GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Unit I I. Concept of Guidance: Concept is a wide term and includes. 1.

Studying and analyzing the definitions and meaning of the term. 2. Various notions about its nature and characteristics. 3. How it relates to synonymous terms. II. Some important Definitions: Guidance is a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships, designed to influence the attitudes and subsequent behavior of a person. J.M Brewer: has emphasized Guidance is a process through which an individual is able to solve his problems and pursue a path suitable to his abilities and aspirations. -Good Guidance is a process of helping every individual through his own efforts, to discover and develop his potentialities for his personal happiness and social usefulness. -Ruthstrang Guidance is a continuous process of helping the individual development to the maximum of his capacity in the direction most beneficial to himself and society. -Stoops III. Principles of Guidance: Gilbert Wren and will is Dugan have given the following as some of the specific principles of Guidance. 1. 2. 3. 4. Guidance is concerned with the whole student not with his intellectual life alone. Guidance is concerned with all students, not only with special or problem students. Guidance is concerned primarily with prevention rather than cure. Guidance is more than just the activity of a specialist; it involves the whole school staff.

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5. 6. 7. 8.

Guidance is the concerned with the choices and decisions to be made by the student. Guidance is concerned with developing students self understanding and self determination. Guidance is a counsel-not Compulsion. Guidance is a continuous progress throughout the school life of each student.

IV. Need for Guidance: Guidance and counseling service are becoming more and more important as the society and its various institutions are growing in complexity. The society and all its institutions are built of bricks. Strength and solidarity of the society and its institution are, therefore, contingent upon the strength of these individual units, strength and solidarity of these individual units constitutes the foundation of a strong nation. The following are the major considerations for the needs of guidance service. 1. The total development of a student. 2. Proper choice of courses. 3. Proper choice of careers and profession. 4. Vocational development. 5. Development of readiness for choices and change to face new challenges. 6. Minimizing the mismatching between Education and employment and help in the efficient use of manpower. 7. Motivating the youth for self employment. 8. Helping fresher to establish proper identity. 9. Identifying and motivating the students from weaker section of society. 10. 11. 12. Helping the students in their period of turmoil and confusion. Checking wastage and stagnation in Education. Identifying and helping students in need of special help.

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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. V.

Ensuring

proper

utilization

of

time

spent

outside

the

classrooms. Tackling problems of student explosion. Check migration. Fulfilling the deficiencies of home. Checking incidence of indiscipline. Need in developing economy. Quantitative and qualitative improvement of Education. National development, and. Fulfillment of the Extra-instructional needs of pupils. Guidance is personal assistance. Its purpose is to

Nature of Guidance: i. Assistance:

render personal help on assistance to individual, who might be of any age. ii. Expert service: Every one cannot provide guidance. It is the work of competent and expert persons. iii. A Process: It helps every individual to help himself, to recognize and use his inner resources to set goals, to make plans, to work out his, own problems of development. iv. Continuous process: It is needed right from early childhood, adolescence, adulthood and even in old age. v. Focus on individual: Guidance focuses our attention on the individual and not the problem. vi. Discovery of abilities: Guidance leads to the discovery of abilities and potentialities of an individual. vii. Self direction: Guidance leads to self development and self direction. direction. VI. Scope of Guidance: It is extremely comprehensive: As the life is getting complex day by day, the problems for which expert helps is required are increasing proportionate. The scope of guidance per necessity is extending horizontally to much of the social context; to matters of prestige in occupation, to the broad field of social trends and economic development. It aims at developing in the individual, the capacity for self

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Proctors views: Proctor includes six types of guidance in the scope of guidance. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. Educational guidance Vocational guidance Guidance in social and civil activities. Guidance in health and physical activities. Guidance in the worthy use of leisure time. Guidance in character building activities. Religious guidance. Guidance for home relationship. Guidance for citizenship. Guidance in right doing. Guidance in thoughtfulness and co-operation.

While Brewer adds the following guidance services in this list.

Kothari Commissions View: Guidance services have a much wider scope and function than merely that of assisting students in making educational and vocational choices. The aims of Guidance are both adjectives and development; it helps the student in making the best possible adjustment to the situations in the educational institutions and in the home. should be regarded as an integral part of Education. Crow and crows view: Guidance touches every aspect of an individual personalityphysical, mental, emotional and social. It is concerned with an individuals attitudes and behavior patterns. environmental potentialities. In short educational, vocational, a vocational, Social, Personal, Moral and even marital problems of individual are the concerns of guidance. The scope is need very vast. VII. Objectives of Guidance: 1. Educational 2. Vocational It seeks to help the individual to integrate all of these activities in terms of basic potentialities and Guidance, therefore,

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3. Personal 4. Leisure time. Objectives of Educational Guidance: 1. To help the child select curriculum that best fits, his abilities, interests and future needs. 2. To develop among the students, work and study habits that enable him to achieve satisfactory success in his studies. 3. To help the child gain some experience in learning areas outside the particular field of his special interests and talents. 4. To help him adjust to the curriculum and the life of the school. 5. To help him understand the purpose and functions of the school in relation to his needs. Objectives of vocational guidance: 1. To help a pupil to acquire knowledge of the functions duties, responsibilities, and rewards of occupation, that lies with in the range of his choice. 2. To assist a pupil to discover his own abilities and skills and to fit them into the general requirements of the occupation under consideration. 3. To assist the child to think critically about various types of occupation and to learn a technique for analyzing information about vocations. 4. To give him assistance to secure the necessary information about the facilities offered by various educational institutions engaged in vocational training. 5. To provide him assistance during school years so that the individual will be able to adjust to the job / work conditions and to other workers. Objectives of personal guidance: 1. To help the pupil to benefit by the practice of emotion control. 2. To assist the pupil to become accustomed to being teased. 3. To help the pupil to realize that it is natural to experience periods of turmoil.

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4. To help the learner to enter into mental activity with renewed interest and vigor as he gains maturity. 5. To encourage the pupils to continence the health, safety, and physical education programmes that was started earlier. 6. To assist the pupil to move gradually from dependence on others to independence of judgment and action. 7. To help the pupil to become a good school citizen in his civil and social relationships. 8. To encourage the pupil to take advantage of the friendships that is offered to him. 9. To encourage the pupil to work to the limit of his capacity with full knowledge that he may not be a capable as other pupils. Objectives of Guidance for leisure: 1. To assist the pupils in making leisure time valuable and purposeful. 2. To help the individual to revitalize his physical, emotional, and spiritual strength (energy). 3. To enable him to make sensible choices of using free time. 4. To engage the students in some useful activity for relaxation, diversion or broadening of knowledge. 5. To help the individual satisfy his psychological needs. 6. To inculcate the values of self discipline in the individual. 7. To inculcate leadership qualities like integrity courage, initiative planning etc in the individual. 8. To develop the habit of healthy competition among the students by making they involved in co-curricular activities in their free time. VIII. Types of Guidance: Educational guidance: 1. Provide opportunities to discover own interests, abilities and capacities. 2. Point towards realization of vocational or educational plans.

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3. Furnish information towards further schooling and stimulate towards considering this carefully. Vocational Guidance: 1. Provide knowledge of occupational rewards, conditions of employment opportunities of advancement, requirements for entrance to and success in occupation. 2. Provide opportunities to discover and reveal general and special capacities. 3. Furnish a point of view a method of study of occupations. Leisure on Vocational Guidance: Provide opportunities curricular (or) extra curricular to develop tastes and interests which provide avenues of fields for enjoyment and recreation. Moral or social Guidance: 1. Furnish counsel, example and learning situation to develop right ideal and habits of conduct and living. 2. Furnish opportunities for training which results in information attitude, habits, and abilities which will help them to work and play effectively with other people wherever the situation may be. 3. Furnish training in correct social conventions. Health Guidance: 1. Call attention to infirmities defects or tendencies which can be corrected. 2. Develop interests in health and also strong and healthy bodies. 3. Develop interest, habit and skills in games and other activities which will operate to promote health. 4. Sex education and family life education. Personal Guidance: 1. Provide at the right time, hints (or) suggestion to improve personal appearance. 2. Provide advice and counsel on personal problem.

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3. Provide at the right time the inspiration and encouragement which come from personal interest of an older individual who understands and is interested. Religious guidance. Home relationship guidance. Guidance for citizenship. Guidance for leisure and recreation. Guidance for personal well being. Guidance in Right doing. Guidance in thought fullness and co-operation. Guidance in wholesome and cultural action.

U.S.P COLLEGE OF EDUCATION.

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING