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My simplified method for calculating the overall efficiency of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) is indeed an approximation: OE = (GT x GTE + ST x BLE x STE) x ME x GE where OE = overall efficiency GT = fraction of energy output to GT GTE = gas turbine efficiency (to account for heat losses from GT engine) ST= 1 GT = fraction of energy output to ST BLE = heat recovery steam generator (boiler) efficiency (to account for heat losses from boiler) STE = steam turbine efficiency (to account for heat loss from steam turbine) ME = mechanical efficiency (to account for shaft work losses) GE = generator efficiency (to account for generator losses) Alternatively, a more detailed and rigorous determination of overall efficiency will partake of the form: Total Input = Total Output where total energy input = Mf x GHVf + enthalpy of all incoming streams relative to 25 deg Celsius (air, fuel, water) + Pinput Mf = mass flow rate of fuel, kg/s GHVf = gross heating value of fuel, kJ/kg enthalpy of any stream = Ms x CPs x (Ts 25) Ms = mass flow rate of any stream (air, fuel, water) CPs = specific heat of any stream, kJ/(kg deg Celsius) Ts = inlet temperature of any stream (fuel, air, cooling water), deg Celsius Pinput = power input (parasitic load), kW total energy output = Pgross + Total Losses Pgross = gross power output of the generator, kW Total Losses = Surface Losses + Friction Losses + Sensible Heat Losses + Latent Heat Losses + Cooling Water Losses Surface Losses = conduction + convection + radiation Friction Losses = bearings + shafts + clutch losses + windage losses Sensible Heat Losses = flue gas flowrate x specific heat of flue gas x (Tfg 25) flue gas flow rate = CO2 + H2O + SO2 + NO2 + CO + O2 + N2 + moisture + ash, kg/s specific heat of flue gas component, kJ / (kg deg Celsius) Tfg = flue gas exit temperature, deg Celsius Latent Heat Losses = heat of evaporation of moisture and water formed from combustion of hydrogen, kJ/s = mass (moisture in fuel + moisture in combustion air + water from combustion of hydrogen) x latent heat of evaporation of water mass = kg/s Latent heat = kJ/kg

Cooling Water Losses = Mw x CPw x (Tw 25) Mw = cooling water flow rate, kg/s CPw = specific heat of water, kJ/(kg deg Celsius) Tw = exit temperature of cooling water Simplifying, we get the losses by difference (heat loss method): Total Losses = Total Input Pgross = total energy input gross electrical output at generator terminals The percentage total losses is thus % Total Losses = (Total Losses / Total Input) x 100% The overall gross energy efficiency is therefore % overall gross energy efficiency = 100% % Total Losses The above derivation is based on the gross heating value (gross calorific value) of the fuel with water in the flue gas in liquid form, hence, the need for the latent heat of evaporation correction. The overall efficiency is called overall gross efficiency (based on GHV or GCV of fuel). Alternatively, if the lower heating value (net calorific value) of the fuel is used, then water would be in vapor form in the flue gas. There would be no need, however, for the latent heat of evaporation correction. In this case, the overall efficiency is called overall net efficiency (based on LHV or NCV of fuel). Lastly, the power is expressed as net exportable power (Pgross Pinput). Hence, the losses are adjusted as follows: Total Losses (net) = Total Input (Pgross Pinput) The percentage total losses (net) is thus % Total Losses (net) = (Total Losses (net) / Total Input) x 100% The overall net energy efficiency is therefore % overall net energy efficiency = 100% % Total Losses (net)