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20 Changes
This document describes the use of the new features incorporated into CAESAR II Version 5.20. Where data input fields are involved it is suggested that the on-line help also be referenced.
For details on the input fields in the figure above, please consult the help text.
To utilize this optimization wizard, the job must be run at least once (so that there is an issue, such as an overstress, to resolve), plus no changes can have been made subsequently (in other words, the results to be optimized must be current). The process can be illustrated by the provided example LOOPWIZARD.C2, as described below. Reviewing the results of the LOOP-WIZARD job shows that it is suffering an expansion overstress of 46,741 psi vs. an allowable of 41,288 psi at node 20. We may postulate that this is due to the expansion of the long run 60-140, and that a loop should be installed somewhere along that run. The question is where, and how big should it be?
Prior to invoking the Loop Optimizer it may be a good idea to examine the area of the plant surrounding the piping system. This can be done by importing the CADWorx (or AutoCAD) plant model, using the icon. In this case, the model ..\EXAMPLES\LOOP-WIZARD-PLANT\OVERALL.DWG should be imported it shows that there is a convenient area to place a loop beside element 60-70.
This element should be selected, and then the optimizer wizard invoked from either the Model menu or from the toolbar by clicking below. . This button brings up the Optimizer Dialog as shown in the figure
Additional information must be defined for the Optimization Wizard as follows: 1) Loop 60-70 is already indicated as the element upon which the loop will be installed it may be changed from the drop list, or by selecting other elements graphically. 2) Designate the Optimization type (Stress, in this case). Optionally, restraint load components may be optimized as well. 3) Select the load case to be optimized (Expansion for this example). This fills in the element list (showing stresses) on the left of the dialog. 4) Define a target maximum stress. This value refines the element list, showing only those elements with stress levels higher than the target. For this example, we may wish to optimize the stress level to 36,000 psi. 5) From this reduced element list, click on the node/element combination whose stress should be optimized to that level. Alternatively, clicking the Max Stress box limits the maximum stress in the system to the target value. That is what should be done in this example. 6) Select the loop type from the available icons. In this example the 1 loop type loop installed at From-end of element is selected.
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7) Select the Height to Width ratio. Standard ratios such as 2.0, 1.0, or 0.5 may be selected. Or the loop height may be allowed to vary to any size (while keeping the width constant) by picking the <none> option (in this case, the terminal run of pipe will be set to one bend radius, with the loop width fixed to the remaining length of element 60-70). This is what should be selected for this example>
At this point there are two alternatives to indicating where the loop should be placed. 8a) Based on the loop type selected, the loop direction (or directions) should be defined next. The major direction is the direction off of the element where the loop is to be inserted. The minor direction (if necessary) is perpendicular to the major direction and is used to indicate the second direction of the 2-D loop types. 8b) Click on the Draw Cube button. This will generate a transparent cube anchored on the selected element. The mouse can be used to adjust the size and location of this cube. Using the corner points (Pt1 or Pt2) adjusts the major direction of the loop and available space. Using the triangle adjusts the minor axis of the loop and available space. This cube should be dragged
over the decking adjacent to element 60-70, to build a cube with a Major dimension of 17 ft 11 inches in the X direction.
The completed dialog for methods 5b is shown in the figure below. Once the dialog is completed, the [Design] button can be clicked to invoke the optimization procedure. The progress of the design scheme is shown in a monitor window. Once the appropriate loop has been designed, the user is informed of how much pipe and how many bends were required to create the loop. By using the undo button , followed by subsequent invocations of the Loop Wizard using different loop types, this information can be used to find the most economical implementation.
When the optimizer finishes, the new expansion loop is inserted into the selected element as shown in the figure below.
A final analysis should be run to verify all results. Note that there are instances where the optimizer will report an error. Examples of such situations are: (a) requesting a loop insertion in an element that is not long enough, or (b) setting an impossible target maximum. There is one other control on the Loop Optimization Wizard dialog that deserves special note -- the special loop type indicated on the dialog by the lightning bolt. (This is shown circled in the image below.)
Selecting this loop type permits CAESAR II to pick the best loop to reach the indicated target. The best characteristic of each loop is based on the relative cost of bends to straight pipe. When this loop type is selected, the bend cost factor edit box is activated. The default value of 100 indicates that a bend costs 100 times as much as the equivalent length of straight pipe. This value can be adjusted as necessary.
Details on each input field can be found in the on-line help text. Once this data is defined, the American Lifelines Alliance method is used to determine the stiffness of the soil restraints added to the buried model.
Selecting a particular Wind Code changes the right half of the dialog to present the necessary input fields for the activated Code, as shown in the figure below for EN-2005.
After defining the appropriate values petaining to the selected Seismic Code, clicking the [Ok] button computes the G factor, sets the uniform load fields to Gs, and then defines the G factors on the uniform load grid.
2) Valve Selection
3) Inserted Valve
After defining the necessary data, clicking on the [Generate Specturm] button will create the spectrum, as shown below.
This spectrum and its associated data are also linked with the remainder of the dynamic input stream.
Selecting an insulation name (or a refractory name) automatically fills in the numeric density value. For bends, additional standard radii names have been incorporated. Selecting any of these bend types will result in the corresponding radius computed and used durning Error Checking.
Select File / Open from the Main Menu, then click on the desired job. Once a job has been selected, if there are earlier revisions available, they are listed in the lower right corner of the dialog. (Only 25 revisions are saved, with the oldest being deleted if necessary.)
To revert to an earlier revision, select the desired input from the list, based on the date stamp.
Clicking on [Open] brings up a confirmation dialog. Clicking [Yes] here restores the selected revision.
This selection invokes the default e-mail client and populates an e-mail with the information shown in the figure below. Note, your information will vary.
Note that the e-mail is properly addressed to COADE Technical Support and contains all information relevant to your CAESAR II installation. All you need to do is type your problem description (at the top where it says <type message here>, and attach any necessary files.