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Understand the various ways in which fruits & seeds are dispersed.
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Runners (Stolons)
Strawberry Plant
Plantlets Bulbs
Duckweed Onions
Corms
Gladiolus
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Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or time There will not be a change in environment so the new plant does not have to adapt to its new climate Cloned offspring are more likely to succeed in the same stable areas as their parents.
Cons:
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The new plant will grow closely to the parent plant and the other new plants causing them to fight for water, nutrients and sunlight Less genetic diversity gives the offspring lesser chance of survival if the environment changes
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CrossPollination
Night-blooming Cereus
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Cons:
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Energy is expanded in finding a mate Reproduction is less likely because of the need to have 2 mates from 2 different genders
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Functions
Provides protection for the delicate internal structures and a small amount of food through photosynthesis for the remainder of the floral parts Designed for protection and their arrangement is often an attractant to the various animals such as insects that are necessary for the transfer of gametes or pollination It is the site of the production of pollen grains which is the male gamate It is the most central structure within the flower and actually is a leaf which has been modified to produce ovules
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Petals
Anthers Carpels
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Self-Pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or sometimes to that of a genetically identical flower.
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Process of Self-Pollination
1.Petals, also known as corolla, wilts 2.The upper lip of the petal/corolla, known as the galae, brings the pollen-filled galae, pollenanthers towards the stigma 3.Once the two touch, pollination occurs
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Cross-Pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another with a different genetic composition, as by insects, or deliberately by a botanist.
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Process of Cross-Pollination
Cross Pollination involves two flowers and their respective male and female parts ( stamen and the stigma) of the two flowers From the flower, the pollinator (e.g. A bee) uses a method called sonication or buzz pollination to release the pollen. sonication pollination They do this by grabbing a flower and vibrating rapidly through their movement of flight, which soon causes the pollen to dislodge and then stick to the pollinator , who then drops them in another plant which has female parts It is at this instance that cross-pollination occurs cross(Besides bees, pollination can also occur through wind ( anemophily) or water (hydrophily) but the plants which uses (hydrophily) these methods have special adaptions. adaptions.
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Fun Facts
Did you know? Insects, such as the bee aid the plant in the process process of cross-pollination? Out of all the insects , the bee in particular, crossworks the hardest ,spending hours on end of moving from flower to to flower. So the next time you see a bee, re-consider before trying to reend its small yet significant life. Without our little insect friends, we may not even be able to reap the benefits of fruits ! So remember we owe them that much!
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Conclusions
In the world, there are many pros and cons to things, such as asexual and sexual reproduction in plants. There is no perfect way to reproduce, but there are perfect various ways to. With this, we can all look out and see the beauty of the life, and appreciate what we have in the world today, from the trees that grace the earth to the litthle insects that help pollinate the plants to give us fruits.
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CREDITS
http://www.germes-online.com/catalog/2/134/86592/sell_raw_peanuts_in_shell.html http://www.germeshttp://www.germes-online.com/catalog/2/161/158660/sell_green_soybeans.html http://www.germeshttp://www.biology.iastate.edu/intop/1Australia/Australia%20papers/Discoveries%20about http://www.biology.iastate.edu/intop/1Australia/Australia%20papers/Discoveries%20about %20Marsupial%20Rep http://proxy.arts.uci.edu/~nideffer/Hawking/early_proto/orgel.html http://proxy.arts.uci.edu/~nideffer/Hawking/early_proto/orgel.html http://blogs.theage.com.au/schembri/bee.jpg http://www.quizilla.com/user/MiniSorceressEvil26/friends/ http://wikipedia.org/ http://wikipedia.org/
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