GI BLOCK

Bacteria Summary

Bacterial Infections:

Inegestion of bacteria can cause many infections, summarised as the following: 1. Escherichia Coli: O157:H7 o Contaminated beef, and fruit juices. o Cytotoxin causes crampy abdominal pain o Causes hemorrhagic colitis, haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Enteroinvasive: o Contaminated foods and water o Invasive and causes inflammation like colitis Enterotoxigenic: o Contaminated food, and water o Enterotoxin causes watery diarrhoea Enterphatogenic & Enteroadherent: o Contaminated food, and water o Contact with brush borders causing watery diarrhoea 2. Clostridium difficile Associated with pseudomembranous colitis Due to anti-biotic associated infections Toxin assay is best way to confirm Treatment: Metronizazole; oral vancomycin may produce resistant restrains 3. Clostridium botulinum Food poisoning bacteria with toxins Causes paralysis and mydriasis In infants, it is usually contracted by eating spores in honey 4. Closteridium prefengis: Contaminated meat & poulty Performed exotoxin Causes acute gastroenteritis 5. Vibrio Cholera: Contaminated water or contaminated seafood. Treatment: Fluid+ glucose + electrolyte replacement. Two types: o 01 & 1039 stereotypes Epidemic Causes rice water stool Vomiting Dehydration with shock o Non-01 stereotypes: Fever nausea blood in stool Mainly related with eating sea food

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Bacteria Summary 6. Bacillus cereus: Gram positive rod Food poisoning with preformed toxins Associated with fried rice 7. Salmonella Food(poultry, eggs, seafood, and animal reservoir Invasion, inflammations Causes gastroenteritis, ileitis, colitis, enteric fever (s.typhi) 8. Campylobacter Jejuni Curved S-shaped gram negative rods Contracted by eating contaminated milk and diary products Dysentery bacteria 9. Shigella: Contaminated poultry and day-care centres Causes mycosal ulcerations, and inflammation Two phases: o Enteritis (Fever, cramps diarrhea) o Colitis(ulcer, inflammation Dysenteric bacteria 10. Yersina Entercolitica: Contaminated raw milk Invasion and inflammation, induce fever, RLQ pain, and pseudoappendicitis. Causes acute diarrhea or chronic ileocolitis, eg. Chrons disease. May cause speticemia in children. 11. Staphylococcus aureus Food poisoning bacteria Gasteroenteritis 1-6 hours after eating Associated with Chefs noise-picking phenomenon. 12. Mybacterium tuberculosis Acid-fast organism Invades pyers patches from primary source lungs. 13. Helicobacter pylori Spiral shaped bacteria Associated with Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD) Contaminated water in under-developed countaries Treatment: PPI or antacid + two antibiotics

References: http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/kt_toc.html Mims Medical Microbiology Lippincott's illustrated reviews: microbiology 2