modern techniques of management

lennon Simpson is a graduate of Hendrix College where he received his B.A. in philosophy. His articles on politics and current events have appeared in "The Profile." He also volunteers for after-school creative writing clubs in local high schools where he teaches writing to at-risk youth. Simpson began his professional writing career in 2008 as a poet in Central Arkansas. By Lennon Simpson, eHow Contributor

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Management strategies and techniques change over time largely because businesses themselves and the societies that they operate in change as well. What was considered a good management technique years ago may be considered a poor or even counterproductive management technique today. Fortunately for managers and students of management, new styles of management are analyzed and experimented with in great detail. Following are three modern management techniques that are currently being used successfully.

Six Sigma
Perhaps the most notable modern management method, Six Sigma is based around the idea of reducing defects to a low statistical level. This results in cost savings by reducing waste. Users of Six Sigma strive for manufacturing nearperfection---only 3.4 defects per million. Rather than relying on simply meeting quality standards, Six Sigma pushes companies to increase their quality standards to a higher level.
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Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management is much like Six Sigma in that it seeks to lower costs by lowering the rate of defects. However, Total Quality Management is geared more as an overarching business plan that relies on adhering to internal quality controls across multiple departments, whereas Six Sigma is more about applying external standards on a single process. Total Quality Management also encourages an increased cooperation among separate departments.
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Knowledge Management

Knowledge management can be applied to any sort of business project that requires the involvement of more than one person or department. The idea is that knowledge generated by separate teams or divisions working on the same project may not be useful to that specific team, but will ease the work of other teams. A separate team or individual is responsible for gathering the information and knowledge of these teams and parsing it into a general repository, such as an email list or a message board.
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Good Management Techniques

Victoria Duff specializes in entrepreneurial subjects, drawing on her experience as an acclaimed start-up facilitator, venture catalyst and investor relations manager. Since 1995 she has written many articles for e-zines and was a regular columnist for "Digital Coast Reporter" and "Developments Magazine." She holds a Bachelor of Arts in public administration from the University of California at Berkeley. By Victoria Duff, eHow Contributor

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Thousands of books have been written on the subject of good management technique. Some encourage a soft empathetic approach while others tout the hard-driving task master with only an eye to the bottom line. There is nothing wrong with demanding excellence, but the secret to making any management style work is to remember the Golden Rule of "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." Nobody wants to work for a monster, and nobody wants to work for a marshmallow. There is a middle way.

Listen Carefully
The first step in improving your management technique is to realize that you must listen carefully to both your executive management--or if you are the boss, your industry trends and issues--and your employees or team members. Your job as
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manager is to translate the company goals and direction to your employees and to produce toward those goals. Often the instructions from above are inadequate or confusing so your skill in listening to find the important points and pass them on in a relevant and understandable manner to your team is the beginning of successful management. Assessing whether your team understands what you and the company want is the other vital component of successful management. To do this you must listen carefully to your employees feedback to you as well as what they don't say. Lack of feedback can indicate a complete disconnect in understanding and acceptance, so your listening skills must incorporate attention to body language and make use of your own intuitive feelings about the employee's level of understanding. Never assume that no questions means everyone understands.

Inspire Your Team

A good manager is like an athletic coach. Yes, good locker room sessions go a long way toward inspiring your team to work for you, but those sessions must be matched with your own sterling example of good work ethic, fairness and openness. Take time to monitor your team's performance by checking in with each employee, a few each day, every day. Praise them, warn them, cajole them, but make sure they know you are working with them. If they feel your muscle helping the team move the project forward they will not reserve their own efforts.
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Everyone's Need to Know

Do you like to work in an information vacuum where you don't know why you are doing what you are doing or where your efforts fit into the short term goals and the overall direction of the company? So many managers expect their employees to just work like unthinking cogs on the corporate gears, and they wonder why they have such trouble motivating their staffs. Transparency is a great motivator. Human nature wants to understand the project and company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. So including a little broad-based enterprise or project SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) on a regular basis with your entire team keeps everyone feeling that they understand why they are doing what they are doing and how they need to perform to be valued by management as well as within their peer group.
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Accountability
Listening to your employees, inspiring your team and conducting an open two-way transparent working relationship with them is not all you must incorporate into your management style. If you do not hold your employees accountable for their own performance, you will lose all control because you will be known as a nice person but will not be respected as the leader to follow. If you abdicate your responsibility to be demanding of high performance quality from all your employees, those who do produce will resent the slackers and will cease their efforts to excel. A good way to hold each employee accountable is to do a personal SWOT analysis as part of his or her regular performance review. The SWOT analysis structure gives you the opportunity to praise good work while alerting the employee to elements of their behavior that displease you. It also allows you to warn them that their performance failures can pose a threat to their employment. Giving an employee a
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negative review is never easy so it is always a good idea to use a structured format for evaluations. Above all, make sure you reward responsibility with trust. Personal responsibility should always come with a measure of authority to make decisions. By listening and being open and responsive to your employees, you are trying to build their trust and loyalty to you. Trust and loyalty are why they work hard to support your efforts and make you look good to your bosses. While they may trust you, they will never be loyal to you until they feel you trust them

Management Techniques in Business

Each specific style of business management has its share of attributes and problems.
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A manager can use several different management techniques to take charge of his department or business. The management technique a person uses can be a reflection of his own personality or it could be adopted from experiences he has had as an employee. Each specific style of business management has its share of attributes and problems.

Autocratic Technique
An autocrat is a ruler of unlimited power and authority. An autocratic management technique is used by a manager who likes to make all of the decisions and have absolute control over her employees. She likes to give orders swiftly and have them carried out swiftly. Her technique is to control workers to achieve maximum efficiency and productivity. She is not interested in listening to employee feedback. An autocratic management technique can rub a lot of employees the wrong way, but it can also be effective in a large company with unskilled workers, or when a business is in crisis and decisions need to be made fast.
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Paternalistic Technique
A paternalistic management technique is most concerned with the social element of the business. He is concerned about how his employees feel about work and other issues and will always consider their views when making decisions. He has no trouble making final decisions, but will consult with his employees regularly and do what is best for everyone. A paternalistic management technique can slow down overall decision making, and may not be the best style for a fast-paced environment.
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Democratic Technique

A manager who uses a democratic management technique tries to instill trust in her employees. She wants them to make decisions and to empower them by giving them some authority. She will show good communication skills and listen to advice and ideas from her employees. A democratic management style can result in slower decision making and more mistakes because the employees trusted with making decisions aren't always skilled enough to do it right.
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Hybrid Technique
A superior manager will recognize that every employee is different and that one specific management technique will not be successful for everyone. He will develop a hybrid of all three management techniques that takes into consideration each employee's individual learning style and personality. This type of management technique can be challenging when working with larger groups of employees, but with patience, will ultimately get the most out of each one.
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Types of Management Techniques

Arnold Anderson began writing professionally in 1985. His publishing credits include a weekly column in the "Lockport Union Sun and Journal" along with the "Spectrum," the "Niagara Falls Gazette," "Tonawanda News," "Watertown Daily News" and the "Buffalo News." Anderson has a Bachelor of Arts in English from the State University of New York, Buffalo. By Arnold Anderson, eHow Contributor

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There are many different ways to manage

employees.
A manager needs to understand how to deal with employees and have several different types of management techniques to draw from for a variety of situations. Having an understanding of different management techniques allows a manager to maintain a productive workplace, and it also helps in team building and persuading employees to work effectively together.

Delegating Responsibility
An employee is hired because the company feels that he possesses the skills necessary to do the job. A good manager knows the abilities of the people that work
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for him, and is confident in delegating responsibility to those employees. Delegating responsibility has several positive effects on employees. The employees feel that their manager has confidence in their abilities, and have a sense of satisfaction in their work when they are allowed to do the tasks for which they were hired. They feel that they have a part in the success of the company.

Honesty
According to Entrepreneur magazine, one effective management technique is maintaining honest communication with employees. In order to feel confident in following a manager, employees must be able to trust that what the manager says is truthful. By maintaining honesty in communication, a manager can strengthen the respect his employees feel for him.
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Motivation
One of the techniques that a manager should employ on a regular basis is motivation. In order to understand what motivates employees, a manager must spend time working side-by-side with employees and finding the things that they consider to be important. Some motivating factors for employees include paid time off, a higher income and a feeling of being respected by the company and their manager for the job they do.
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Coaching
Some managers prefer to act as a coach to their employee, and create an atmosphere of teaching and counseling rather than simply being a manager who gives orders. A manager who acts as a coach tends to get more involved in the development of his employees, and he takes a hands-on approach to helping the employee accomplish her goals.
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Leading by Example
Leading by example can be an effective management technique. In order to lead by example, a manager needs to get employees involved in daily activities and allow the staff to see him hard at work. Rather than sitting in an office sending out instructions, the manager is working along with the employees helping the department to reach its goals. Employees who see their manager hard at work are

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Modern SSSSManagement Accounting Techniques

Management accounting is used to help managers make solid business decisions. Managerial accounting is an inward-focused process that delivers factual financial and

operational data to line managers.The strategies are usually forward-looking and kept confidential, rather than being publicly reported.

Managerial Accounting
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants says, "Management Accounting is the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its Resource (economics)resources". The idea is to examine the accounting data to determine if the organization is using its resources efficiently, operating at optimum capacity and staying within the assigned budget. There are circumstances where decreasing production can increase net profit. In other circumstances, the same data can be used to determine if a product is better off made or purchased outside of the company.
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Budgeting
Management accounting budgets for upcoming production runs and manufacturing operations. Although management accounting can be used for other industries, it is used most often within a production-focused and quantifiable setting. The budgeting process looks at past production figures, raw material costs, labor costs and the average labor hours used to perform certain tasks and processes. The budget is then used as a measurement tool and guide to make certain a project stays on budget. Variance analysis is used to ensure adherence to the budget and provide the data necessary to correct any possible variances.
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Variance Analysis
Variance analysis calculates variances in either direction, over or under, an established level of production, cost or labor hours. If a company has budgeted the use of 5 units of raw material per finished unit and the manufacturing process uses 5 1/2 units, then there is a negative variance of 1/2 unit. This process can determine variances within raw material consumption, labor hours, cash used in production and several other performance and input numbers. These variances can help a manager determine where to focus on making changes within the production process.
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