1) What disseminators of American popular culture established distribution branches around the world in the second decade of the

twentieth century? (tv, libraries, theatre, film, or radio?) Asia. (677) Hollywood film companies began to set up distribution branches in Australia, Latin America, and

2) Attitude of Western observers towards colonization just before 1914? world. (677)

Widespread Western optimism before 1914 had an international dimension. Imperialists believed that Western leadership was bringing new enlightenment to the inferior peoples of the rest of the First, it was based heavily on Western dominance and control of empires. A few other governments from North America, Latin America, and Asia fit in, but most of the initial arrangements were made that nationalism was rising in Europe and elsewhere. (678) people from difficult social tensions at home. (681)

3) Weaknesses of the international movement prior to WWI?

by Europeans and for Europeans. Furthermore, internationalization gained ground at the same time 4) What area of Europe that produced most diplomatic crises prior to WW I? Central and Eastern Europe: many nations tended to use military growth as a means of distracting In July 1914, a Serbian nationalist shot the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand, the emperors nephew. Germany decided to support Russia, partly out of loyalty to a weak ally but mostly because they

5) Which events lead to the outbreak of World War I?

6) The sea warfare during WW I consisted largely of 7) By 1916, conflict on the western front was (describe area and type) On the western front, northern France was pockmarked with trenches, from which little

Russia. (679, 681) Submarines (681)

in early stages of military reforms. Russia promised to support Serbia to maintain influence in the Balkans, and France promised to help Russia.

Basically, Alliances in Europe pitted Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy against France, Britain, and

believed war was inevitable and sooner was better than later because both France and Russia were

8) Between 1914 & 1917, describe area & type warfare on the eastern front gaining local advantage. (681)

(681)

Most of the fighting on the eastern front took place in the western portions of Russia, but it also

horrors of the stalemate. Fighting in this area was mainly between France, Germany, and Britain.

advancement was possible. The awesome technology of modern war was revealed in all its power as devastating artillery, machine guns, barbed-wire fences, and the use of poison gas added to the

spread to the Balkans, where Austria crushed Serbia, and the other small states aligned in the hope of

9) During World War I, what was the position of the Ottoman Empire? How did they contribute to war? The Germans even hoped that the Turks could sponsor a Muslim uprising against British and French 10) British promised support for Jewish settlement in Middle East in (document) 11) By 1917 the war on the eastern front (describe change) and the communists to power. (684) November, 1918 (684) 10 million (684) In March 1917 the pressures of war, added to the earlier strains in Russian society, caused a major revolution that toppled the tsarist government. Soon a new revolt, in October 1917, brought Lenin Balfour Declaration of 1917 (684) and, after the war was over, it split apart. (684) The Ottoman Empire, long attached to German military advisors, joined Germany in the war effort.

holdings in north Africa, but this did not happen. Rather, the war weakened the already weak empire,

12) In what year did the German forces on the western front sue for peace? 13) Approximately how many people died as a result of the carnage of WW I? 14) Which nations were formed from the Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI? A new Turkish republic was formed (Turkey). The rest of the Ottoman holdings were divided up as

mandates of the League of Nations, with Britain taking Palestine and Iraq and France gaining Syria and Lebanon. A few new or renewed monarchies, such as Iran and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, sprang up in the Persian Gulf region. (687) The League was created to deal with future disputes and to make war unnecessary. It was an War I. The US, while heavily supporting this group, never joined it. (685) October 1929 (688)

15) Describe the League of Nations created in the aftermath of World War I its purpose and players international diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World

16) In what year did the Great Depression begin? 17) Causes of the Great Depression

many farmers in Western Europe and North America borrowed heavily to buy the new equipment, and were unable to pay it off, and fled. badly. Because of this, they could no longer afford Western manufactured goods.

-Most of the dependent areas in the world economy, colonies and non-colonies alike, were suffering economic growth. to them or enacting tariff barriers to protect their own industries than about balancing world

-Structural problems, like the overproduction of food from the war, led to low prices. Furthermore,

-Crashing of the New York stock market (687-688)

-Nationalistic selfishness: nations were more concerned about insisting on repayment of debts owed

18) Social results of the Great Depression?

Failing production meant falling employment and lower wages. Nearly 1/3 of blue-colar workers in the West lost their jobs for prolonged periods. The depression led to new welfare programs that stimulated demand and helped restore confidence, but it also led to radical social and political experiments such as German Nazism. (688, 689) Russia. (688)

19) Which global economies were least affected by the Great Depression? 20) In Japan, the effect of the Great Depression was: Japan, as a new industrial country still heavily dependent on export earnings for financing its imports of essential fuel and raw materials, was hit hard. Luxury purchases of silk exports collapsed, leading new expansionism, designed to win more assured markets in India. (689) Increasingly militaristic regimes (691) Manchuria (691) to severe unemployment and a political crisis. Between 1929 and 1931, the value of Japanese exports

plummeted by 50 percent. The depression also increased suspicion of the West and helped promote 21) After 1937, the government of Japan was dominated by

22) In 1931, Japanese army marched into ____ and declared it an independent state. 23) Adolph Hitler was the political and ideological leader of the 24) Who was the leader of fascist Italy? Benito Mussolini (691) National Socialist (Nazi) Party in Germany (seriously? 691)

25) In the Spanish civil war (1936 to 1939), what nation sent effective support to the republican forces? Soviet Russia, while Germany and Italy supported the Spanish right (692) Appeasement (692)

26) The policy followed by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain at the Munich conference of 1939 came to be known as 27) Which of the following statements concerning warfare in the European theater during World War II is most accurate?

28) Japan's surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by `

29) What were results of the peace treaties signed following World War II? history. (697)

American use of atomic bombs on two cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki (696)

The United Nations was formed. China joined, giving it great status for the first time in modern

30) Which of the following nations, created in the aftermath of World War I, lost their independence following World War II? Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia; The nations of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria quickly fell to the USSR. (699) iron curtain (699) Germany (700)

31) What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II? 32) Where was the focal point of the Cold War in Europe immediately after WW II? 33) The mid-1920s in Western Europe could best be described as a period of 34) Hopes for permanent peace in Europe in 1928 were symbolized by a treaty outlawing war forever: which one? Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 (708) Stability, even optimism (708)

35) Describe the economy of Europe during the "Roaring '20s"

Economic prosperity buoyed hopes in the middle of the decade. Industrial produced boomed, though more markedly in the United States than in Europe. Mass consumption standards rose for several years. Radios became widespread, and new products were developed, such as the artificial fiber Advertising became more pervasive and visually alluring. (709) international economy and weakened sales for everyone. (709) New Deal (710) rayon. Household appliances proliferated, and technologys impact on daily life reached a new level.

36) Which of the following actions did governments take in 1929 with the onset of the depression? They raised national tariffs to keep out the goods of other countries, but this merely worsened the

The weak Western governments responded to the onset of the catastrophe counterproductively.

37) FDR's program introducing social insurance programs in the U.S. was: 38) Under Franklin Roosevelt, how did the U.S. government change? Under Roosevelt, the government became much more active, regulating banks and other economic their families and more from the state. (710)

activities and sponsoring huge public works. A new social security system provided assistance to the The impact of the depression, along with the shock of loss in WWI and the treaty arrangements that cast blame for the war on the German nation led to the development of fascism. Depression was the straw that broke the camels back, though. (710)

unemployed and retirees; correspondingly, older people began to expect less economic support from 39) What led to the development of fascism in Germany?

40) Describe Adolf Hitler's political program

Hitlers firm stance against socialism and communism. against the depression. (710)

Hitler repeated standard fascist arguments about the need for unity and the hopeless weakness of parliamentary politics. The state should provide guidance, for it was greater than the sum of

Hitler also focused grievances against various currents in modern life, from big department stores to feminism, by attacking Jewish influences in Germany. And he promised a glorious foreign policy to undo the wrongs of the Versailles treaty. Finally, Hitler represented a hope for effective action 41) The type of government that Hitler established in Germany can best be described as 42) What impact did World War II have on European colonies? Decolonization: European nations tried to restore colonial administrations worldwide, but they faced the European nations decided that colonies were not worth the expense. (711) Canal were quickly shut down. (712) Totalitarianand evil (710-11) Also, I recommend you read paragraphs 1-3 of page 711.

individual interests, and the leader should guide the state. Middle-class elements were attracted to

growing resistance. It was soon clear that many colonies could be maintained only at a great cost, and Efforts by Britain and France to attack independent Egypt to protest their nationalization of the Suez

43) What crisis emerged in 1956 that demonstrated the diminished powers of European nations in world affairs?

44) What French leader negotiated Algeria's independence in 1962? 45) U.S. opposition to Soviet aggression in west Europe was predicated on

Charles de Gaulle (711)

46) "Resistance thinking" in post-World War II Europe included which of the following principles? a commitment to rapid economic growth that reduced social and gender tensions. (712) extension of democratic political systems, a modification of nation-state rivalries within Europe, and

Resistance thinking sought dramatic new solutions for previous problems, and included the

47) Describe western European nations involvement in NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949, under US leadership, to group most of American insistence on the partial rearmament of Germany and German participation in NATO set the groundwork for the European Economic Community. (716)

the western European powers and Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet aggression. 48) Describe the development of new governments in Europe after WW II Europe experienced a shift in the political spectrum toward fuller support for democratic

constitutions and greater agreement on the need for government planning and welfare activitiesNew

regimes had to be established in Germany and Italy after the defeat of fascist and Nazi leadership, whereas France established a new republic once occupation ended. France, Britain, and the US Germany, encouraging a new constitution and outlawing extremist political movements. 49) Why was the welfare state created? Describe its programs and development. Greece, which became more connected to the West. (713-14)

progressively merged their occupation zones in Germany into what became the Federal Republic of Western Europe saw a movetoward more consistent democracy, including in Spain, Portugal, and

Wartime planning had pointed to the need for new programs to reduce the impact of economic inequality and to reward the lower classed for their loyalty. (714) Paragraphs 3-6.

50) Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s? Student protests and rights movements (715)

51) What development signaled the trend to political conservatism in the US?

New leadership in the United States Republican party, including the election of Ronald Reagan, and the triumph of a Republican congressional majority in the United States in November 1994 (716) The oil producing states of the Middle East cut their production and raised prices, initially in response to a Middle Eastern war with Israel. (719)

52) What factor accounted for the economic slowdown of the 1970s?

53) The fastest-growing sector of the labor force in the West after World War II was (service, craft, military, agricultural, or factory) 54) How were womens rights limited in the West in the later twentieth century? The Service Sector (718)

55) What work by Simone de Beauvoir signified the beginning of the new feminism in 1949? 56) Who wrote The Feminine Mystique? 57) What British economist who emphasized government spending to compensate for loss of purchasing power during a depression played a significant role in the creation of the American New Deal? John Keynes Betty Friedan (721)

The Second Sex (721)