AP Physics C Chapter 2 Notes Alex George Chapter 2 Notes Motion Along a Straight Line One-Dimensional Motion- The basic

sic physics of motion where the object moves along a single axis. Kinematics- The classification and comparison of motions. Motion is restricted in three ways: 1) the motion is along a straight line only. The line may be vertical, horizontal, or slanted, but it must be straight. 2) Forces (pushes and pulls) cause motion. 3) The moving object is either a particle, or it moves like a particle. Position and Displacement The position of an object is found in accordance to a reference point, often the origin (zero point) of the axis. The positive direction is the direction of increasing coordinates while the opposite is the negative direction. = 2 1 A change in position is called displacement . Displacement doesnt necessarily have to have a direction associated with it; a displacement without direction is referred to as the magnitude of the displacement. A Vector Quantity- is a quantity that has both a direction and a magnitude. In displacement, there are two features: 1) its magnitude is the distance between the final and initial positions. 2) Its direction, from the original and final positions, can be represented by a plus or minus sign if the motion is along a single axis. Average Velocity and Average Speed 2 1 Average velocity- the ratio of the displacement that occurs = = 2 1 during a particular time interval to that interval. On a graph of position vs. time, the average velocity is the slope of the straight line that connects two points on the x (t) curve. = Average Speed- is a different way of describing how fast a particle moves. The average speed requires the total distance covered. Since the average speed does not include a direction, it is a scalar quantity. Instantaneous Velocity and Speed Instantaneous Velocity- how fast a particle is moving at a = lim = given instant. The v is the rate at which position x is 0 changing with time at a given instant; that is, v is the derivative of x with respect to t. Also note that v at any instant is the slope of the positiontime curve at the point representing that instant. Speed- the magnitude of velociy tha is, speed is the velocity that has been sripped of any inication of direction, eiether in words or via an algebraic sign.

AP Physics C Chapter 2 Notes Alex George Acceleration 2 1 When a particles velocity changes, the particle is said to = = 2 1 undergo acceleration (or to accelerate). For motion along an axis, the average acceleration over a time interval is shown by the equation to = the right. Where the particle has velocity 1 at time 1 and then velocity 2 at time 2 . Instantaneous acceleration is also shown to the right A common unit of acceleration is the meter per second per second: 2 or . = 0 + If the signs of the velocity and acceleration of a particle are the 1 same, the speed of the particle increases. If the signs are opposite, = 0 + 2 2 the speed decreases. 2 2 = + 2 Constant Acceleration: A Special Case 1 = 2 Assuming that acceleration is constant, the following equations are 2 able to be derived: Free-Fall Acceleration Free fall Acceleration- it is represented by g. The acceleration is independent of the objects characterizes, such as mass, density, or shape; it is the same for all objects. The free fall acceleration near Earths surface is a=-g=-9.8m/s2 and the magnitude of that acceleration is g = 9.8m/s2. We refer the motion to the vertical y axis with +y vertically up; we replace a with g, where g is the magnitude of the free-call acceleration. Near Earths surface, g = 9.8 m/s2 (=32 ft/s2) Graphical Integration of Motion Analysis FINISH AFTER LEARNING DERIVATIVES