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~ INCH-POUND [ MIL-STD-2189(SH ) SECTION200-1 8 ~Uly 1388

MILITARY STANDARD DESIGN KETHODSFOR IJAVALSHIPBOARDSYSTEMS SECTION 200-1 FUEL REQUIREMENTS CALCULATION OF SURFACESHIP ENDURANCE

FSC 1990 DISTRIBUTION TATEMENTA. Approvedfor publicrelease;distribution unlimited. S is

AMSC N/A

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MIL-STD-2189(SHI SECTION200-1 8 ih.i~y 1988

DEPARTMENT TIHE OF INAVY NtiVAL SEA SYSTEMSICOMPWII Washimgtdn, DC 20362-,5101

DesignMethodsflor Naval Shipboard Systems Calculation of%mface Ship EndwamceFuelRequirements StandardLS approvedfor use by the Naval Sea Systems 1. Thisliilitary Command,Department the Navy,iand$s availablefor use by all Departments of and Agencies the of Department Defense. of J3eneficial comments(recommendations,, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of us{~in improving this documentshouldbe NavalSea SystemsCommand,SEA 5523, Department of addressed to: Commander,, the Navy,Washington, 20362-5101 using the self-addressedtandardizaWC by S tion DocumentImprovement Pro,,posa.l (DD FormlU 26) appearingat the end of this documentw by letter.
2.

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MIL-STD-2189(SH) SECTION200-1 8 July 1988

FOREUORD !3KQ!E2 The purposeof this standardis to set forthdesignmethodsfor shipboard components systemsas designated the title. or in .

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MIL-STD-2189(SH) SECTION200-1 8 July 1988

GENERALAND SCOPE

1.1 General. The procedures established MIL-STD-2189 by are applias cable. This sectionand the basic standardare to be considered an integral singledocument.

1.2 Scope. This standardcontainsthe requirements for determining the minimumnecessary fuel tankagefor conventionallyoweredsteam,diesel,or p gas turbineshipsor craft of the U.S. Navy. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Not applicable. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Endurance. Enduranceis the theoretical distancewhicha ship can travelutilizing all of its burnablefuel (excluding cargo),at a specified speed,underambientair and seawaterconditions, deep water,at full load in displacement. power is the shaft 3.2 Designendurancepower. Designendurance horsepower the specifiedendurancespeed,as indicated the latest at by available speed-power curve applicable the ship or craft. This curvemay to be eitherone preparedin the early designstagesand basedon predicted performance the ship or craft,or one basedon actualself-propelledodel of m basin test results. It normallyincludesa correlation allowance(ACf) of 0.0005,which represents the equivalent freshlyappliedvinyl painton of surfaceships. While the 0.0005value is a reasonable approximation or the f majorityof endurance calculations, this factoris not a constant, applicable to all designs. Where a differentcorrelation allowanceis used, a correction is appliedto allow for the differentroughness. An accepted methodfor determining this correction shown on figure 1. is 3.3 Averageendurancepower. Averageendurance power is the design endurance power increased 10 percent. This increaseis an allowancefor by adversesea conditions and averagebottomfoulingover a 2-yearperiod. 3.4 Average2&hour electricload. Average24-hourelectricload is the averageanticipated electricload,withoutgrowth,over a 24-hourperiod,with the ship or craftoperatingat the specifiedendurancespeedunder ambientair and seawaterconditions. all-purpose fuel rate 3.5 Calculated all-purpose fuel rate. Calculated is the specificfuel rate in poundsper shafthorsepower-hour based on the total fuel consumption for propulsion mchinery, ship servicegenerators, and other services, with the ship or craftoperatingat the specified endurance speedunder ambientair and seawaterconditions. PRAIRIEMASKERsystemsare considered operation50 percentof the time for ships so fitted_.For steam in plantsthe calculated all-purpose fuel rate is the figureresulting from the heat balancecalculations.For a dieselor gas turbinepropelled ship or 1

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MI,L-STD-2189:(SH) SECTION,200.-1 8 July 1988

the consumption each serviceseparately of Craft,pt is necessaryto calculate i to arrive at the calculated all-purpose fuel rate. c for use in determining the 3.6 Ambientconditions. Ambient.onditions calculated all-pur,pose fuel rate are 100-degree Fahrenheit( F) temperature and 40-percent relativehumidityof air to the fuel-consuming ervices. s all,3.7 Specifiedfuel rate. Specifiedfuel rate is the calculated purposefuel rate increased a correction by factorto allow a tolerancefor measurement inaccuracy (torsion meter and shaftmodulus)duringship acceptance trials,and for minor machinerydesignchangesmade duringthe construction period. This factor,used as.a multiplier, 1.04 if the is averageendurancepower is one-thtrd less of the rated full power of the or propulsion plant, 1.03 if betweenone-third and two-thirds, and 1.02 if betweentwo-thirds and full power. 3.8 Averageendurancefuel rate. Averageendurancefuel rate is the specified fuel rate increased ~rcent. by This is an additionalincreaseto allowfor plantdeterioration over a 2-yearperiod. 3.9 Endurancefuel (burnabl~. Endurance fuel (burnable) the,actual is fuel, (long)tons, requiredto meet the specified in endurance. 3.1O Tailpipeallowance. Tailpipeallowanceis a factorappliedas a divisorta the endurancefuel (bu:rnable) allow for the unavailable to fuel remaining the tanks but below the tailpipes. If the majorityof tanksare in broadand shallow,the factoris 0.95; if narrowand deep, it is 0.98. 3.11Endurance fuel load. Endurance fuel load is the fuel load in tons obtained dividingthe endurancefuel (burnable) the tailpipeallowance. by by It is the full load of ship~sfuel for which tankagewill be providedto meet the ships endurancerequirement.It does not includethe additional per5 cent in equivalent tank volumewhich is providedto allow for expansionof fuel. For a compensated fuel system,see 4.2. 4. GENERALREQUIREMENTS

4.1 ,Procedure. After calculation the of averageendurancefuel rate, by fue retirements shall be determined the followingformulas: (a) Endurancefuel (burnable), tons . Endurance averaReendurance X power X averageendurancefuel rate Endurance speedX 2240 (b) Endurancefuel load, tons = Endurancefuel (burnable Tailpipeallowance A samplecalculation shownon figure2. is 2

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HIL-STD-2189(SH) SECTION200-1 8 July 1988

4.2 Compensated fuel system expansion allowance. In calculating endurance fuel load for a ship fittedwith a compensated fuel system,an allowance less than 5 percentmay be providedto of allow for expansion of f%el;however,this allowanceshall be determined a case basis. on 5. DETAILEDREQUIREMENTS Not applicable. 6. NOTES 6.I Intendeduse. This standardis intendedto establishthe endurance requirements for Naval ships or craft. 6.2 Subjectterm (key word) listinR. Dieselpowered Energyconsumption Gas turbine Steam powered Preparing activity: Navy - SH (Pro~ect1990-N074)

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MIII;-STD-2189,(SH) SECTION2,0.0-1 8 Jbly 1988.

AWJTIO,NAL 1

EFFECTW ASA FUNCTION ~.t)OO$, w

QFSI+IPS

SPEED.

[{oc of ACf
hwushg

Wislcurve,

ml

, ,,
,, , I: .!~ :, , ,. ,, . 4, 6, 8. 10 12 14 10; 18 ;!0, 2,2 24
!Mps Speed, 2b

J 30,0J
j ,:

..:200) / 1 .-j 100+

t 28, 30 32 34 36, 38 40 42.,

f)

Knots,

the added effectivehorsepower(EHP) Samplecalculation: Td find, requiredfor a guidedmissile c,ruiserCC) at 30 knotswhen increasing ( ACffrom 0.0006 to 0.0008. The wettedsurfaceof the C(2is 32,000squarefeet. From the knots. curve AEHP = 236 at ,30 Then, added EHP (at 30 knots) = (236)X w . x :::;;~s!

= (236)X (2) X (3.2) = 1510horsepower, answer. Caution: Note that this curve gives the additional EHP required. To obtain the requiredadditional SHP, the resultmust be dividedby propulsion coefficient speed in question. at Symbolsused above: ACf ARf P s= v= = = Correlation allowance, treatedas an increasein the coefficient frictional of drag. Increased frictional drag, pounds2 Densityof seawater, poun -second per foot4 3 (= 1.9905slugs per foot at 59 F). Wetted surfacearea of ship, squarefeet Speed of ship, feet per second.

to FIGURE 1. Calculation correctfor changesin wettedsurfaceroughness. .4

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MIL-sTD-2189(SH) SECTION200-1 8 July 1988

0ss

I gn by &S!!!M2 Steam Diesel or gas turbine

Prepared

Checked by

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Endurance required, Endurance speed,

nautical tons

miles

knots

3,000 15 3,000 50,000 3,000 3,000X 1.10=3,300 150X

1,200 6 400 700 150 1.10= 165

Full load displacement, Rated full pouar, S&P

Oaslgn endurance pouer at (2) and (3), SHP Average endurance SW: (5) )C1.10 Ratio, average to rated full power, power

endurance pouer:

(8)

(6)/(4) Average endurance, brake horsepower (&lP): (6)/transmission efficiency electric (kW) Average 24-hour load, kilouatts

0.066

0.24

. 5m -

165/0.95 30 0.479

= 174

(9) ( 10) (11)

CaIculatad propulsion fuel rate at (8), lb/(8HP-hr) Calculated

consumption,

propulsion

fuel generator fuel fuel . 0.690X 15.0 30=20.7 (heating) 0.690 0.479X 174 = 83.3

pounds/hour:

(10) (12) (13)

X (8)

Calculated ship service rate at (9), lb/(kW-hr)

Calculated ship service generator consumption, pounds/hour: (12) x (9) fuel consumption services, pounds/hour all-purpose pounds/hour: fuel or fuel (11) + Calculated for other Total (13)

(14) (15)

---

calculated + (14)

consumption, (16)

rate. 1.00 based 1.04 rate, fuel lb/(SHP-hr): 1.00X rate,

1.04X 1.05= 1.09

83.3+20.7+15.0

= 119.C

Calculated all-purpose lb/(SHP-hr): (15)/(6) heat balance Fuel

119.0/165 1.04 1.04 0.721

= 0.721

(17) (18) (19)

rate correction factor

on (7). Specified fuel (16) X (17) lb/(SHP-hr):

1.04=

X 1.04 = 0.750

Average endurance (18)

X 1.05
0.750X 1:05 =0.788

FIGURE2. Samplesurfaceship endurancecalculation. 5

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MIL-sTD-2189(SH) sEcT,roN2oo-l .8Jll&y 1988

,,,.

Steam (burnable).,, 50M,:

Diesel

or

gastucbine

(20)

Endurance Wail {!)

X ,{6) X

[1,9)/[(2)

X224QI

;3,,000X

3,300

x 1.09=

~21

l;20cx

.I65XO.788 6
X

= ~1 ~

:15 x.224O

2240

C2t)Tai!,pl,pe allowance ~ector

(22) En,durancefuel ;(2Q)L421) %Meren,ces for souccedat@;
load, tons:

,,.

0:98
328

*95 = 1202

321/0;98=

11..610;95

Design enduraoce,power Trv3nsmission. #L~ iclency Calculated Calculated Calculated propulsion

ship service

fuei rate
Qenwoto-1 rate

fuel

consumption consumption

for

PRAIRIE MASKER services

Calc,ulated fuel Heat balance %il

ford ther

load displacement

FIGU,RE,2, Sample surfaceship endurancecal-culaEion. -,Continued

*U9.GOVERNMENT

rRINTINGO FFICE:J988

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~. S?ANDAR!XZATION
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Calculation Surface of ShipEndurance FuelRequirements

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