SMOKE

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SMOKE
Smoke Control in Buildings and Stairwell Pessurization.

SMOKE is a DOS program for calculating the air flows and pressure differences throughout a building in which a smoke control system is in operation. The program was obtained from the National Technical Information Service in the U.S.A. and is described in the ASHRAE publication "Design of Smoke Control Systems for Buildings" written by John H. Klote and John W. Fothergill Jnr. It is an extension of an earlier program written by John Klote specifically for the analysis of pressurized stairwells and elevators. The extensions include: Stairwells with vestibules Elevators with elevator lobbies Zoned smoke control systems Pressurised corridors The program is not WINDOWS based, ACADS-BSG has added a screen based, menu driven data entry module with detailed help panels to make the input of data to the program easier.

Although largely superseded by CFD programs, it is still a useful program for carrying out a simple analysis. It is very dependent on the users assessment of air leakage between spaces. METHODOLOGY The program models a building as a network of spaces as compartments, each at a specific temperature or pressure. The stairwells, elevators and other shafts are modelled as a series of vertical spaces, one for each floor. Air flows through leakage paths from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure. These leakage paths are doors and windows that may be modelled as being open or closed. Leakage can also occurr through partitions, floors, exterior walls and roofs. In the model, air from outside the building can be introduced by the pressurization system into any level of a shaft or even into other building spaces. This allows the simulation of stairwell, elevator shaft and stairwell vestibule pressurization, and pressurization of any other building space. In addition, any building space can be exhausted. The pressures throughout the building and flow rates through all the flow paths are obtained by solving the airflow network, including the driving forces such as wind, the pressurization system, or an inside to outside temperature difference.

http://members.ozemail.com.au/~acadsbsg/software/SMOKE.htm

9/20/2011

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Typical Input for Shafts (Stairwells)

Typical Input for Compartments showing Connections

FLOOR COMP PRESS

TEMP FIXED CONNECTION TO PROFILE FLOW Stairwell. Elevator OUTSIDE DIRECTION 1

ADJUST DIFF FLOW PRESS COEFF 1.6 264.9 10.1 558.6 -8.2 942.2

FLOW FLOW AREA 3230 334.8 .6700 1776.6 1.1300 2698.7

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9/20/2011

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1 2

1 1

773.1 727.3

1 1

0 0

682.2

637.2

FLOOR 2 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 3 COMPARTMENT 1 Stairwell. Elevator OUTSIDE DIRECTION 1 FLOOR 4 COMPARTMENT FLOOR 2 COMPARTMENT 1 Stairwell Elevator OUTSIDE DIRECTION 1 FLOOR 5 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 3 COMPARTMENT 1 Stairwell Elevator OUTSIDE DIRECTION 1

.7 1.2 2.4 9.4 -6.1 1.4 -1.2 2.7 8.2 -4.9 1.4 -1.4 2.8 6.8 -4.1

708.7 708.7 264.9 558.6 942.2 708.7 708.7 264.9 558.6 942.2 708.7 708.7 264.9 558.6 942.2

.8500 587.1 .8500 786.0 3230 411.9 .6700 1714.8 1.1300 2325.7 .8500 1838.7 .8500 -786.0 .3230 434.8 .6700 598.6 1.1300 2086.4 .8500 842.9 .8500 -838.7 .3230 443.2 .6700 1455.2 1.1300 1902.8

Typical Results - Pressure Differential and Flows for Stairwell

FLOOR PRESSURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 774.7 729.8 684.9 640.0 595.1 550.2 505.4 460.6 415.8 371.0 326.3

Fixed Floor 490 490 490 490 490 490 490 490 490 490 490

CONNECTION TO

FLOOR 1 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 2 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 3 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 4 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 5 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 6 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 7 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 8 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 9 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 10 COMPARTMENT -4.2 1 FLOOR 11 COMPARTMENT -4.1 1 FLOOR 12 COMPARTMENT

Diff Press -1.6 -2.4 -2.7 -2.8 -2.9 -3.0 -3.2 -3.5 -3.8

Flow Coeff 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9 264.9

Flow Area .3230 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230

Flow -334.8 -411.9 -434.8 -443.2 -450.3 -460.1 -474.1 -492.9 -517.1

264.9 3230 -541.8 264.9 3230 -535.3

http://members.ozemail.com.au/~acadsbsg/software/SMOKE.htm

9/20/2011

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12 13 14 15

281.5 236.8 192.1 147.5

490 490 490 490

1 FLOOR 13 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 14 COMPARTMENT 1 FLOOR 15 COMPARTMENT 1

-4.1 -4.2 -4.5 -5.4

264.9 3230 -535.1 264.9 3230 -542.0 264.9 3230 -562.4 264.9 3230 -614.2

Typical Results - Pressure Differential and Flows for Stairwell

http://members.ozemail.com.au/~acadsbsg/software/SMOKE.htm

9/20/2011