationship between climate change and livestock marketing and how to give livestock keepers greater access and income opportunities. Photo by Peter Little.
herders, NGO officials, livestock transporters, and others) at field sites in Garissa, Kenya, and Borena, Ethiopia. These generally confirmed the importance of the projects focus on relationships between climate variability (and related fodder/pasture and water availability), mobile pastoralism, and livestock market chains. Field visits and interviews with key informants suggest that highly mobile pastoral populations, often at distant pastures, are unable to access livestock markets and were forced to think of creative ways to sell animals and purchase needed goods. The benefits/costs of pastoralists access to different market chains in the area is
an important question, and little empirical work has been done on it, especially in terms of what benefits they accrue from high-value export markets. Womens groups in southern Ethiopia are not involved in livestock trade business but are engaged in small business activities and in milk trading. To determine how climate change is impacting these value chains, CHAINS interviewed women from pastoralist households about local perceptions of climate change and variability, and women who sell non-livestock products at markets but whose activities are strongly affected by livestock trade since their
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP main clientele are livestock traders and sellers/ herders. Looking to continue to strengthen regional capacity for conducting livestock marketing analysis and development, CHAINS is building relationships with other universities in Ethiopia and NGOs interested in these activities. 2011 (http://www.future-agricultures.org/index. php?option=com_lyftenbloggie&view=entry&ca tegory=pastoralism&id=31%3Acommercialisingpastoralism&Itemid=970). Little, Peter D. 2011. Climate variability, pastoralism, and commodity chains in semi-arid and arid areas of Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS). LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/ndPekK).

Little, Peter D. 2011. Discussant, Invited Panel on Pastoralism and the Politics of Livelihood: Rural Governance, Resource Management, and Neo-Liberal Development in Arid Lands, Annual Meetings of Society for Applied Anthropology, Seattle, Washington, March 30-April 2, 2011. Little, Peter D. 2011. Panelist and speaker, Plenary session on Synthesis and Summary, International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, sponsored by Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex and Tufts University, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23, 2011 (http://www.future-agricultures.org/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7524 &Itemid=1017). Little, Peter D. 2011. Chair, Panel on Land Grabbing, Tenure, and Pastoralist Response, International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23, 2011. Little, Peter D. 2011. Commentary on Commercializing Pastoralism. International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23,
CHAINS Degree Training for FY2010 Student Name Nationality (Last, First) Okondo, Chantalle Kenyan
Bibliographic Databases and Miscellaneous

Opondo, C., D. Negassa, and P. Little. 2011. Select Annotated Bibliography on Climate Variability and Its Effects on Pastoralist Welfare and Livestock Markets (DRAFT), Development Studies Program, Emory University. Little, Peter D., Contributed to Climate Change, from the Hoofs up, Emory eScience Commons. Dec. 16, 2010 (http://esciencecommons.blogspot. com/2010/12/climate-change-from-hooves-up. html).
Research Team
Steve Staal, International Livestock Research Institute Workneh Negatu, Addis Ababa University Hussein Mahmoud, Pwani University College
International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa University Pwani University College
Gender (M/F) F
University Emory
Discipline Global/Public Health
Degree MPH
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Annual Report 2010
Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate (HALI-2)
Project Description
Livestock production is extremely vulnerable to climate change in semi-arid grasslands, due to changing water and pasture resources and altered disease dynamics. Disease can have devastating effects on livestock survival and marketability, threatening animal health and livelihoods. In the biologically diverse and economically important Ruaha region of Tanzania, livestock production is an important, yet threatened, source of income, as communities are dependent on the natural resource base, and livestock producers already face water scarcity and disease losses. The HALI-2 Project leverages infrastructure and collaborations with local scientists and stakeholders established through previous phases of the Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement (HALI) project. These resources are now directed at addressing the adaptability of livestock systems to climate change through a capacity assessment of livestock health services. The project has two objectives: (1) assess livestock health services and pathogen diagnosis and response capacity, and (2) create a framework to model adaptation of pastoralist communities to climate change. The research team will gather and spatially annotate epidemiologic, economic, geographic, hydrologic, and meteorologic data; and establish an on-going multi-disciplinary team to model the effects of climate change on livestock health and human livelihoods in the Ruaha ecosystem with the long-term goal of collaboratively developing culturally appropriate and agriculturally sustainable interventions in response to climate variability. The team will develop integrated models of economic, epidemiologic, and environmental parameters to help regional planning and decision-makers distribute scarce resources to address the most mitigable effects of climate change. The HALI-2 project started on January 1, 2011 and has been on-going for four months.
Ian Gardner (Lead Principal Investigator), MPVM, Ph.D., Professor of Epidemiology at the University of California, Davis, California 95616 Phone: 530-752-6992 Email: iagardner@ucdavis.edu Rudovick Kazwala (Host Country Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor of Veterinary Public Health at Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021 Chuo Kikuu Morogoro,Tanzania Phone: 255-232604542 Email: kazwala@suanet.ac.tz Jon Erickson (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Managing Director of the Gund Institute for Ecological Economics at the University of Vermont, 317 Main Street, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA Phone: 802-656-2906 Email: Jon.Erickson@uvm.edu Jonna Mazet (Co-Principal Investigator), DVM, MPVM, Ph.D., Professor of Epidemiology and Wildlife Health and Director of the One Health Institute at the University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA Phone: 530-752-4167 Email: jkmazet@ucdavis.edu Kathleen Galvin (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology and Senior Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA Phone: 970-491-5447 Email:kathy@nrel.colostate.edu
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Summary of Accomplishments
The research team established partnerships with the local District Veterinary Officer (DVO) and leaders of the Southern Highlands Region Veterinary Investigation Center (VIC). From these sources, the team has determined the number and placements of livestock field officers, locations and diagnostic capabilities of veterinary labs, reporting chains for zoonotic disease events, and locations and capabilities of referral diagnostic labs. The DVO will provide introductions and local approvals necessary to interview livestock field officers. The team modified existing Capacity Assessment Protocols (CAPs) to create a livestock health services specific assessment tool. An electronic framework for spatial data sharing has been established for project researchers. Servers are housed at the University of Vermont, with internet access linking researchers in diverse locations. The research team created an extensive list of critical data for the modeling process, and has been working with Tanzanian collaborators in addition to searching existing public resources to find appropriate, high resolution, local spatial data to use in modeling adaptation of pastoralist communities to climate change. The team is evaluating these data sets to determine which can be realistically obtained during this year. Collaborations have been established with faculty from Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, and the Rufiji Water Basin Board (a key local stakeholder organization with extensive water data resources).
HALI-2 has hired Asha Makweta as a capacity assessment field assistant. Ms. Makweta grew up in a village near the community wildlife management areas bordering Ruaha National Park. She worked temporarily with the HALI project in 2008, conducting interviews with pastoralist families on calf health and management practices. She is currently studying community development, but is excited to continue building her research experience while in school. Her extensive knowledge of villages in the Ruaha ecosystem and previous work with pastoralists make her an ideal field assistant candidate. Asha speaks English and Kiswahili fluently and will also translate our interview questionnaires into Kiswahili. Using leveraged resources from other ongoing research projects, a new desktop computer and ArcGIS (version 10) software have been purchased for HALIs Iringa project office. Leveraged resources will also support the site license for running the ArcGIS programs. GIS training will be conducted during the summer. HALI organized and conducted training on data management for the Iringa office staff (health workers and data managers from ongoing HALI projects). One woman and three men were trained in basic and advanced data management using Microsoft Excel. Although the staff members trained are not directly supported by the HALI-2, they have provided essential insight and critique on conducting livestock health services assessments and on modeling climate change in the Ruaha ecosystem. Cross-training staff for other ongoing research programs is critical not only in leveraging resources among programs, but also for building sustainable local capacity.
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Annual Report 2010

W. Miller. 2011. Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate: Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement (HALI) Project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011.
Jonna Mazet, University of California, Davis Kathleen Galvin, Colorado State University
Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania University of Vermont (UVM) University of California, Davis Colorado State University Southern Highlands Region Veterinary Investigation Center (VIC) Ruhaha District Veterinary Officer Rufiji Water Basin Board
Research Team
Rudovick Kazwala, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Jon Erickson, University of Vermont
The PTRF project holds a stakeholder workshop in Kenya with scientists, pastoralists, and development practitioners. Working collaboratively, the PTRF project is identifying solutions to climate change impacts facing pastoral communities.
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Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate from the Ground Up (PTRF)
Project Description
Africa is experiencing rapid change that threatens sustainability, particularly the extensive livestock systems of East Africa, where rapid changes in climate, human population, and land use are transforming the continent. The African continent is warmer than it was 100 years ago; warming occurred through the twentieth century at the rate of about 0.5 C per century. The current century is likely to see more rapid climate change, a challenge that particularly threatens poor nations and vulnerable people and the ecosystems they depend upon. The PTRF project is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding climate change, globalization and the future of pastoralism by first conducting scientific research, second, building capacity and third, pointing a way to improve the livelihoods of Maasai pastoralists. Through focus groups, surveys and workshops, the research team links humans, the environment, and the livestock economy to better understand climate and global drivers of change affecting the Greater Mara Ecosystem and the Athi-Kaputiei Plains in Kenya. In order to solicit solutions to livestock problems associate with climate and other changes, the team will compare pastoral perceptions of climate and global changes and their effects on livestock management, the environment, and the economy to meteorological trends in climate. The three objectives of this project are to: (1) understand the most important climate/social changes affecting livestock management, marketing, and condition; (2) understand pastoralist perceptions of climate change and how livestock management is adapting; and (3) hold workshops to develop locally-appropriate solutions to increased climate variability. The PTRF project started on January 1, 2011 and has been active for five months.
Kathleen Galvin (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology and Senior Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Phone: 970-491-5447 Email:kathy@nrel.colostate.edu Robin Reid (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Director of the Center for Collaborative Conservation at Colorado State University, 224 Student Services Building, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Phone: 970-491-3983 Email: robin.reid@colostate.edu Jesse Njoka (Host Country Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Higher Education for Development and Senior Lecturer at the University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Phone: +254-20-318262 Email: jtnjoka@gmail.com David K. ole Nkedianye (Host Country Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Co-Director of the Reto o Reto Foundation and Project Manager, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Phone: +254-725-446165 Email: nkedav@yahoo.com Philip Thornton (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Theme Leader and Senior Scientist, Challenge Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute based at 16 Mentone Terrace, Edinburgh, EH9 2DF, United Kingdom Phone: +44 (0)131 667 1960 Email: p.thornton@cgiar.org
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Annual Report 2010
In February, the PTRF research team conducted a two day stakeholder workshop with 22 participants (six women, 16 men) representing Maasai policy activists, local and international NGOs, the USAID Mission in Kenya, the University of Nairobi, the Kenyan Meteorological Department, and pastoral communities. The workshop was convened to discuss the most important climate and other changes affecting the livestock economy in Kenya. Pastoralists attending the workshop were from the Turkana, Garissa, Kajiado, and Narok regions of Kenya. Workshop participants reported an increase in temperature and in the frequency and severity of droughts. Turkana and Kajiado regions reported disease outbreaks (cholera and blue tongue). All districts have seen changes in land condition loss of grass species and greater soil erosion due to changes in precipitation and heavy grazing. Livestock production appears to be declining. Participants reported problems with inbreeding, animal condition, low milk production, and reproductive issues. Pastoralists are forced to move to new places to access grazing resources, but also reported that movements are often disrupted. Climate and other changes are impacting livelihoods some people are shifting or diversifying with other income opportunities such as fishing, small-scale farming, or trade. Children are especially impacted by poverty. Workshop participants reported that children must drop out of school to work and that they and the old suffer disproportionately from malnutrition. Overall, workshop participants reported that climate and other changes are stressing the social ties that bind pastoral communities together. The focus groups also revealed differences in the consequences of climate change. For instance women, who obtain water for the household,
stated that it takes longer to find good water and that there is less good water to obtain. Milk production has declined and this affects womens income. Men also pointed out that water quality and quantity was a major issue and that investment in water sources is necessary to deal with climate changes. They emphasized that improved breeds and investment in high quality dairy cows were necessary. Both men and women stated that education was vitally important as a strategy to deal with changes to their livelihoods. The workshop made it clear to the research team that having only one model or solution for coping with climate change in the drylands of Kenya is not a viable solution. Further, workshop participants found it very useful to imagine desired futures that are resilient to change and to discuss actions that must be taken to get there. They were able to determine actions that could be taken right now, so they left with renewed interest in making change. The workshop also highlighted information gaps that, if filled, may help promote information exchange about solutions and foster adaptation. First, there is great need to communicate and provide an understanding of climate change in a way that is meaningful to pastoralists, for example, in briefs or on the radio in Swahili that explain causes of climate change. Second, there is a real need for climate forecasts that pastoralists can obtain that are in a form and frequency that is useful for the livestock economy. Also in February, the PTRF team conducted focus group interviews with 17 livestock keepers (11 men and six women) to delve deeper into issues, impacts, and adaptations related to climate change, livestock production, and pastoralist livelihoods. Two Maasai Ph.D. students from the University of Nairobi, one male and the other female, are conducting household interviews, two focus groups and key informant interviews, one in the Kitengela region and the other in the
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Maasai Mara region. They are expected to have completed this work by July 2011. In conjunction with the February workshop, filming for a documentary Pastoralist Voices on Climate Change began. The documentary will tell the story of how climate change is impacting the lives of pastoralists. A trailer was released in April and is available on the LCC CRSP YouTube Channel. Thornton, P. 2011. Kenya rangelands: climate past and future. PTRF Workshop. January 31-February 1, 2011, Kitengela, Kenya.
Posters
Galvin, K., R. Reid, J. Njoka, D. Ole Nkedianye, P. Thornton. 2010. Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate From the Ground Up. Institute for Livestock and the Environment Stakeholder Summit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, December 2, 2010.

Galvin, K., R. Reid, J. Njoka, D. Ole Nkedianye, P. Thornton. 2011. Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate From the Ground Up. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/ csucrsp/05-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011kgalvinptrfp roject). Galvin, K. 2011. Multiple Exposures: Pastoral Transformation under Fragmentation and Climate Change. Society of Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. April 2, 2011. Galvin, K., R. Reid, J. Njoka, D. Ole Nkedianye, P. Thornton. 2010. Understanding Pastoral Change From the Ground Up. Paper presented to the CRSP Advisory Board, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, October 20, 2011. Mwangi, S. 2011. Climate Change Indicators in Kenya. PTRF Workshop. January 31-February 1, 2011, Kitengela, Kenya.
Research Team
Kathleen Galvin, Colorado State University Robin Reid, Colorado State University Jesse Njoka University of Nairobi David K. ole Nkedianye, Reto o Reto Foundation and the International Livestock Research Institute Philip Thornton, International Livestock Research Institute
University of Nairobi, Kenya Reto o Reto, Kenya International Livestock Research Institute National Center for Atmospheric Research Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Challenge Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CGIAR CCAFS)
PTRF Degree Training for FY2010 Student Name Nationality Gender (M/F) University (Last, First) Ole Kaelo, Dickson Kenyan M University of Nairobi Resiato, Faith Kenyan F University of Nairobi
Discipline Dryland Resource Management Program Dryland Resource Management Program
Degree Ph.D. Ph.D.
PTRF Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Kenya 30 14
Total 44
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Seed Grant Program Project Activities West Africa
GSFA/RIVERS: La Gestion des Systmes Fluviaux pour lAvenir/River Systems for the Future RPRA: Risk, Perception, Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Niger and Tanzania TRANS: Transhumance, Natural Resources, and Conflict in the Sahel: A Pilot Project
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Annual Report 2010
La Gestion des Systmes Fluviaux pour lAvenir/River Systems for the Future (GSFA/RIVERS)
Project Description
Riverine systems in arid and semi-arid lands serve as key resources that support livestock and crop production. For herders, rivers flowing through drylands are critical for producing dry season grazing reserves and essential sources of permanent water. For cultivators, the waters allow cultivation both though recessional cultivation of floodplains and irrigated cultivation using river water. Due to increased population pressure and changing rainfall patterns in the Senegal and Niger River basins, the agricultural economy based on these riverine systems has already come under the kinds of stresses that climate models predict may become more widespread in the future. This makes study of these systems a priority, as understanding what they have already experienced will be critical in understanding likely outcomes in other similar environments. The GSFA/RIVERS project is investigating three linked questions: (1) what has been the impact of climate change on the vegetation of riverine systems to date; (2) what are the benefits and costs of different methods of increasing food security though irrigated rice production noting the impact on livestock production; and (3) what are the key points on transhumance corridors as identified by herders. The goal of the project is to allow for the inevitable conversion of large areas of land to rice production while minimizing the costs imposed on livestock production systems and managing the conflict induced by conversion. The GSFA/RIVERS project started on November 1, 2010 and has been active for six months.
John McPeak (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1020 Phone: 315-4436146 Email: jomcpeak@maxwell.sry.edu Jay Angerer (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, 720 E. Blackland Road, Temple, Texas 76502-9622 Phone: 254-774-6053 Email: jangerer@tamu.edu Matthew Turner (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the Department of Geography, 340 Science Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Phone: 608-262-2465 Email: mturner2@wisc.edu
The GSFA/RIVERS team explored various methods of documenting changes in vegetative cover along the Inland Niger Delta. The team plans to revisit 183 ecological sites originally assessed in 1979-82 and an additional 300 observation points at which information about vegetation and land-use type was recorded during the same time period. In addition, another 100 cultivated points will be sampled to ensure
adequate representation of cultivated land-use types in the overall sample. In January, the research team hired four Senegalese research assistants and conducted a week-long training on the goals and objectives of the project, the need to protect human subjects, and the mechanics of collecting data, including the use of questionnaires and GPS units. During the training workshop, an exercise was conducted in which participants were split into
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP pairs and were asked to interview each other using informant information provided by Turner. This exercise proved useful not only because it provided an opportunity for research assistants to practice how best to word questions but also revealed some limitations of the draft question form, which were subsequently addressed. In February, institutional review board (IRB) approval was granted and data collection began. A Memorandum of Understanding was established with the USAID-funded CLUSA-run YAAJEENDE project that outlines how the two projects will coordinate activities. Senegal has certain protocols that need to be followed related to research. A Letter of Agreement was established with the Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles that will enable the enumerators to conduct their work without operating in an environment of uncertainty about what the GSFA/RIVERS project is and what it is doing. A literature review on irrigation in the Senegal River valley was initiated with over 20 reports and studies reviewed to date. This information details a record of land use changes in this area over the last 30 years and will be used to evaluate the costs and benefits of various land-use practices in this area. (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimatechange-crsp-annual-meeting-2011-gsfariversproject-update-j-mcpeak).
Research Team
Jay Angerer, Texas A&M University Mathew Turner, University of Wisconsin-Madison Charles Benjamin, Near East Foundation Yacouba Dme, Near East Foundation-Mali Mame Nah Diof, Institut Sngalaise de Recherches Agricoles Alphonse Faye, Cooperative League of the U.S. Pierre Hiernaux, Laboratorie des Mcanismes et Transfers en Gologie Brook Johnson, Cooperative League of the U.S.
Institut dEconomie Rural, Mali Institut Sngalaise de Recherches Agricoles, Senegal Laboratorie des Mcanismes et Transfers en Gologie, Mali Texas A&M University University of Wisconsin-Madison Near East Foundation Cooperative League of the U.S.A.
GSFA/RIVERS Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Total Senegal 4 0 4

McPeak, J. 2011. La Gestion des Systems Fluviaux pour lAvenir (GSFA) aka Rivers. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011
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Annual Report 2010
Risk, Perception, Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Niger and Tanzania (RPRA)
Project Description
Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are projected to be among those most affected by global climate change, which poses new challenges to the historic adaptability and resilience of pastoral groups. The RPRA project is investigating how populations practicing varying degrees of pastoralism in Niger and Tanzania are interpreting and responding to perceived risk of climate change, and how those reactions are affecting their vulnerability/ resilience. In Niger, RPRA is replicating household interviews conducted in 2005, following the 2004/5 food crisis. The current food crisis is serving as a second environmental shock around which discussions of climate change and perceived risks can be assessed. Data points from 2005 and 2010 are facilitating analysis of adaptations and coping mechanisms and the impact of those actions on vulnerability/resilience over time. The project includes key informant interviews, focus groups, household interviews, and child growth and health measures. A smallscale version of the project is also being implemented in Tanzania, to test the appropriateness and usefulness of indicators of pastoral resilience/vulnerability across multiple contexts. The objectives of this project are to describe perceptions of climate change among communities across the nomadism-sedentarism continuum and determine (1) if perceptions of climate change are a motivating factor for specific livelihood strategies and adaptations, including sedentarization, among nomadic and sedentary communities; (2) how strategies and adaptations affect vulnerability/resilience, especially the health of children in nomadic and sedentary communities; and (3) if perceived risk of climate change is affecting vulnerability/resilience equally across livelihood adaptations and movement up or down the agricultural-pastoral continuum, among said communities. A workshop will be held in collaboration with the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi to discuss findings from the project as well as methodologies for risk assessment and vulnerability analysis. The RPRA project started on November 1, 2010 and has been active for six months.
Sandra L. Russo (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor, Director of Program Development and Federal Relations at the International Center University of Florida, and Director of Program Development at the Center for Womens Studies, P.O. Box 113225, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Phone: 352-273-1533 Email: srusso@ufic.ufl.edu Alyson Young (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, 1112 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7305 Phone: 352-392-1896 Email: agyoung@ufl.edu Sarah Lindley McKune (Co-Principal Investigator), MPH, Ph.Dc., Lecturer in the Department of Environment and Global Health, P.O. Box 100188, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 Phone: 352-294-5125 smckune@ufl.edu
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From October-January, the RPRA research team conducted male and female focus groups, 133 household interviews, and key informant interviews in seven communities in eastern Niger. In addition, they collected information on child health and growth measures in over 40 children in each community. Data collected on the relationship between climate change and livelihood strategies/ adaptations indicate that there is no significant correlation between perceived risk from climate change (PRCC) and livelihood. Preliminary analysis suggests that there are relationships between PRCC and particular livelihood strategies. For example, PRCC is positively correlated with strategies to accept familial loans and is negatively correlated with consumption of ones own harvest and nomadic transhumance. Pastoral populations have a PRCC that positively correlates with nomadic transhumance and reduced mobility and negatively correlates with sending family members to live with others and regular migration. Agricultural populations have a PRCC that positively correlates with a day of fasting and accepting commercial loans and negatively correlates with the sale of personal belongings. Preliminary results also indicate that households reporting an increase in climate change vulnerability tended to reduce the number of meals, decrease the amount of food per meal, use fasting days, and consume milk and meat produced by their livestock (vs. selling it) to cope. Households that indicated they were resilient to climate change impacts often accessed grain banks and sent children to work.
livelihood resilience in eastern Niger. Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http:// www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/04-lcccrsp-annualmeeti ng2011smckunerpraproject). Russo, S. 2011. Incorporating gender equity assessments into your research. Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www. slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimate-changeannual-meeting-2011-gender-and-climate-change).
Posters
McKune, S. L. 2011. The Effect of Perceived Risk of Climate Change on Patterns of Adaptation and Livelihood Resilience in Eastern Niger. National Science Foundation IGERT Trainee Poster Competition May 3-6, 2011 (http://www.igert.org/ posters2011/posters/16).
Research Team
Sandra Russo, Professor, Director of Program Development and Federal Relations at the International Center University of Florida, and Director of Program Development at the Center for Womens Studies, University of Florida Alyson Young, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida Brian Mayer, Department of Sociology, University of Florida Sarah McKune, Department of Environment and Global Health, University of Florida
Haydom Hospital, Tanzania International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Dveloppement Local (LASDEL), Niger University of Arizona British Red Cross

McKune, S. L. 2011. Effects of perceived risk of climate change on patterns of adaptation and
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Annual Report 2010
Sarah Lindley McKune , with the RPRA project, meets with pastoralists in Niger to learn more about their perceptions of risk from climate change and the adaptation practices households are employing to cope with climate change-related impacts.
RPRA Degree Training for 2010 Student Name Nationality Gender (M/F) University (Last, First) McKune, Sarah USA F University of Florida RPRA Non-Degree Training for 2010-2011 Country Male Female Total Niger 6 1 7
Discipline Interdisciplinary ecology
Degree Ph.D.
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Transhumance, Natural Resources, and Conflict in the Sahel: A Pilot Project (TRANS)
Project Description
Pastoral and agricultural systems, and pastoral and agricultural livelihoods, are tightly coupled and interdependent in West Africa. However, conflict is on the rise between pastoralists and agriculturalists, particularly in regions where agricultural land is scarce and encroaching on traditional transhumance corridors. This pilot study is developing key methodologies for mapping the location, status, and current utilization of transhumance corridors, and how they relate to changing agricultural land use. Extensive field surveys in Mali are serving as the basis for methodological development. The projects objectives are to: (1) quantify and map the actual and changing spatial and temporal distributions of transhumance movements in the Sahelian-Sudanian region and analyze herder response to climate variability and change; (2) develop methods for detecting and mapping transhumance corridors using remote sensing and geospatial analysis techniques; (3) train Malian partners in geospatial analysis, remote sensing and pattern detection; (4) integrate preliminary transhumance corridor maps for the wider Sahel with land-use change and agricultural expansion analysis; and (5) improve understanding of physical and social conditions. Results from the pilot will provide invaluable information to natural resource managers, policy and decision makers at local, regional and national levels, and directly benefit the region via opportunities for preemptive intervention to reduce and avoid conflict between pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. The TRANS project started on January 1, 2011 and has been ongoing for five months.
Niall Hanan (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Senior Scientist, Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, 1021 Medary Ave., Wecota Hall, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007 Phone: 605-688-5384 Email: niall.hanan@sdstate.edu Lara Prihodko (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, 1499 Campus Mail, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1499 Phone: 970-491-1964 Email: lara@nrel.colostate.edu Fadiala Dembl (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor, Institut Polytechnique Rural, Bamako, Mali Moussa Karemb (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali Phone: 222-3244 Email: mkarembe@yahoo.fr Ibrahim Barry (Co-Principal Investigator), Mamadou Diarra (Co-Principal Investigator), ADISSAH, Kont kunda II, Dima, Mali Phone: **223-9170125 Email: diarramail2@yahoo.fr G. Gray Tappan (Co-Principal Investigator), M.Sc., Geographer for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 571980001 Phone: 605-594-6037 Email: tappan@usgs.gov
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Annual Report 2010
In February, the TRANS project team conducted a five-day project initiation workshop in Mali with all partners. This workshop was held in Bamako at the Institut Polytechnique Rural Annex, with participation of all Malian academic and NGO partners. The workshop concentrated on review of project aims and methods and extensive discussion of, and modifications to, planned field survey methodologies, analysis, remote sensing and spatial modeling approaches. Extensive discussions also centered on identification of research needs and priorities and strategies to ensure relevance of the pilot project to a longer-term research program. Malian NGO participants proposed to develop more intensive and comprehensive stake-holder surveys of transhumance routes, problems with damage in agricultural zones, constraints on access by herders, locations of past and potential future conflict associated with transhumance movements and access to grazing, water and salt-lick resources. An outline draft for the questionnaire was developed and is being refined and expanded prior to field surveys. TRANS has compiled remote sensing data for detection and mapping of transhumance corridors, including specific data acquisitions for the entirety of non-desert Mali of ALOS microwave and TM optical data. Plans are in place to acquire high spatial and spectral resolution ASTER optical data from the USDA EROS data center. GPS units delivered to the TRANS NGO partners and investigator Prihodko carried out a training activity on utilization of the GPS, datadownload and interface with geospatial analysis software. TRANS is compiling existing datasets and GIS coverages for the distribution of pastoral resources (e.g., pasture, water, transhumance pathways, campgrounds, and salt licks), land use, and land use change in the Regions of
Kayes, Koulikouro and Mopti. TRANS NGO partners have compiled pastoral resource maps for their regions. Furthermore, investigator Tappan provided a high-resolution coverage of land use for Mali and adjacent Mauritania in 2000 and is actively working on assessing rates of land use change. TRANS is compiling these diverse data sets into a common geographic information system database. New data will be integrated with these existing products as they become available, including high precision GPS locations for transhumance corridors, water and other resources, and rates of land use change and agricultural conversion. Strategy discussions during the initiation workshop focused on the long-term goals of contributing to management and mitigation of agricultural-pastoral conflict associated with transhumance pastoral systems. The TRANS team views this pilot project as providing essential geographically distributed data on the biological and physical constraints on transhumance livestock systems in Mali that will lay the foundations for a broader project exploring the interactions between physical and social systems that can aggravate or mitigate conflict among rural pastoral and agricultural communities in West Africa.

Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, and G. Tappan. 2010. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. LCC CRSP Advisory Board Meeting, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, October 20, 2010. Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, and G. Tappan. 2011. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www. slideshare.net/csucrsp/03-lcccrsp-annualmeeting201 1nhanantransproject).
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Posters
Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, G. Tappan. 2010. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. Institute for Livestock and the Environment Stakeholder Summit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, December 10, 2010.
Association pour le Dveloppement Intgr dans la Savane et le Sahel (ADISSAH) Centre dtudes pour la Promotion Agropastorale (CEPAP) Colorado State University Institut Polytechnique Rural Recherche dInitiatives et de Coopration pour un Dveloppement Communautaire et Autonome (RICAD) Universite de Bamako U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation System
TRANS Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Total Niger 14 7 21
Research Team
Lara Prihodko, Colorado State University/South Dakota State University Fadiala Dembele, Institut Polytechnique Rural Moussa Karembe, Universite de Bamako Ibrahim Barry, CEPAP Mamadou Diarra, ADISSAH Balouga Telly, RICAD Gray Tappan, USGS-EROS
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Seed Grant Program Project Activities Central Asia
Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change (FORT) Increasing Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders Under a Changing Climate Through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and Community-Based Conservation (REMM)
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Annual Report 2010
Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change (FORT)
Project Description
Tajikistan is experiencing shortages in feed and forage for livestock production. Climate change will add additional stress on livestock production systems through increased temperatures and drought conditions. The FORT project will identify feed and forage production issues that are essential for the improvement of livestock production systems in four geographic regions of Tajikistan. On-farm demonstration sites will test locally-adapted forage crops and serve as technology, transfer, outreach, and training centers for local farmers and development practitioners. The FORT project started on January 1, 2011 and has been ongoing for five months.
Nanda Joshi (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Science, 238C DCPAH, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1314 Phone: 517-355-8725 Email: joshinan@cvm.msu.edu Karim Maredia (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Director of the WorldTAP program at Michigan State University, 416 Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, Michigan State University 48824 Phone: 517-353-5262 Email: karedia@msu.edu
In March 2011, FORT conducted a stakeholder consultation workshop in Dushanbe, Tajikistan with 30 participants representing various institutions from the regions of Tajikistan, including representatives from ICARDA (CGIAR Center), the University of Central Asia (UCA), the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Family Farming Program (FFP). Through a participatory process involving regional scientists, the FORT team selected sites in the Gorno-Badakhasan (Ishkashim district),Sogd (Bobojon Gafurov district), Khatlon (Muminabad district), and Republican Subordination (Jirgatol district) regions.
Work plans were developed for each region that outline, in detail, how to achieve specific research goals such as: increase productivity of natural vegetation in the nearest village pastures, test and introduce an effective cultivation technology for increasing fodder production using forage crops, and how to harvest high-quality fodder while increasing soil fertility.
Presentatioins and Seminars

Joshi, N. and K. Maredia. 2011. Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/n678if ).
38
Farmers in Muckuy Jamot (Jamoats are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in Tajikistan) gather in the shade to listen to Dr. Nanda Joshi, leader of the FORT project talk about the forage trials set up nearby. Livestock keepers in this village send their sheep to summer pastures in the mountains, but are concerned about lack of forage during the winter. With climate change, farmers will need to choose the right kinds of forage and understand the best growing practices to ensure a good supply. Photo courtesy of Nanda Joshi.
Research Team
Asamoah Larbi, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA) Mirzoev Davlatali Mrzoevich, Tajikistan Research Institute of Veterinary, Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences Linda Racioppi, James Madison College, Michigan State University Mywish K. Maredia, Department of Agricultural Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA), Syria Tajikistan Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tajikistan Michigan State University
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Annual Report 2010
Increasing adaptive capacity of Mongolian livestock herders under a changing climate through rangeland ecosystem monitoring and community-based conservation (REMM)
Project Description
Mongolias vast rangelands support 40 million livestock and globally significant populations of wild ungulates, providing livelihoods for one third of the countrys population. Since Mongolias sudden transition to a market economy in 1992, poverty has risen sharply. Mongolia has also experienced one of the strongest warming trends on Earth over the past 20 years. These changes have led to increased conflicts over pasture and growing concern about the sustainability of Mongolias pastoral livelihoods and landscapes. The REMM project builds on several ongoing research, training and conservation initiatives to strengthen Mongolian capacity to assess and monitor changes in rangeland ecosystems and thereby improve the ability of herders and their ecosystems to adapt to climate change. The REMM project is developing a set of holistic rangeland ecosystem indicators and an integrated monitoring plan to be used by herder communities in a community-based adaptive management framework, and will build monitoring capacity and improve communication and coordination among the various Mongolian agencies and organizations concerned with rangeland monitoring and management. Project objectives include: (1) Develop and pilot test holistic rangeland ecosystem monitoring indicators; (2) Train herders, conservation practitioners, government agency staff, and researchers in current formal rangeland assessment and monitoring approaches; and (3) Develop an integrated monitoring plan and database framework. The REMM project is synergistic with the NSF-funded MOR2 project, whose official title is Does community-based rangeland ecosystem management increase coupled systems resilience to climate change in Mongolia? The REMM project started on November 1, 2010 and has been active for six months.
Principal Investigator
Mara Fernndez-Gimnez, Colorado State University, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, 1472 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1472 Phone: 970-491-0409 Email: maria.fernandez-gimenez@colostate.edu Robin Reid (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Director of the Center for Collaborative Conservation at Colorado State University, 224 Student Services Building, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Phone: 970-491-3983 Email: robin.reid@ colostate.edu Melinda Laituri (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Associate Professor, Warner College of Natural Resources, 1401 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1401 Phone: 970-491-0292 Email: mell@cnr.colostate.edu Amanda Fine (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., V.M.D., Wildlife Conservation Society Mongolia Country Program Director, P.O. Box 485, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia Phone: 976-11-323719 Email: affine@ wcs.org Bulgamaa Densambuu (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Head of the Department of Research and Technology at the Mongolian Society for Range Management, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Phone: 976-70153747 Email: bulgamaa@greengold.mn
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In Mongolia, a focus group of women gather to discuss livestock, rangeland health, and climate change with members of the REMM project. Photo by Maria Fernandez-Gimenez.
The REMM project team met in Ulaanbaatar in April to discuss progress on the project overall, and specific plans for the June 15-18 Rangeland Monitoring Workshop. The two Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-based interns supported by this project conducted literature reviews of Mongolian and international peer-reviewed literature related to climate change, community-based management, and wildlife monitoring. The interns have each located and summarized over 100 articles or documents in Mongolian and up to 50 articles in English, and have each produced a written
summary of their findings (in Mongolian) and made oral presentations to their WCS and MOR2 mentors. REMM is developing an integrated database framework to facilitate sharing ecological data between project partners. The well-tested USDA ARS DIMA database will be adopted for this purpose. In April, the REMM-funded WSC interns attended the MOR2 Social Research Team Training Workshop, which included both classroom and field components. Informal feedback from participants revealed that the training was valued and useful.
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Annual Report 2010

Fernandez-Gimenez, M. E. 2011. Mongolian Rangelands and Resilience (MOR2) Social Training. Presentation at Training Workshop, April 4-5, 2011, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Reid, R. S. 2011. Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders under a Changing Climate through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and Community-based Conservation. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/nwouWk).
Amanda Fine, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Mongolia Office Bulgamaa Densambuu, Mongolian Society for Range Management
Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Mongolian Society for Range Management Eastern Mongolia Community Conservation Association National University of Mongolia USDA Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Research Station, NM Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Studies (CNPS), Mongolia Institute of Geo-Ecology (IGE), Mongolia
Research Team
Robin Reid, Colorado State University Melinda Laituri, Colorado State University
REMM Degree Training for FY2010 Student Name Nationality Gender (M/F) (Last, First) Odgarav, J. Mongolian F Vandandorj Mongolian M REMM Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Total Mongolia 2 8 10
University National University of Mongolia National University of Mongolia
Discipline Hydrology Biology
Degree MS BS
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Mali Associate Award

The Mali Associate Award was established as a Cooperative Agreement (No. 688-A-00-10-00131-00) with the USAID Mission in Mali to improve the productivity and income of the producers in the northern regions of Mali by enabling them to access technologies and build the capacity of all actors involved in the development of an extensive livestock system. Overall implementation is led by CSU, in association with TAMU, Syracuse University, University of Wisconsin, University of Arizona, SDSU, UGA and several national partners in Mali. This consortium is working to promote the development of an extensive livestock sector; empower pastoralists and improve their capacity for risk management; create equitable livestock information and communication systems that provide monitoring and analysis technology to foster strategic partnerships between pastoral communities, markets and policy; develop and integrate markets; and build the capacity of Mali to sustain new techniques and technologies.
A young goat herder at the livestock market in Bamako, Mali. Photo by Jessica Davis.
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Annual Report 2010
Mali Poultry Project (MPP)

Project Description
Increasing poultry production in Mali is a viable method of increasing income opportunities and adaptive capacity of women, and improving nutritional status of women and children. A fundamental need exists for improved genetics, reproduction, nutrition, husbandry, disease prevention, and marketing to improve poultry production in Mali. Efforts to address those issues require an in-depth educational program to sustain and build upon improvements in local poultry production. The MPP is building a small, but expandable, model hatchery in a peri-rural area of Mali that will serve as a center for improving the genetics and health of chicks available to local poultry producers. This hatchery will also serve as a hub for poultry extension programs for women and other small poultry producers in the region. This center would initiate and coordinate a marketing cooperative (or association of farmers) that would both develop educational programs and expand the selling of live birds, eggs and chicks. This center will be a classic demonstration project that will build capacity to support small poultry producers. MPP will provide poultry producers and other groups (government, philanthropic, private, etc.) with a clear model and process, educational tools, and technical consultation in order to improve and increase poultry production in Mali and significantly enhance economic opportunities for rural and peri-rural women. The Mali Poultry Project started on November 1, 2010 and has been active for six months.
Michael P. Lacy (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Professor and Head of the Department of Poultry Science at the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602 Phone: 706-542-1333 Email: mlacy@uga.edu
Assessed locations for the poultry hatchery. Based on a variety of criteria (e.g., interest of womens groups, infrastructure, proximity to markets, size and diversity of markets, economic need) potential hatchery locations were ranked in the following order: Mopti, Bougouni, Dioro, Sgou, Sikasso, Bambara, Fakala. During a three week visit to Mali, evaluated needs regarding poultry nutrition, training on poultry husbandry and marketing, nutrition for children and families, manure market opportunities, biogas interest and needs, and Newcastle Disease research. Conducted meetings with 12 Malian womens organizations in peri-urban areas regarding opportunities in poultry production.

Lacy, M., C. Keske, and J. Houston. 2011. Mali Poultry Project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/ aRVAVk).
Research Team
Michael Lacy, University of Georgia Jack Houston, University of Georgia Gene Pesti, University of Georgia Brian Fairchild, University of Georgia Maria Navarro, University of Georgia Samuel Aggrey, University of Georgia Amy Batal, University of Georgia Nick Dale, University of Georgia Ed Kanemasu, University of Georgia Claudia Dunkley, University of Georgia
44
Catherine Keske, an economist with the MPP project, visits with a womens group in Mali. Womens groups will help to run the model hatchery the project establishes in a rural village. Through this hatchery hub, women will obtain healthy chicks and education about poultry husbandry practices and good nutrition for their families. Photo by Mike Lacy.
Casey Ritz, University of Georgia Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia Joe Mauldin, University of Georgia Bruce Webster, University of Georgia Scott Russell, University of Georgia Corrie Brown, University of Georgia Catherine Keske, Colorado State University Sybil Sharvelle, Colorado State University
University of Georgia Colorado State University Mali Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries
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Annual Report 2010
Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative (MLPI-2)

Project Description
The USAID mission in Mali identified a need to improve the productivity and income of pastoralists and livestock producers in Mali, in particular the northern regions. To facilitate this, the Global Livestock Collaborative Research and Support Program (GL-CRSP) in association with Texas A&M University/Texas AgriLife Research, Syracuse University, and several national partners in Mali initiated the Mali Livestock and Pastoralists Initiative (MLPI-1). Now, under the umbrella of the Livestock-Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program (LCC CRSP), the MLPI-2 initiative looks to build on previous successes and expand to meet emerging needs. The MLPI-2 project is addressing the needs identified by USAID through the integrated implementation of the following activities: (1) Expansion of the livestock market information system (LMIS) in Mali to bring stateof-the-art communication and information technologies to remaining areas of the country; (2) Market chain analyses and examination of household marketing and migration decision making by pastoralists; (3) Development of methods and extension activities for nutritional analyses of supplemental feed in northern Mali; (4) Risk management activities in northern Mali with a specific focus on community-based conflict management and development of mapping tools; (5) Development of early-warning capabilities for monitoring surface water used by livestock in northern Mali; and (6) Development of rapid assessment methods for monitoring livestock fodder and animal nutrition status. The MLPI-2 project started on August 1, 2010 and has been active for nine months.
Jay Angerer (Lead Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, 720 E. Blackland Road, Temple, Texas 76502-9622 Phone: 254-774-6053 Email: jangerer@tamu.edu John McPeak (Co-Principal Investigator), Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1020 Phone: 315-443-6146 Email: jomcpeak@maxwell.sry.edu
Components were added to the Livestock Market Information System (LMIS) software including a photo display on the front page depicting the various kinds, breeds, and grades of livestock in Mali. Training on the use of the LMIS for acquiring livestock price and volume information was conducted for 158 pastoralists, traders, and farmers at the markets in Kayes, Nara, Niena, Sikasso, Koutiala, San, Segoou and Niono.
Twenty-three trainees were women and 135 were men. Copies of the market code cards were provided to those trained in addition to demonstration of the SMS procedures for accessing price and volume data for the local and regional markets. At the Kayes market, training on the use of the LMIS for price and volume data acquisition was provided to an association of women poultry vendors. Similar trainings were conducted for womens groups doing sheep fattening at the Kati market and for women members of the Corporationt Multifunctional at the Nara market.
46
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Billboards, containing information on how to access livestock market information via SMS in an easy to read format were installed at five of the ten markets (Kayes, Kati, Bamako, Niamana, and Sgou). In January 2011, a document scanning system was installed at DNPIA. The equipment and software were installed to allow digital archiving of datasheets received from market monitors. These digital copies will be stored at the DNPIA offices and will be backed up at the TAMU offices. During February and March, data sheets for the Kati, Niamana and Konna markets for 2008 and 2009 were scanned into the system. Four surveys were developed for use in Mali: (1) an expert informant survey, (2) a broker survey, (3) a trader survey, and (4) a cooperative survey. Eighteen enumerators were trained on how to administer the survey and survey work began. A preliminary analysis of the marketing and migration information contained in the 2009 survey findings from Mopti, Tombouctou and Gao was conducted. Results suggest that, with extra resources, respondents would purchase an animal to raise or an animal to fatten over other options (e.g., purchase durable goods, invest in credit/coop, save in pocket). Those that didnt select livestock fattening as an option reported that they found feed hard to obtain and dont know how to fatten an animal. These results would suggest that MLPI-2 efforts to work on developing supplemental feeds and training people in fattening is targeting the top two constraints people have identified. New laboratory equipment for in vitro and invivo digestibility work was installed at IER Sotuba National Rubinant Nutrition Laboratory and the student training laboratory for livestock nutrition at IPR Katibougou. This equipment will be used to provide pastoralists and other livestock producers with information on the quality of feeds and fodders, which has previously been lacking in Mali. A training course was given to participants from IER and IPR on equipment use, data collection, laboratory quality control procedures, and use of chemometrics software. Training was conducted for research assistants who then began interviewing key informants and collecting geospatial data on major transhumance corridors relied upon by livestock in the Cercles of Mopti and Kora. Mapping transhumance corridors will help to reduce conflicts between mobile pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. Using remotely sensed images and computer models, the MLPI-2 team delineated waterholes, potentially used by pastoralists, and river and wetland complexes located on either side of the Niger River which flows across the Mali study site. DNPIA Water Monitoring Project leader (Nouh A. Sow) continued to develop contacts with the Mali Department of Water Resources (DNH) and Department of Watershed and Rural Road Management (DNGR) to collect data on well, spring, and other water point data to include in the water resource geodatabase being compiled by MLPI-2. Field protocols for the water monitoring study were developed, including: (1) verification of the accuracy of the satellite image classification; (2) characterization of the waterholes (e.g., circumference, water quality/appearance, photographs, depth, etc.); and (3) periodic monitoring for changes in depth over time to validate the simulation model.
Publications
Bizimana, J. C., D. A. Bessler, and J. P. Angerer. 2011. Livestock market integration and price discovery: Case of Mali. Southern Agricultural Economics Associate Annual Meeting, Corpus Christi, TX, February 5-8, 2011.
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Annual Report 2010
Presentatioins and Seminars

McPeak, J. and J. Angerer. 2011. Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative Phase 2. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/oBHInG).
Posters
Keita, F., and F. Doumbia. 2011. Rduction du Risque et Amlioration des Vies en Rgions Pastorales au Mali: Projet sur le Btail et le Pastoralisme au Mali. Festival du Niger, Segu, Mali, February 1-5, 2011 (http://cnrit.tamu.edu/jangerer/ Festival_du_niger_poster_fr.zip).
Stephen Prince, Texas A&M University Doug Tolleson, University of Arizona Hamidou Nantoume, Institut dEconomie Rurale Boubacar Dembele, lInstitut Polytechnique Rural Matthew Turner, University of Wisconsin Gabriel Senay, South Dakota State University Steve Huckett, Texas A&M University Nouh Sow, Direction Nationale des Productions et des Industries Animales Kraig Peel, Colorado State University Jay Parsons, Colorado State University
Texas A&M University Syracuse University University of Wisconsin University of Arizona South Dakota State University Colorado State University, Integrated Resource Management Program Observatoire du Marche Agricole Direction Nationale des Productions et des Industries Animales Institut dEconomie Rurale lInstitut Polytechnique Rural
Research Team
Jay Angerer, Texas A&M University John McPeak, Syracuse University Francis Keita, Observatoire du Marche Agricole Aly Diall, Direction Nationale des Productions et des Industries Animales Lassine Diarra, Institut dEconomie Rurale Aly Kouriba, Institut dEconomie Rurale Alpha Kergna, Institut dEconomie Rurale
MLPI-2 Degree Training for FY2010 Student Name Nationality Gender (M/F) (Last, First) Bizimana, Jean Rwanda M Claude Velpuri, India M Manohar Alemu, Henok Ethiopia M
University Texas A&M University South Dakota State University South Dakota State University
Discipline Agriculture Economics Geographic Information Systems and Hydrology Geographic Information Systems and Hydrology
Degree Ph.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.
MLPI-2 Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Total Mali 231 27 258
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Training and Higher Education

Training is integral to the LCC CRSP portfolio and the LCC CRSP Research Strategy recognizes human capacity building as a key component of achieving broader research and development goals. The LCC CRSP design, therefore, provides for a wide range of training possibilities and uses both traditional and innovative strategies to achieve its training goals. In FY2010, the LCC CRSP supported a total of 13 students. Nine students are enrolled in Ph.D. programs, two are pursuing a masters degree, and two are obtaining an undergraduate degree. In total, five women and two men were supported through the LCC CRSP. Of the students receiving LCC CRSP support, 61 percent were from African countries.
Degree Training
The LCC CRSP provides funding for operational and research costs to both U.S. and host-country graduate students. Project team members are encouraged to leverage funds to support tuition for graduate students.
Non-Degree Training
Short-term training is a cost-effective way to build capacity with students, community members, project participants, development professionals, host-country professors, and others.
Supported Degree Training FY2010

9
BA/BS
MA/MS
PhD
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Annual Report 2010
Total Degree Training (Female) FY2010

2 2
Total Non-Degree Training (Female) FY2010
Niger (7)
Mongolia (8) Kenya (35)
Mali (34)
Kenya
Mongolia
Tanzania
USA
Total Degree Training (Male) FY2010

1 1 1 1
Total Non-Degree Training (Male) FY2010
Niger (5) Mali (250) Kenya (70) Mongolia (2) Senegal (4)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Mongolia
Sudan
In FY2010, there were at total of 410 participants at all LCC CRSP project trainings. Many participants attended multiple trainings. Training covered topics ranging from basic qualitative and quantitative social science research field methods, GPS mapping, ecological site description assessment, climate change and weather, and livestock marketing. In total, 332 men and 78 women were trained through LCC CRSP projects. Of the individuals attending LCC CRSP non-degree training sessions, approximately 97 percent were from African countries.
LCC CRSP Students Supported in 2010

Henok Alemu, Ethiopian, is a doctoral candidate at SDSU where he is studying geographic information systems and hydrology. Mr. Alemu is supported by the MLPI-2 project.
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Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Jean Claude Bizimana, from Rwanda, is a doctoral candidate at TAMU. Mr. Bizimana is studying agricultural economics and is supported by the MLPI-2 project. Jennifer Higgins is an LCC CRSP Graduate Student Fellowship award recipient. She is pursuing a DVM/Ph.D. at CSU and is studying brucellosis in Mongolia. Asha Makweta, Tanzanian, is studying community development at Ipogolo College. Ms. Makweta is supported by the HALI-2 project. Sarah Lindley McKune is a graduate student in interdisciplinary ecology at the University of Florida. Ms. McKune is supported by the RPRA project. J. Odgarav, Mongolian, is a graduate student in hydrology at the National University of Mongolia. Ms. Odgarav is supported by the REMM project. Chantalle Okondo is enrolled in the Masters of Public Health program at Emory University. Ms. Okondo is supported by the CHAINS project. Dickson Ole Kaelo, Kenyan, is a Ph.D. student in the Dryland Resource Management Program, at the Centre for Sustainable Drylands, a new curriculum at the University of Nairobi, developed in partnership with CSU and funded by the AfricaU.S. Higher Education for Development (HED) project. Mr. Kaelo is supported by the PTRF project. Osman Hamdan, from Sudan, is a LCC CRSP Graduate Student Fellowship award recipient. He is pursuing a Ph.D. in agricultural economics from CSU. Faith Resiato, Kenyan, is a Ph.D. student in the Dryland Resource Management Program, at the Centre for Sustainable Drylands, a new curriculum at the University of Nairobi, developed in partnership with CSU and funded by the AfricaU.S. HED project. Mr. Kaelo is supported by the PTRF project. Tunsisa Hurisso, Ethiopian, is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at CSU and a recipient of a LCC CRSP Graduate Student Fellowship award. Mr. Vandandorj is a graduate student in biology at the National University of Mongolia. He is supported by the REMM project. Manohar Velpuri, from India, is a graduate student in geographic information systems and hydrology at SDSU. Mr. Velpuri is supported by the MLPI-2 project.
Graduate Student Fellowship Program

Graduate Student Fellowship Program (GSFP) awards provide partial support for graduate students in order to improve the overall quality of their research and prepare them for interdisciplinary careers. Fellows are expected to become specialists who can contribute to research regarding the adaptation of livestock systems to climate change in the LCC CRSP countries of focus (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mali, Senegal, Nepal, and Tajikistan). Selected fellows must propose to conduct research in one or more of the focus countries. In this way, the LCC CRSP aims to build research capacity. In its first year, the LCC CRSP awarded three fellowships to students from the U.S., Sudan, and Ethiopia. Students are conducting research in Mongolia (initially an LCC CRSP focus country) and Ethiopia.
BONES: Generating Income from Slaughter Wastes in Ethiopia Through Conversion to Fertilizer
Tunsisa Hurisso, a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at CSU is researching the feasibility of generating sustainable, climate-favorable (CO2-neutral) fertilizer from livestock bones as a way to both augment the income of livestock producers and increase crop
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Annual Report 2010 yields in Ethiopia, his home country. Tunsisa will test various methods for processing animal bones, which are often discarded in the slaughter process, to come up with an optimum method for releasing phosphorus from them into forms plants can use. He will test different bone-based fertilizers, calculate the costs of producing them, and determine the potential benefits for crop yields. At the conclusion of this project, Tunsisa will publish a factsheet in Amharic and English that details the process of producing bone-based fertilizers. She will also test the efficacy of a small ruminant Brucella vaccine, Rev1, at protecting against infection in cattle by studying the immune response elicited by the Rev1 vaccine in cultured bovine cells.
CAMELS: Improving Adaptive Capacity and Market Participation of the Borana Pastoralists: A Value Chain Analysis of Live Camel and Camel Products in the Borana Plateau
Osman Hamdan, a Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate Degree Program in Ecology at CSU is investigating live camel value chains in the Borana Plateau of southern Ethiopia in order to enhance pastoralists market success and adaptive capacity. Pastoralists in this region are adapting to climate change induced drought conditions by diversifying their herds with camels; however, the costs and benefits of this practice by smallholder pastoralists is not well known. Osman will delineate and define the live camel value chain and identify opportunities for improving income stability and competitiveness for smallholder camel keepers through public policy, marketing efficiency, marketing support, and development interventions.
BRUC: The Pastureland, Animal, Human Health Interface Reemergence of Brucellosis in Mongolia
Jennifer Higgins, a DVM-Ph.D. candidate in the CVMBS at CSU is researching brucellosis in Mongolia, where changes in husbandry practices are thought to be fostering a re-emergence of the disease. Jennifers study will determine the prevalence of brucellosis disease in livestock and human populations in Northern Mongolia. This work builds on an initial pilot survey where she found that 2 percent of goats and cattle/yak and 9-11 percent of humans to be carriers of the disease.
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Annual Report 2010
Appendix
Project Funding Collaborating Institutions Publications Glossary
53
LCC CRSP Project Funding FY2010

Project CARBON CHAINS FORT HALI-2 MLPI-2 MPP PTRF REMM GSFA/RIVERS RPRA TRANS Total Core Funding $80,000.00 $79,902.00 $80,000.00 $80,000.00 $83,985.00 $84,000.42 $79,990.80 $79,775.00 $79,968.00 Total Cost Share $39,060.00 $19,976.00 $20,216.00 $28,643.00 $45,059.00 $19,998.00 $20,000.00 $23,724.69 $20,181.00 $19,992.00 Leveraged Funding $36,470.00 $5,450.00 $16,600.00 $262,959.00 $23,000.00 $4,000.00 $3,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,375,000.00 USAID Buy-ins Total Supplemental Funding $36,470.00 $5,450.00 $16,600.00 $1,275,000.00 $1,537,959.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $23,000.00 $4,000.00 $3,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,374,000.00
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Annual Report 2010
Collaborating Institutions FY2010

Advanced Research Institutions Addis Ababa University Colorado State University Emory University Hawassa University Michigan State University Mongolian State University of Agriculture National University of Mongolia Princeton University Pwani University College Sokoine University of Agriculture South Dakota State University Syracuse University Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences Texas A&M University Universite of Bamako University of Arizona University of California, Davis University of Florida University of Georgia University of Nairobi University of Vermont University of Wisconsin, Madison CGIAR International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area International Livestock Research Institute Governmental Organizations Direction Nationale des Productions et des Industries Animales Observatoire du Marche Agricole Mali Department of Water Resources (DHN) Mali Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Department of Watershed and Rural Road Management (DNGR) State, Country Ethiopia Colorado, USA Georgia, USA Ethiopia, USA Michigan, USA Mongolia Mongolia New Jersey, USA Ethiopia Tanzania South Dakota, USA New York, USA Tajikistan Texas, USA Mali Arizona, USA California, USA Florida, USA Georgia, USA Kenya Vermont, USA Wisconsin, USA State, Country Tajikistan Kenya, Ethiopia State, Country Mali Mali Mali Mali Mali Institution Type Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic Institution Type CGIAR CGIAR Institution Type GO GO GO GO GO LCC CRSP Project(s) CHAINS HALI-2, PTRF, REMM, TRANS, MLPI-2, MPP CHAINS BONES FORT BRUC REMM CARBON CHAINS HALI-2 TRANS GSFA/RIVERS, MLPI-2 FORT GSFA/RIVERS, MLPI-2 TRANS MLPI-2 HALI-2 RPRA MPP CARBON, PTRF HALI-2 GSFA/RIVERS, MLPI-2 LCC CRSP Project(s) FORT CHAINS, PTRF, RPRA LCC CRSP Project(s) MLPI-2 MLPI-2 MLPI-2 MPP MLPI-2
55
Governmental Organizations (cont.) USDA Agricultural Research Service USGS Earth Observation and Science Center National Research Institutes/ Organizations Center for Nomadic Pastoralist Studies Institut dEconomie Rurale Institut Polytechnique Rural Institut Senegalaise de Recherches Agricoles Institute of Geo-Ecology Laboratoire des Mecanismes et Transfers en Geologie Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Dveloppement Local (LASDEL) Mongolian Society for Range Management Recherche dInitiatives et de Coopration pour un Dveloppement Communautaire et Autonome (RICAD) Tajikistan Veterinary Research Institute Non-Governmental Organizations Association pour le Dveloppement Intgr dans la Savane et le Sahel (ADISSAH) Centre dtudes pour la Promotion Agropastorale (CEPAP) Cooperative League of the U.S.A (CLUSA) Eastern Mongolian Community Conservation Association Mongolian Society for Range Management Near East Foundation (NEF) Reto o Reto Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Private Sector Haydom Hospital State, Country Tanzania
State, Country New Mexico, USA South Dakota, USA
Institution Type GO GO
LCC CRSP Project(s) REMM TRANS
State, Country Mongolia Mali Mali Senegal Mongolia France Niger Mongolia Mali Tajikistan State, Country Mali Mali Mali Mongolia Mongolia Mali Kenya Mongolia
Institution Type RI RI RI NARS RI RI RI RI RI NARS Institution Type NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO
LCC CRSP Project(s) REMM MLPI-2 TRANS GSFA/RIVERS REMM GSFA/RIVERS RPRA REMM TRANS FORT LCC CRSP Project(s) TRANS TRANS GSFA/RIVERS REMM REMM GSFA/RIVERS PTRF REMM LCC CRSP Project(s) RPRA
Institution Type Private
56
Annual Report 2010
LCC CRSP Publications and Presentations FY2010

Publications
Lupis, S. G. Editor. Chronicles, Fall 2010. Livestock-Climate Change CRSP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Lupis, S. G. Editor. Chronicles, Winter 2011. Livestock-Climate Change CRSP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Lupis, S. G., S. Gillette, and J. Davis. 2011. Livestock, climate change and nutrition: leveraging livestock to improve livelihoods. Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Program Bizimana, J. C., D. A. Bessler, and J. P. Angerer. 2011. Livestock market integration and price discovery: Case of Mali. Southern Agricultural Economics Associate Annual Meeting, Corpus Christi, TX, February 5-8, 2011. Herrick, J. and P. Shaver. 2011. Maximizing return on investments in land management with ecological site information: results of the first phase of a pilot study on the Mpala Research Center, Laikipia District, Kenya. Unpublished report.

Fernandez-Gimenez, M. E. 2011. Mongolian Rangelands and Resilience (MOR2) Social Training. Presentation at Training Workshop, April 4-5, 2011, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Galvin, K., R. Reid, J. Njoka, D. Ole Nkedianye, P. Thornton. 2011. Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate From the Ground Up. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/05-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011kgalvinptrfproject). Galvin, K. 2011. Multiple Exposures: Pastoral Transformation under Fragmentation and Climate Change. Society of Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. April 2, 2011. Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, and G. Tappan. 2010. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. LCC CRSP Advisory Board Meeting, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, October 20, 2010. Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, and G. Tappan. 2011. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/03-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011nhanantr ansproject). Joshi, N. and K. Maredia. 2011. Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha. re/n678if ). Lacy, M., C. Keske, and J. Houston 2011. Mali Poultry Project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimate-change-crsp-annual-meeting-2011mali-poultry-project-update-m-lacy).
57
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Little, Peter D. 2011. Climate variability, pastoralism, and commodity chains in semi-arid and arid areas of Ethiopia and Kenya (CHAINS). LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http:// www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/07-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011plittlechainsproject-7819482). Little, P. D. 2011. Discussant, Invited Panel on Pastoralism and the Politics of Livelihood: Rural Governance, Resource Management, and Neo-Liberal Development in Arid Lands, Annual Meetings of Society for Applied Anthropology, Seattle, Washington, March 30-April 2, 2010. Little, P. D. 2011. Panelist and speaker, Plenary session on Synthesis and Summary, International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23, 2011 (http://www. future-agricultures.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7524&Itemid=1017). Little, P. D. 2011. Chair, Panel on Land Grabbing, Tenure, and Pastoralist Response, International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23, 2011. Little, P. D. 2011 Commentary on Commercializing Pastoralism. International Conference on the Future of Pastoralism in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March 21-23, 2011 (http://www.future-agricultures.org/ index.php?option=com_lyftenbloggie&view=entry&category=pastoralism&id=31%3Acommercialisingpastoralism&Itemid=970). McKune, S. L. 2011. Effects of perceived risk of climate change on patterns of adaptation and livelihood resilience in eastern Niger. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www. slideshare.net/csucrsp/04-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011smckunerpraproject). McPeak, J. 2011. Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative-Phase 2. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimate-change-crsp-annual-meeting2011-mlpi2-project-update-m-lacy). McPeak, J. 2011. La Gestion des Systems Fluviaux pour lAvenir (GSFA) aka Rivers. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimate-change-crspannual-meeting-2011-gsfarivers-project-update-j-mcpeak). Miller, W. 2011. Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate: Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement (HALI) Project. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/06-lcccrsp-annualmeeting2011wmillerh ali2project). Mwangi, S. 2011. Climate Change Indicators in Kenya. PTRF Workshop. January 31-February 1, 2011, Kitengela, Kenya. Reid, R. S. 2011. Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders under a Changing Climate through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and Community-based Conservation. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://slidesha.re/nwouWk). Riginos, C., J. Belnap, J. Herrick, D. W. Kimiti, J. Njoka, W. O. Odadi, D. Rubenstein, and T. Young. 2011. A cost-effectiveness framework for landscape rehabilitation and carbon sequestration in northern Kenya. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/ livestockclimate-change-crsp-annual-meeting-2011-carbon-project-update).
58
Annual Report 2010 Russo, S. 2011. Incorporating gender equity assessments into your research. LCC CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011 (http://www.slideshare.net/csucrsp/livestockclimate-change-annualmeeting-2011-gender-and-climate-change). Thornton, P. 2011. Kenya rangelands: climate past and future. PTRF Workshop. January 31-February 1, 2011, Kitengela, Kenya.
Posters
Hanan, N., L. Prihodko, F. Dembele, M. Karembe, I. Barry, M. Diarra, B. Telly, G. Tappan. 2010. Transhumance, natural resources and conflict in the Sahel: a pilot project. Institute for Livestock and the Environment Stakeholder Summit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, December 10, 2010. Galvin, K., R. Reid, J. Njoka, D. Ole Nkedianye, P. Thornton. 2010. Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate From the Ground Up. Institute for Livestock and the Environment Stakeholder Summit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, December 2, 2010. Keita, F., and F. Doumbia. 2011. Rduction du Risque et Amlioration des Vies en Rgions Pastorales au Mali: Projet sur le Btail et le Pastoralisme au Mali. Festival du Niger, Segu, Mali, February 1-5, 2011 (http://cnrit.tamu.edu/jangerer/Festival_du_niger_poster_fr.zip). McKune, S. L. 2011. The Effect of Perceived Risk of Climate Change on Patterns of Adaptation and Livelihood Resilience in Eastern Niger. National Science Foundation IGERT Trainee Poster Competition May 3-6, 2011 (http://www.igert.org/posters2011/posters/16). Salman, M. D., J. G. Davis, D. Hoag, and S. C. Gillette. Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program. Institute for Livestock and the Environment Stakeholder Summit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, December 10, 2010.
Bibliographic Databases and Miscellaneous

Opondo, C., D. Negassa, and P. Little. 2011. Select Annotated Bibliography on Climate Variability and Its Effects on Pastoralist Welfare and Livestock Markets (DRAFT), Development Studies Program, Emory University. Little, Peter D., Contributed to Climate Change, from the Hoofs up, Emory eScience Commons. Dec. 16, 2010 (http://esciencecommons.blogspot.com/2010/12/climate-change-from-hooves-up.html).
59
Glossary
ADISSAH ALOS APHIS ARS ASTER BONES BRUC CAMELS CAP CARBON CCAFS CEPAP CGIAR CHAINS CLUSA CNPS CO2 CRSP CSU CVMBS DIMA DNGR DNH DNPIA DVO EPA EROS ERP FAO Association pour le Dveloppement Intgr dans la Savane et le Sahel Advanced Land Observing Satellite Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agricultural Research Service Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Generating Income from Slaughter Wastes in Ethiopia Through Conversion to Fertilizer The Pastureland, Animal, Human Health Interface Reemergence of Brucellosis in Mongolia Improving Adaptive Capacity and Market Participation of the Borana Pastoralists: A Value Chain Analysis of Live Camel and Camel Products in the Borana Plateau Capacity Assessment Protocol A Cost Effective Framework for Landscape Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration in North Kenya (LCC CRSP project) Challenge Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Centre dtudes pour la Promotion Agropastorale Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research Climate Variability, Pastoralism, and Commodity Chains in Ethiopia and Kenya (LCC CRSP project) Cooperative League of the U.S.A. Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Carbon Dioxide Collaborative Research Support Program Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Database for Inventory, Monitoring, and Assessment Department of Watershed and Rural Road Management, Mali Mali Department of Water Management Direction Nationale des Productions et des Industries Animales District Veterinary Officer Environmental Protection Agency Earth Resources Observation Systems External Review Panel Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
60
Annual Report 2010 Family Farming Program Enhancing Livestock Production Systems in Tajikistan to Mitigate Potential Impacts of Climate Change (LCC CRSP project) Feed the Future Fiscal Year 2010 (April 2010-April 2011) Gross Domestic Product Geographic Information System Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program Government Organization Geographic Positioning System La Gestion des Systmes Fluviaux pour lAvenir/River Systems for the Future (LCC CRSP project) Graduate Student Fellowship Program Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement Project Strengthening Tanzanian Livestock Health and Pastoral Livelihoods in a Changing Climate (LCC CRSP project) Higher Education for Development International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Area Institut dEconomie Rural Institute for Geo-Ecology Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship International Livestock Research Institute lInstitut Polytechnique Rural Institutional Review Board Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Dveloppement Local Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Livestock Information Knowledge System Livestock Market Information System Long-Term Research Program Millennium Development Goals Management Entity Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative-Phase 1 Mali Livestock and Pastoralist Initiative-Phase 2
FFP FORT FTF FY2010 GDP GIS GL-CRSP GO GPS GSFA/RIVERS GSFP HALI HALI-2 HED ICARDA IER IGE IGERT ILRI IPR IRB LASDEL LCC CRSP LINKS LMIS LTRP MDG ME MLPI-1 MLPI-2
61
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Does Community-Based Rangeland Ecosystem Management Increase Coupled Systems Resilience to Climate Change in Mongolia (NSF project) Mali Poultry Project National Agricultural Research System Non-Governmental Organization National Science Foundation Perceived Risk from Climate Change (PTRF project) Pastoral Transformations to Resilient Futures: Understanding Climate from the Ground Up (LCC CRSP project) Increasing Adaptive Capacity of Mongolian Livestock Herders Under a Changing Climate Through Rangeland Ecosystem Monitoring and Community-Based Conservation (LCC CRSP project) Research Institute Recherche dInitiatives et de Coopration pour un Dveloppement Communautaire et Autonome Risk, Perception, Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Niger and Tanzania (LCC CRSP project) South Dakota State University Seed Grant Program Short Message Service Small Ruminant Collaborative Research Support Program Texas A&M University Thematic Mapper Transhumance, Natural Resources, and Conflict in the Sahel: a Pilot Project (LCC CRSP project) United Nations University of Central Asia University of Georgia Uniform Resource Locator U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Geological Survey Veterinary Investigation Center Wildlife Conservation Society
MOR2 MPP NARS NGO NSF PRCC PTRF REMM
RI RICAD RPRA SDSU SGP SMS SR-CRSP TAMU TM TRANS U.N. UCA UGA URL USAID USDA USGS VIC WCS
62
LCC CRSP
LIVESTOCK-CLIMATE CHANGE CRSP Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1644 PH: 970.297.5060 | FX: 970.297.4321 Email: csucrsp@colostate.edu www.LCCCRSP.org
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ANNUAL REPORT 2010

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Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change Collaborative Research Support Program

2010 Annual Report

Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change

Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change

Printed on Recycled Paper

Annual Report 2010

Annual Report 2010

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Annual Report 2010

Building sustainable research capacity

Expanding income opportunities and increasing stability for livestock keepers

Advancing management practices to adapt to climate change

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Graduate Student Fellowship Program

Build Capacity of Institutional Partners

Characteristics of LCC CRSP Projects

Annual Report 2010

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Projects

Seed Grant Program

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP Organizational Structure

USAID Agreement Officers Technical Representative

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Lead Principal Investigators

External Review Panel

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

2010-2011 LCC CRSP Key Achievements

Feed the Future

Annual Report 2010

2010-2011 LCC CRSP Project Portfolio

2011 Annual Meeting

Mali Associate Award

Technical Advisory Groups

Total 5,870 17,371 N/A N/A N/A N/A

% Difference 470.45% 411.66% N/A N/A N/A N/A

LCC CRSP Themes and Impacts

Building Sustainable Research Capacity

Expanding Income Opportunities

Advancing Management Practices

Human Welfare and Nutrition

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Seed Grant Program

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Seed Grant Program Project Activities East Africa

Annual Report 2010

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Presentations and Seminars

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Annual Report 2010

Presentations and Seminars

Bibliographic Databases and Miscellaneous

Discipline Global/Public Health

Annual Report 2010

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Annual Report 2010

Presentations and Seminars

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP

Annual Report 2010

Presentations and Seminars

Discipline Dryland Resource Management Program Dryland Resource Management Program

Degree Ph.D. Ph.D.

PTRF Non-Degree Training for FY2010 Country Male Female Kenya 30 14

Livestock-Climate Change CRSP