Statementof ProfessorsfromCollegesandUniversities AcrosstheUnitedStatesonHR2587

HR2587,currentlybeingconsideredbytheHouseofRepresentativesandendorsedbya majorityoftheHouseCommitteeonEducationandtheWorkforce,wouldamendthe NationalLaborRelationsActtotakeawayfromtheNLRBtheabilitytoremedyunfair laborpracticesinvolvingtheremovalofworkortheeliminationofjobsbyrequiring employerstoundotheirunlawfulactions.Asscholarsoflawandlaborpolicy,weare deeplyconcernedaboutthefarreachingimpactthisbillwouldhaveonemployeesbasic rightstoorganize,tobargaincollectively,andtoengageinotherconcertedactivities protectedbytheNLRA. ThelanguageoftheproposedamendmenttotheActissweeping.Itprovidesthatthe Boardshallhavenopowertoorderanemployer(orseekanorderagainstanemployer)to restoreorreinstateanywork,product,productionline,orequipment,torescindany relocation,transfer,subcontracting,outsourcing,orotherchangeregardingthelocation, entity,orpersonswhoshallbeengagedinproductionorotherbusinessoperations. ThislanguagehasbeenjustifiedbythebillssponsorsandcriticsoftheBoardasa responsetotheNLRBActingGeneralCounselsactionsinissuingacomplaintagainst BoeingCorporation.Assuch,itwouldpreventtheBoardandthecourtsfromdirecting BoeingtorestoreworktoitsemployeesinWashingtonStateintheeventthatthe companyisfoundtohaveillegallymovedtheworkinretaliationforthoseworkers exerciseoflegallyprotectedrights. Butthatunprecedentedinterferencewithapendinglegalproceedingforthebenefitofa particularemployerisnotallthatthebillwoulddo.Ifenacted,HR2587willeliminate theabilityoftheNLRBandthecourtstoeffectivelyremedyanydiscriminatorily motivateddecisiontotransferworkfromemployeesoreliminatetheirjobsnotfor legitimatebusinessreasons,butbecausetheemployeeshaveengagedinunionorother NLRAprotectedactivity.Itwillalsoeliminateanymeaningfulremedyforanemployers refusaltobargainwithaunionincircumstanceswhereitisrequiredtodosobefore transferringorcontractingoutworkperformedbyworkerstheunionrepresents. TheBoardhaslongheldthatmovingjobsfromonefacilitytoanotherorshuttingdowna particularoperationtoavoidunionizationortopunishworkersforengaginginprotected activityviolatesabasicpolicyoftheAct,thatofinsulatingunionactivityfrom economic reprisal.[1] Thesameistrueofdiscriminatorilymotivateddecisionstosubcontractor outsourcework.[2] Thestandardremedyforsuchaviolation,regularlyaffirmedbythe FederalCourtsofAppeals,isanordertotheemployertoreturntheworkthathasbeen unlawfullyeliminatedorremoved.[3] Intheinterestsofeconomicefficiency,however, theBoardwillnotrequirerestorationofworkiftheemployercanshowthatitwouldbe undulyburdensometodoso.[4] Anordertorestoreworkthathasbeeneliminatedorremovedisalsothestandardremedy incaseswheretheemployersactionsweretakeninviolationofitsdutytobargain.In unionizedworkplaces,employershavealegalobligationtobargainovercertaindecisions

affectingwhereandbywhombargainingunitworkisperformed.Iftheemployeracts unilaterally,withoutfirstbargainingwiththeunionuntilthepartiesreachagreementor areatimpasse,theBoardroutinelyorderstheemployertorescindtheunilateralaction andrestoretheworkuntilthedutytobargainhasbeensatisfied,subjectagaintothe undulyburdensomestandard.[5] IfHR2587becomeslaw,theBoardwillbeprecludedfromorderingthiscommonsense relief.Employerswillbeabletoeliminatejobsortransferemployeesorworkforno purposeotherthantopunishemployeesforexercisingtheirrightsandtheBoardwillbe powerlesstodirecttheemployertoreturntheworkregardlessofthecircumstances. Withouttheabilitytoorderaunionizedemployertobringbackworkthathasbeen unilaterallytransferredoroutsourcedinviolationofthedutytobargain,theBoardwill alsobeunabletoinsurethatemployees,thoughtheirunion,areabletoengagein meaningfulbargainingoversuchdecisions. Wearedismayedthatasinglecomplaint,notyettriedbyanadministrativelawjudge arguedtotheBoard,orruledonbythecourts,shouldbethebasisforsofundamentala reversaloflongstandinglaw.ThelegaltheoryonwhichtheActingGeneralCounsels complaintagainstBoeingisbasedisthoroughlyconsistentwithexistinglaw.Contraryto theclaimsofcritics,theActingGeneralCounselisnotseekingtodictatewhereBoeing assignswork,butonlytoinsurethatsuchactionsarenottakeninretaliationforworkers exerciseofrightsprotectedbytheNLRA.Infactthecomplaintitselfspecificallystates thattheActingGeneralCounseldoesnotseektoprohibitRespondentfrommakingnon discriminatorydecisionswithrespecttowhereworkwillbeperformed,includingnon discriminatorydecisionswithrespecttoworkatitsNorthCharleston,SouthCarolina, facility. Butaswehaveshown,theimpactofHR2587wouldgowellbeyondoverrulingthe ActingGeneralCounselsactionsintheBoeingcase.Ifenacted,itwillgivetacit permissiontoemployerstopunishanysegmentoftheirworkforcethatchoosesto unionizeortoexercisetherighttostrikebyeliminatingtheirjobs.Itwillallowunionized employerswhofinditconvenienttoignoretheirduty tobargainwiththeunionbefore transferringoreliminatingbargainingunitworktoactunilaterallywithoutconcernfor legalconsequences.Employerswillbeabletoeliminatelinesofwork,hire subcontractors,switchjobstononunionfacilitiesortransferthemoutofthecountryin violationoftheNLRAsecureintheknowledgethattheBoardwillbeunabletoorderit toundothoseactions. IntheCommitteereportregardingthebill,themajoritystates,Toensureemployeescan continuetoexercisetheirrightsunderfederallaborlaw,theNLRBwillcontinuetohave morethanadozenstrongremediesagainstunfairlaborpracticestoprotectworkersand holdunlawfulemployersaccountable.However,thereportdoesnotlistthoseremedies andweareatalosstoidentifythem.TheBoardsremedialpowerunderexistinglawis alreadyseverelyrestrained.TheBoardcannotimposesanctions.Itmaynotseekto punishwrongdoers.Itcannotimposefinesitcannotrequireanythingthatwouldamount

toanewcontractbetweentheparties.Ifthebillpasses,theBoardwillhavenoeffective responsetobasicunfairlaborpractices. TheCommitteemajorityseekstojustifythereducingofemployeerightsandBoard authoritybyclaimingthatitismerelystrengtheningtheemployersrighttomakebasic businessdecisions,includingwhereandhowtoinvestitsresources.Werejectthe premisethatrestoringworktothosewhowouldperformitwereitnotfortheemployers unlawfulactionviolatesanemployersbasicentrepreneurialrights.Thepolicyof restoringvictimstothepositiontheywouldhavebeeninhaditnotbeenforunlawful conductiscommonthroughoutourlegalsystem,anditrepresentsnomorethana recognitionofsimplejustice.
FritoLay,Inc.232NLRB753(1977)(employerviolatedtheActbyshuttingdown plantandtransferringtheworktoanotherfacilityinresponsetoaunionorganizingcampaign)Lear Siegler,Inc.,295NLRB857(1989)(same). 2.See,forexample, CenturyAirFreight,284NLRB730(1987)(employerssubcontractingoftrucking workviolatedActbecausepurposewastoavoidbargainingwithunion).Seealso Aguayaov.Quadrtech Corp.,129F.Supp.2d1273(C.D.Cal.2000)(grantingtheBoardsrequestforan injunctionstoppingan employerfrommovingitsCaliforniaoperationstoMexicoinretaliationforunionorganizing). 3. See,forexample, MidSouthBottlingCo.v.NLRB,876F.2d458(5thCir.1989)(affirming appropriatenessofBoardorderdirectingbottlingcompanytoreopenadistributionfacilityclosedbecause employeesvotedforunionrepresentation)WoodlineMotorFreight,Inc.v.NLRB,843F.2d285(8thCir. 1988)(upholdingBoardorderrequiringemployertorestoretruckingoperationstransferredtoanother facilityafteremployeesengagedinunionorganizingcampaign) StatlerIndustries,Inc.,644F.2d902(1st Cir.1981)(approvingBoardorderdirectingemployertorestoreofficejobsrelocatedtoanotherfacilityin ordertofrustrateunionorganizingactivity). 4.LearSiegler,Inc.,supra,295NLRBat861. 5.TheBoardsauthoritytoordersucharemedyinrefusaltobargaincaseswasexpresslyaffirmedbythe SupremeCourtinFibreboardPaperProductsCorp.v.NLRB,379U.S.203(1964),whichupheldaBoard orderdirectinganemployerthatcontractedouttheworkofitsmaintenanceemployeeswithoutfirst bargainingwiththeemployeesuniontoresumemaintenanceoperationsandreinstatetheemployees.The Courtsaidtheorderrestoringthe statusquoantetoinsuremeaningfulbargainingwaswelldesignedto promotethepoliciesoftheActandhadnotbeenshowntoimposeanundueburdenontheemployer.Id.at 216
1.See,forexample,

Institutionsandaffiliationslistedforidentificationpurposesonly. SIGNED: JuliusGetman ProfessorandChair,SchoolofLaw,UniversityofTexasatAustin WITH: RichardL.Abel MichaelJ.ConnellDistinguishedProfessorofLawEmeritus,UCLALaw DavidAbraham Professor,UniversityofMiamiSchoolofLaw

MimiAbramovitz BerthaCapenReynoldsProfessorofSocialPolicy,SilbermanSchoolofSocialWorkat HunterCollege,CUNY DougAllen VisitingProfessor, LaborStudiesandEmploymentRelations,PennsylvaniaState University Sally Alvarez Faculty,SchoolofIndustrialandLaborrelations,CornellUniversity Edwin Amenta Professor,Sociology,UniversityofCalifornia RobertAngelo ProfessorEmeritus,SchoolofManagementandLaborRelations,RutgersUniversity Fran Ansley ProfessorofLawEmeritus,Law,UniversityofTennesseeCollegeofLaw JohnArcherPh.D. Professor, English,NewYorkUniversity ElisabethArmstrong AssociateProfessor, ProgramfortheStudyofWomenandGender,SmithCollege RachelArnowRichman, ProfessorofLaw& DirectorWorkplaceLawProgram,SturmCollegeofLaw,University ofDenver StevenAshby Prof. FullClinicalProfessor, SchoolofLaborandEmploymentRelations,Universityof IllinoisatUrbanaChampaign JamesAtleson DistinguishedTeachingProfessorEmeritus,UniversityatBuffaloSchoolofLaw Tom AuxterDr. Professor,Philosophy,UniversityofFlorida RickBales ProfessorandDirectorofCenterforExcellenceinAdvocacy,SalmonP.ChaseCollege ofLaw,NorthernKentuckyUniversity ReginaBannan Ph.D. CollegeProfessor,AmericanStudies,TempleUniversity

MarkBarenberg Professor,ColumbiaUniversityLawSchool Bill Barry Professor,LaborStudies,CommunityCollegeofBaltimoreCounty RosalynBaxandall Professor Professor,AmericanStudies,HAW FriedaBehets Professor, Epidemiology,UniversityofNorthCarolina JaniceR.Bellace SamuelBlankProfessorofLegalStudies,TheWhartonSchool,University of Pennsylvania DavidBensman Professor,LaborStudiesandEmploymentRelations,RutgersUniversity ElaineBernard,Ph.D. ExecutiveDirector,LaborandWorklifeProgram,HarvardLawSchool CyrusBina DistinguishedResearchProfessorofEconomics,DivisionofSocialSciences,University ofMinnesota AnnBlum Professor,DepartmentofHispanicStudies,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston RossBorden Teacher,English,SUNYCortland Eileen Boris Professor,FeministStudiesandHistory,Universityof California,SantaBarbara EnobongBranch Professor,Sociology,UMassAmherst RenateBridenthal Ph.D. Professor(retired),History,BrooklynCollege,CUNY Ralph Brill Professor,Law, IllinoisInstituteofTechnology,ChicagoKentCollegeofLaw Peter D.G.Brown

DistinguishedServiceProfessor, NewPaltz,SUNYNewPaltz DavidBrundage Professor,History,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz RobertBussel AssociateProfessorandDirector, LaborEducationandResearchCenter,Universityof Oregon LarryS.Bush ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofMississippiSchoolofLaw SusanMCarlson Ph.D. AssociateProfessor, Sociology,WesternMichiganUniversity KennethM.Casebeer, Professor ofLaw,UniversityofMiamiSchoolofLaw. RamonaCaswell Instructor, Chemistry,MNSCU William Charland AssociateProfessor,Art, WesternMichiganUniversity Kimberly Christensen Ph.D. Facultymamber,Economics,SarahLawrenceCollege JohnW.Cioffi AssociateProfessor, PoliticalScience,UniversityofCalifornia MarcCirigliano Professor,Arts,SUNYEmpireStateCollege Paul Clark Professor&Dept.Head, LaborStudies&EmploymentRelations,PennStateUniversity Dan Clawson Professor Professor,Sociology,UnivofMassachusettsAmherst Peter Cole Professor,History,WesternIllinoisUniversity ReyesCollTellechea AssociateProfessor,DeptofHispanicStudies,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston DaveColnic

AssociateProfessor, PoliticalScienceandPublicAdministration,CSUStanislaus Martin ComackPhD Adjunctprofessor,Government, MassachusettsbayCommunityCollege AngelaCornell LawProfessor, LawSchool,CornellUniversity MarionCrain WileyB.RutledgeProfessorandDirector,CenterfortheInterdisciplinaryStudyofWork &Social Capital,WashingtonUniversity inSt.LouisLaw Ellen DanninJ.D. ProfessorofLaw,DickinsonSchoolofLaw,PennState KennethG.DauSchmidt,JD,PhD WillardandMargaretCarrProfessorofLaborandEmploymentLaw,MaurerSchoolof Law,IndianaUniversity Rev.Dr.EK Daufin Ph.D. Professor,Communication,AlabamaStateUniversity Neill DeClercq Professor,SchoolforWorkers, Univ.WisconsinExtension CharlesDerber Professor,SociologyDepartment,BostonCollege Alan Derickson Ph.D. Professor,History,PennStateUniv. Amy Dietz Lecturer, LSER, PennStateUniversity Jan DizardProfessor Professor,Anthropology/sociology,AmherstCollege CoreyDolgon ProfessorandDirectorofCommunityBasedLearning,DepartmentofSociology, StonehillCollege KateDrabinski CollegeTeacher,GenderandWomen'sStudies,UniversityofMaryland,Baltimore County OliverDreher

Management,Sales,Comex Melvyn Dubofsky Ph.D. DistinguishedProfessorofHistory&SociologyEmeritus,History,Binghamton University,SUNY Michael C.Duff AssociateProfessorofLaw,UniversityofWyomingCollegeofLaw Lynn Duggan Professor,LaborStudies,IndianaUniv.Bloomington MaxineEichner ProfessorofLaw,Law,UNCSchoolofLaw DebraEmmelman Professor,DepartmentofSociology,SouthernConnecticutStateUniversity CynthiaEstlund CatherineA.ReinProfessorofLaw,NYUSchoolofLaw BarbaraFick AssociateProfessorofLaw,LawSchool,UniversityofNotreDameLawSchool EricFink AssociateProfessor, SchoolofLaw,ElonUniversity PaulaFinn LaborEducator, MurphyInstitute,CUNY KadeFinnoff AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston Dr.ElisabethSchsslerFiorenza KristerStendahlProfessor,HarvardDivinitySchool MatthewW.Finkin AlbertJ.HarnoandEdwardW.ClearyChairinLaw,CenterforAdvancedStudy Professor,UniversityofIllinoisCollegeofLaw MichaelFischl Professor ofLaw,UniversityofConnecticutSchoolofLaw CatherineFisk Chancellor'sProfessor,SchoolofLaw,UniversityofCaliforniaIrvine

Milton Fisk ProfessorEmeritus,Philosophy,IndianaUniversity WilliamE.Forbath LloydM.BentsenChairinLaw,UniversityofTexasSchoolofLaw Miriam FrankPh.D Professor,LiberalStudies,NewYorkUniversity Michael Friedman Ph.D. Professor, EnglishandTheatre, UniversityofScranton MaryOFurnerPh.D. Professor,History,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara RitaGallin Dr. ProfessorEmerita,DepartmentofSociology,MichiganStateUniversity Ruben Garcia ProfessorofLaw,WilliamS.BoydSchoolofLaw,UniversityofNevada,LasVegas RebeccaGivan AssistantProfessor, ILRSchool,CornellUniversity MichaelJ.Goldberg Professor ofLaw,WidenerUniversitySchoolofLaw Nancy Goldfarb VisitingAssistantProfessor, English,IUPUI Alvin Goldman ProfessorofLawEmeritus,CollegeofLaw,UniversityofKentucky GeorgeGonos collegeprofessor,Sociology,SUNYatPotsdam ColinGordon Professor Professor,History,UniversityofIowa JenniferGordon ProfessorofLaw,FordhamUniversitySchoolofLaw StathisGourgourisPh.D. Professor,ComparativeLiterature,ColumbiaUniversity Jeff Grabelsky Mr.

LaborEducator, LaborRelations,CornellUniversity LoisGray Professor,LLRD,Cornelluniversity MarcD.Greenbaum Professor ofLaw,SuffolkUniversityLawSchool JosephR.Grodin DistinguishedEmeritusProfessor,UniversityofCaliforniaHastingsCollegeoftheLaw Anthony GronowiczDr. Professor,SocialScience,CUNY LawrenceGrossberg DistinguishedProfessor,CommunicationStudies,UniversityofNorthCarolina MarilynHacker ProfessorEmerita,DepartmentofFrench,CUNYGraduateCenter John Hammond Professor,Sociology,HunterCollegeandGraduateCetner,CUNY DesalesHarrison AssociateProfessor, English,OberlinCollege John Hess Professor, English/AmericanStudies,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston TobiasHigbie AssociateProfessor,HistoryDepartment,UCLA JeffreyHirsch AssociateProfessor,UniversityofNorthCarolinaSchoolofLaw AnnC.Hodges Professor ofLaw,UniversityofRichmondSchoolofLaw AlanHyde DistinguishedProfessorandSidneyReitmanScholar,RutgersUniversitySchoolofLaw Amy Ickowitz AssistantProfessor, Economics,ClarkUniversity ElizabethM.Iglesias ProfessorofLaw&DirectorCenterforHispanic&CaribbeanLegalStudies,University ofMiamiSchoolofLaw

M.ThandabantuIverson Dr. Asst.Prof.,IndianaUniversityLaborStudiesProgram,IndianaUniversityLaborStudies Program,SchoolofSocialWork Elizabeth Jameson Professor,History,UniversityofCalgary Jeanette Jeneault CollegeInstructor, Writing,SyracuseUniversity HilmarJensen AssociateProfessor,History,BatesCollege Tom Juravich PhD Professor,Sociology/LaborCenter,UMassAmherst MichelleKaminski AssociateProfessor, SchoolofHumanResources&LaborRelations,MichiganState University Jonathan Karpf Lecturer, Anthropology,SanJoseStateUniversity KathleenKautzer AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofSociology,RegisCollege StephanieKay SeniorLecturer, UniversityWritingProgram,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside PatriciaKeely Faculty,CellBiology,UniversityofWisconsin RobertKeohan AssociateProfessor, English,MerrimackCollege AlexanderKeyssar StirlingProfessorofHistoryandSocialPolicy Chair,Democracy,Politics,and Institutions,KennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversity AssafJ.Kfoury Professor,ComputerScienceDepartment,BostonUniversity MarleneKim Dr. Professor, Economics,UniversityofMassachusetts

LisaKlein Professor,MaterialsScience&Engineering,RutgersUniversity SherrylKleinman Professor,Sociology,UNC,ChapelHill JamesKorsh Ph.D. Professor,CIS, TempleUniversity JohnKretzschmar Director, InstituteforLaborStudies,UniversityofNebraskaatOmaha Max Krochmal AssistantProfessor,History,TexasChristianUniversity Gordon Lafer Professor,LaborEducation&ResearchCenter,UniversityofOregon Joan Landes FerreeProfessor,History&Women'sStudies,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity FredericLee Professor, Economics,UniversityofMissouriKansasCity DavidLenson Professor,ComparativeLiterature,UMass Dan Letwin AssociateProfessor,History,PennStateUniversity CharlesLevenstein,Ph.D. ProfessorEmeritusofWorkEnvironment,UniversityofMassachusettsLowell AdjunctProfessorofOccupationalHealth,TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine JosephLevine Professor,DepartmentofPhilosophy,UniversityofMassachusettsAmherst PenelopeLewis AssistantProfessor,JosephS.MurphyInstituteforWorkerEducationandLaborStudies, CityUniversityofNewYork Alex Lichtenstein AssociateProfessor,HistoryDepartment,IndianaUniversity NelsonLichtenstein

MacArthurFoundationChairinHistory,Director,CenterfortheStudyofWork,Labor, andDemocracy,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara RisaL.Lieberwitz Professor ofLaborandEmploymentLaw,SchoolofIndustrial&LaborRelations, CornellUniversity John Logan ProfessorandDirectorofLaborandEmploymentRelations,CollegeofBusiness,San FranciscoStateUniversity StephanieLuce AssociateProfessor,MurphyInstitute, CityUniversityofNewYork MargaretLucia Professor,Music&theater, ShippensburgUniv.ofPrnnsylvania DennisO.Lynch ProfessorofLawandDeanEmeritus,UniversityofMiamiSchoolofLaw CatherineLynde AssociateProfessor, EconomicsDepartment,UniversityofMassachusettsBoston Jon Lyon AssociateProfessor,Biology,MerrimackCollege DeborahMalamud AnBryceProfessorof Law,NewYorkUniversitySchoolofLaw DebbieMaranville, ProfessorofLawandDirector,ClinicalLawProgram&UnemploymentCompensation Clinic,UniversityofWashingtonSchoolofLaw Marian Marion Ph.D. Professor, Education,GovernorsStateUniversity GillianMason LecturerinEnglishandAmericanStudies,SuffolkUniversity,Universityof Massachusetts,Boston KentMathewson Dr. Geographer,Geography&Anthropology,LouisianaStateUniversity Michael Mauer Professor,LaborStudies,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaign

JosephA.McCartin Professor,History,GeorgetownUniversity John McGowan CollegeProfessor, English,UniversityofNorthCarolina RobertMeister Professor,History ofConsciousness,UniversityofCalifornia JackMetzgar Professoremeritus,Humanities,RooseveltUniversity CarlinMeyer Professor&Director,DianeAbbeyLawCenterforChildrenandFamilies,NewYork LawSchool Peter Meyer ProfessorEmeritus,Urban&PublicAffairs,Univ.ofLouisville Ruth Milkman Professor,Sociology,CUNYGraduateCenter AngelaMillerDr. Professor,ArtHistory,WashingtonUniversity John Mineka Professor,mathematics,CUNY Susan MoirScD UniversityResearcher,CPCS,UMassBoston CharlesMorris ProfessorEmeritus,DedmanSchool ofLaw,SouthernMethodistUniversity Tracy Mott AssociateProfessor&DepartmentChair,Economics,UniversityofDenver GeorgeMuedeking EmeritusProfessor,Sociology,CSUStanislaus ChrisNagel CollegeFaculty,Philosophy,CSUStanislaus Ruth Needleman Ph.D. Professor,Leadership&SocialJustice,CalumetCollegeofSt.Joseph

DavidNikkel Dr. Professor,PhilosophyandReligion,UniversityofNorthCarolinaPembroke BruceNissen UniversityProfessor, CenterforLaborResearchandStudies,FloridaInternational University Carl Offner IndustryProfessorofComputerScience,ComputerScience,UniversityofMassachusetts Boston Colleen O'Neill AssociateProfessor,History,UtahStateUniversity DianaOrem AssistantProfessor, Psychology,CSUStanislaus Michal Osterweil Lecturer, GlobalStudies,UNCChapelHill Henry Owen ProfessorofBotany,BiologicalSciences,EasternIllinoisUniversity DavidOzonoff,MD,MPH ChairmanEmeritusandProfessorof EnvironmentalHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth, BostonUniversity FrancesFoxPiven DistinguishedProfessor,GraduateCenter, CityUniversityofNewYork DanaPolan Professor,CinemaStudies,NewYorkUniversity JamesGrayPope Professor,RutgersUniversitySchoolofLaw LauraPunnett Professor,DepartmentofWorkEnvironmentandCoDirector,CenterforthePromotion ofHealthintheNewEnglandWorkplace(CPHNEW),SchoolofHealth& Environment,UniversityofMassachusettsLowell Gretchen Purser Professor,Sociology,MaxwellSchoolofSyracuseUniversity AngelaMelinaRaab AdjunctProfessor,UniversityofTexasSchoolofLaw

RobertJ.Rabin Professor ofLaw,SyracuseUniversityCollegeofLaw LizRecko CoordinatorofAssessmentandTestingandInstructor,Psychology,Berkshire Community College Adolph ReedJr Professor,PoliticalScience,UniversityofPennsylvania ChrisRhomberg AssociateProfessor, SociologyandAnthropology,FordhamUniversity Charley Richardson FormerDirector, LaborExtensionProgram,UniversityofMassachusettsLowell BenjaminRobinson AssociateProfessor,GermanicStudies,IndianaUniversity TomRoeper Professor,DepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofMassachusettsSouthCollege BrishenRogers AssistantProfessor, TempleUniversityBeasleySchoolofLaw BethRosenberg,ScD,MPH AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofPublicHealth&CommunityMedicine,Tufts UniversitySchoolofMedicine Emily RosenbergMS Director, SNL,LaborStudies,DePaulUniversity RobertRoss ProfessorofSociology,ClarkUniversity Mary RussoPh.D Professor,Humanities,HampshireCollege FrancisRyan Dr. VisitingAssistantProfessor, History,TempleUniversity MarjorieSanchezWalkerDr. Professor,History,CaliforniaStateUniversityStanislaus RichardSavini

UniversityProfessor, ArtDepartment, CaliforniaStateUniversity Patrici Sawin AssociateProfessor,Anthropology,UniversityofNorthCarolina PaulaSchmidtMrs. Lecturer, English,CSUStanislaus JenniferSchuberth Professor,Religion,PortlandStateUniversity BergerSebastian Dr Professor, Economics,DickinsonCollege Karin Shapiro VisitingAssociateProfessor, History,DukeUniversity JenniferShererPhD Director,LaborCenter,UniversityofIowa Snehal Shingavi Professor, English,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin LaurenceShute ProfessorEmeritusofEconomics,Economics,CaliforniaStatePolytechnicUniversity, Pomona LouiseSimmonsPh.D. Professor,SchoolofSocialWork,UniversityofConnecticut JosephE.Slater EugeneN.BalkProfessorofLawandValues,UniversityofToledoCollegeofLaw DavidSmith Professor,Sociology,UCIrvine Betsy Smith Ph.D. AdjunctProfessorofESL,LanguageandLiteratureDepartment,CapeCodCommunity College DavidWhitten Smith S.T.D.,S.S.L. EmeritusProfessor, Theology JusticeandPeaceStudies,UniversityofSt.Thomas Carol Smith Dr. RetiredFaculty,CCNY,Dept.ofSpecialPrograms,CUNY

Jeffrey SpearProf. Professor, English,NewYorkUniversity SusanJ.Stabile RobertandMarionShortDistinguishedChairinLaw,UniversityofSt.ThomasSchool ofLaw TheodoreJ. St.Antoine ProfessorEmeritusofLaw,LawSchool,UniversityofMichiganLawSchool Howard Stein Professor,DAAS,UniversityofMichigan Joan Steinman DistinguishedProf.ofLaw,Law,ChicagoKentCollegeofLaw,Ill.Inst.ofTech. KatherineV.W.Stone ArjayandFrancisMillerDistinguishedProfessorofLaw,UCLASchoolofLaw Ann Strahm AssistantProfessor, Sociology,CSUStanislaus JillStrauss AdjunctAssistantProfessor,SociologyofConflict,JohnJayCollege,CUNY MaryRoseStrubbe Professor,Law, IITChicagoKentCollegeofLaw StephenJ.Sullivan Ph.D. Professor,Philosophy,EdinboroUniversityofPa. April Susky AcademicAdvisor/Professor,StudentSuccess,UniversityofAlaskaSoutheast,Sitka Campus GeraldSwanson Dr. Professor(retired),Science,DaytonaStateCollege Kim Tan Professor,Accounting&Finance,CaliforniaStateUniversityStanislaus MarkTaugerDr. Professor,History,WestVirginiaUniversity DonaldTaylor AssistantProfessor,LaborEducation SchoolforWorkers,UniversityofWisconsin

DanielThauTeitelbaum,M.D. AdjunctProfessor OccupationalandEnvironmentalHealth,ColoradoSchoolofPublicHealth UniversityofColoradoDenver Paul Thompson Professor AssociateProfessor,FilmandTelevision,NewYorkUniversity DonaldTomaskovicDevey ProfessorandChair,Sociology,UniveristyofMassachusetts RobertVadenGoad PhD AssociateProfessor,Mathematics,SouthernConnecticutStateUniversity AdrienneValdez Facultymember,CenterforLaborEducationandResearch,UniversityofHawaii West Oahu Joseph Varga Professor,LaborStudies,IndianaUniversity Steven Volk Professor,History,OberlinCollege PaulaVoos Professor,SchoolofManagementandLaborRelations,Rutgers KatherineWalstrom Ph.D. Professor,Div.NaturalSciences,NewCollegeofFlorida DevraWeber Professor,History,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside EveWeinbaum Director,LaborStudies,UMassAmherstLaborCenter MarleyS.Weiss Professor ofLaw,UniversityofMarylandSchoolofLaw MarthaS.West ProfessorofLawEmerita,UniversityofCaliforniaDavisSchool ofLaw AhmedA.White ProfessorofLawandAssociateDeanforResearch,UniversityofColoradoSchoolof Law

LucyWilliams Professor ofLaw,NortheasternUniversitySchoolofLaw JohnWilloughby Dr. Professor, Economics,AmericanUniversity SteveWing AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofEpidemiology,UniversityofNorthCarolina MichaelJ.Wishnie ClinicalProfessor,YaleLawSchool GoetzWolff Professor,UrbanPlanning,UCLA MartyWolfson, DirectoroftheHigginsLaborStudiesProgram,DepartmentofEconomics,Universityof NotreDame JohnWomackJr. RobertWoodsBlissProfessorofLatinAmerican HistoryandEconomics,emeritus, HistoryDepartment, HarvardUniversity. NanWoodruff Professor,History,PennStateUniversity DavidYamada ProfessorofLaw,LawSchool,SuffolkUniversityLawSchool Alex Zukas Professor,SocialSciences,NationalUniversity