Education and Research Department

Computer Hardware and System Software Concepts

June 2004

Document No. Authorized By Ver. Revision Signature / Date

ER/CORP/CRS/OS Dr Ravindra M. P. Ver.1.00
09/019

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Infosys Document Revision History

Document Revision History

Ver.
Date Author(s) Reviewer(s) Description
Revision
0.00a May 2004 Amrita Deo Ajit Ravindran Nair, Initial Draft
Swati Das
1.0 June 2004 Amrita Deo Ajit Ravindran Nair, Comments given by
Swati Das reviewers have been
incorporated

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1 Computer Hardware and System Software Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Computer Architecture

1.1.2 Systems Software

1.1.3 Governing the resources

1.1.4 Connecting the computers together

2 Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Organisation of a small computer

2.3 Central Processing Unit(CPU)

2.3.1 Execution Cycle of an Instruction

2.3.2 Instruction Categories

2.3.3 Measure of CPU Performance

2.4 Memory
2.4.1 Comparison of types of memory

2.5 Input/Output(I/O) Devices

2.6 Bus

2.7 Addressing Modes

2.7.1 Implied Addressing

2.7.2 Immediate Addressing

2.7.3 Direct or Absolute Addressing

2.7.4 Relative Addressing

2.7.5 Indexed Addressing

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2.7.6 Indirect Addressing

3 System Software
3.1 Introduction

3.2 Assemblers

3.3 Assembly Language

3.3.1 Symbolic References

3.3.2 Assembly Language Format

3.3.3 Single Pass and Two Pass Assembler

3.4 Loaders and Linkers

3.4.1 Types of loaders

3.4.2 Types of linkers

3.5 Compilers
3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.2 Phases in a compiler

3.5.2.1 Lexical Analysis

3.5.2.2 Syntactic Analysis

3.5.2.3 Semantic Analysis

3.5.2.4 Intermediate Code Generation

3.5.2.5 Code Optimization

3.5.2.6 Code Generation

3.6 Interpreters

4 Operating System
4.1 Introduction

4.2 Memory Management

4.2.1 Introduction

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4.2.2 Memory Management Schemes

4.2.2.1 Single Contiguous Allocation

4.2.2.2 Fixed Partitioned Allocation

4.2.2.3 Variable Partitioned Allocation

4.2.2.4 Relocatable Partitioned Allocation

4.2.2.5 Simple Paged Allocation

4.2.2.6 Demand Paging

4.2.2.6.1 LFU

4.2.2.6.2 LRU

4.2.2.6.3 NRU

4.2.2.6.4 FIFO

4.2.3 Case Study: MS-DOS vs. Unix

4.3 Process Management

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.2 Structure of a process

4.3.3 Process states and state transitions

4.3.4 Multiple Processes

4.3.5 Definition of basic concepts

4.3.6 Scheduling

4.3.7 Threads

4.3.8 Case Study: MS-DOS vs. Unix

4.4 File System Management

4.4.1 Introduction

4.4.2 MS-DOS file system

4.4.3 Unix file system

4.5 Device Management

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4.5.1 Introduction

4.5.2 I/O channels, interrupts and interrupt handling

4.5.3 Structure of an I/O system

4.5.4 Allocation Policy

4.5.5 Case Study: MS-DOS vs Unix

5 Computer Networks
5.1 Introduction

5.2 Motivation
5.2.1 What is a computer network?

5.2.2 Why do we need computer networks?

5.2.3 Examples of computer networks

5.3 Network Topology

5.3.1 Topology Evaluation Criteria

5.3.2 Complete Topology

5.3.3 Star Topology

5.3.4 Ring Topology

5.3.5 Linear Bus

5.4 The OSI Model: layered approach

5.4.1 What is in store for me in a computer network?

5.4.2 Layers illustrated with examples

5.5 Communication methods: Circuit, Packet, Message Switching

5.6 Important routing devices

5.7 Network types

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