create table COMFORT2 (

city VARCHAR2(13) NOT NULL,

Sampledate DATE NOT NULL,
Noon NUMBER(3,1),
MIDNIGHT NUMBER(3,1),
Precipitation NUMBER
);

create table COMFORT_TEST (

city VARCHAR2(13) NOT NULL,
Sampledate DATE NOT NULL,
Measure VARCHAR2(13),
Value NUMBER(3,1)
);

insert ALL
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'NOON',Noon)
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'MIDNIGHT',Midnight)
into COMFORT_TEST(city, sampledate,MEasure,Val)
values(city, sampledate,'PRECIP',Prepicipation)

select city, sampledate,noon, midnight, precipatation

from comfort
where city='Khene';

insert into comfort

values('WALPOLE',TO_DATE('06/22/2003','MM/DD/YYYY'),
86.3,72.1,NULL);

insert into comfort

(sampledate,Precipatation,city,NOON,Midnight)
select '22-dec-2003',Precipatation,
'WALPOLE',noon,midnight from comfort
where city = 'KEENE'
and sampledate='22-dec-2003';

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
radius integer (5);
area Number (14,2);
begin
radius:=3;
area:=pi*power(radius,2);
insert into areas values (radius,area);
end;
create or replace view prac as
select
city, sampledate
from trouble where city = 'Pleasant';

create type address_ty as object

(street varchar2(50),
city varchar2(25),
state char(2),
zip number);

create table customer

(cust_id number,
address address_ty);

THIS IS ONLY FOR 1 ROW

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
close rad_cursor;
end;

FOR ALL ROWS

declare
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
LOOP
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
EXIT when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
END LOOP;
close rad_cursor;
end;

exec procedurename(param1, param2,:param3) provided param3 is an out put

create procedure calc
(radius number in, area number(14,2) out ) is
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
begin
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
end;

create or replace procedure calc

(in radius number ) is
pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area number(14,2);
begin
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
end;

create or replace procedure p12( par1 in number)

begin as
declare var1 number;
set var1= par1+1;
if var1=0 then
insert into radius_vals values(143);
end if;
if par1=0 then
update radius_vals set radius=radius+1;
else
update radius_vals set radius=radius+2
end if;
end;

exec procedurename(param1, param2,:param3) provided param3 is an out put

create or replace procedure prac(pra in number) is

begin
select * from trouble;
end;

create or replace procedure plsql18

(i_paint_id IN number,
i_qty IN number) is
begin
declare
cursor c_paint(i_paint_id IN paints.pt_id%type) is
select pt_stk_on_hand
from paints
where pt_id = i_paint_id;

l_qty paints.pt_stk_on_hand%type;
 begin
if c_paint%isopen then
close c_paint;
end if;

open c_paint(i_paint_id);
fetch c_paint into l_qty;
if l_qty < i_qty then
null;
end if;
update paints
set pt_stk_on_hand = pt_stk_on_hand - i_qty
where pt_id = i_paint_id;

end;
end;

create or replace procedure calc is

pi constant Number(9,7) := 3.1415927;
area Number(14,2);
cursor rad_cursor is
select * from radius_vals;
rad_val rad_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open rad_cursor;
LOOP
fetch rad_cursor into rad_val;
EXIT when rad_cursor%NOTFOUND;
area:=pi*power(rad_val.radius,2);
insert into areas values (rad_val.radius,area);
END LOOP;
close rad_cursor;
end calc;
/

create or replace procedure p12( par1 in number)

is
var1 number:= par1+1;
begin
if var1=0 then
insert into radius_vals values(143);
end if;
if par1=0 then
update radius_vals set radius=radius+1;
else
update radius_vals set radius=radius+2;
end if;
end p12;
/

execute p12(-1);
create or replace procedure merge_table is
(par in number(6))
begin

create or replace procedure anystring( string in varchar2) as

begin
execute immediate (string);
end;

execute anystring(‘create table cd( artist varchar2(25),title varchar2(25))’);

create or replace function atable (aname in number)

return number is
ttable number(10);
begin
for i in 1 .. 10
loop
ttable := aname*i;
insert into abt values (i,ttable);
return(ttable);
end loop;
end;

variable ta number;
execute : ta := atable(9);

DECLARE
ta number;
BEGIN
ta := atable(7);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TA ' ||ta);
END;

create or replace function atable (aname in number)

return number is
ttable number(10);
begin
for i in 1 .. 10
loop
ttable := aname*i;
insert into abt values (i,ttable);
end loop;
return (ttable);
end;

set serveroutput on;

CREATE TRIGGER upper_soundex

BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF
ename, uppername on emp
FOR EACH ROW
 BEGIN
:NEW.uppername := UPPER (:NEW.ename);
END;
/

declare
v_char varchar2(90);
v_num number(11,2);
begin
v_char:='42 is';
v_num:=to_number(substr(v_char,1,2));
:g_char:=v_char;
:g_num:=v_num;
end;
/

variable g_char varchar2 (90);

variable g_num number;

declare
ghar abt.i%type :=11;
begin
merge
into ab a
using abt b
on (b.i=ghar)
when matched then
update set
a.ind =b.i,
a.num=b.ttable
when not matched then
insert values(b.i,b.ttable);
end;
/

variable rows_d varchar2(30);

declare
ia number:=2;
begin
delete from abt
where i=ia;
:rows_d:=(sql%rowcount || ' row deleted.');
end;
declare
cn number;
i number;
begin
i:=0;
loop
insert into abt values(122,323);
i:=i+1;
exit when i>10;
end loop;
cn:= sql%rowcount;
dbms_output.put_line(cn);
end;

declare
vg char(1) := Upper('&pg');
va varchar2(20);
begin
va:=
case vg
when 'A' then 'Excellent'
when 'B' then 'Very Good'
when 'C' then 'Good'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('GRADE:' || vg || 'appraisal: ' ||va);
end;
/

declare
fl number :=1;
begin
loop
if (fl!=6 and fl !=8) then
insert into messages values(fl);
end if;
fl:=fl+1;
exit when fl>10;
end loop;
select * into ab from messages where fl=1;
commit;
end;
create table messages(rs number);
select * from messages;
alter table employees
add stars varchar2(100);

define emp=100;

declare
va varchar2(50) := Null;
cn number;
ar number;
sa number;
cursor e_cursor is
select empi from emp1;
abh e_cursor%ROWTYPE;
begin
open e_cursor;
<<outer>>
loop
fetch e_cursor into abh;
ar:= abh.empi;
select sal into sa from emp1 where empi=ar;
select NVL(round(sa/1000),0) into cn from dual;
va:=NULL;
/*is assigning is important becoz if this is not done then for next employess *’s of previous
employees are also added*/
<<inner>>
for i in 1 .. cn loop
va:= va||’*’;
end loop inner;
update emp1 set stars= va where empi=ar;
exit when e_cursor%NOTFOUND;
end loop outer;
close e_cursor;
end;

declare
TYPE emp_table_type is TABLE OF
Emp1%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
My_emp_table emp_table_type;
V_count NUMBER(3) :=103;
BEGIN
FOR I IN 100 .. v_count
LOOP
SELECT * INTO my_emp_table(i) FROM emp1
where empi=i;
end LOOP;
For I in my_emp_table.FIRST .. my_emp_table.LAST
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(my_emp_table(i).sal);
End loop;
End;

update emp1 set empi = 103 where empi = 143;

insert into countries values(‘UK’, ‘UNITED KINGDOM’,12);

insert into countries values (‘USA’,’UNITED STATES’,15);

insert into countries values (‘IND’,’INDIA’,11);
insert into countries values (‘AUS’, ‘AUSTRALIA’,17);

DEFINE CI= ind;

Declare
Count_record countries%ROWTYPE;
Cis Varchar2(30) := ‘&CI’;
Begin
Select * into count_record from countries where country_id=UPPER(CIS);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘COUNTRY ID IS ’ || Count_record.country_id || ‘ ,COUNTRY
NAME IS ’ || count_record.country_name || ‘ AND REGION ID IS ’ || count_record.region_id);
Commit;
End;

Declare
type ddept_table is TABLE of
Emp1.stars%TYPE
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
Dept_table ddept_table;
Begin
For I in 100.. 103
LOOP
Select stars into dept_table(i) from emp1 where empi=i;
End loop;
For I in dept_table.first .. dept_table.last
Loop
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dept_table(i));
End loop;
End;
insert into departments values(70, ‘public relations’ , ‘UK’, 131, 2300);
insert into departments values(50, ‘ART’ , ‘ABN’);
update departments set name = 'executive' where num =90;

Declare
Type dept_table is table of
departments%ROWTYPE
index by binary_integer;
my_dept_table dept_table;
v_count number :=7;
v_deptno departments.num%TYPE;
begin
FOR i in 1..v_count
LOOP
If i=1 then
V_deptno:=10;
Elsif i=2 then
V_deptno:=20;
Elsif i=3 then
V_deptno:=50;
Elsif i=4 then
V_deptno:=60;
Elsif i=5 then
V_deptno:=80;
Elsif i=6 then
V_deptno:=90;
Elsif i=7 then
V_deptno:=110;
End if;

Select * into my_dept_table(i) from departments where num=v_deptno;

End loop;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (‘my_dept_table.COUNT is ’ || my_dept_table.COUNT);

--FOR i in 1..my_dept_table.COUNT
--any command the upper or lower wil do
For I in my_dept_table.first .. my_dept_table.last
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ DEPT NO IS ‘ || my_dept_table(i).num|| ‘ DEPARTMENT NAME
IS ’ || my_dept_table(i).name || ‘ AND LOC IS ‘ || my_dept_table(i).loc);
End loop;
Commit;
End;

Define x = 5;

Declare
Cursor sal_cursor is
Select distinct sal from emp order by sal desc;
/*distinct keyword is used so that if two users have same sal they wont be repeated*/
Inter number;
--My_sal sal_cursor;
Begin
Delete from top_dogs;
Open sal_cursor;
fetch sal_cursor into inter;
While sal_cursor%ROWCOUNT <= &x and sal_cursor%FOUND
loop
fetch sal_cursor into inter;
insert into top_dogs values(inter);
end loop;
close sal_cursor;
end;

select * from top_dogs;

define x =10;

declare
cursor my_dept is
select name,sal,man from departments where num=&x;
sala number;
nama varchar2(50);
mana number;
begin
open my_dept;
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana;
while my_dept%FOUND LOOP
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana ;
if (sala<5000 AND (mana=101 OR mana =124)) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘ ||nama || ‘ DUE for a raise’);
Else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(nama || ‘ NOT DUE for a raise’);
End if;
fetch my_dept into nama, sala, mana ;

End loop;
End;

Insert into employees(name,job,hiredate,salary,dept_id,emp_id)

Values(&a,&b,&c,&d,&e,&f);

ALL ARE WORKING(1st is my logic)

Declare
Cursor my_dept is
Select * from departments where num<100;
Abhi my_dept%ROWTYPE;
Cursor my_emp(tdep number) is
Select * from employees where dept_id= tdep and emp_id<120;
ghar my_emp%ROWTYPE;
separator varchar2(80);

Begin
Separator:=’ ‘;
Open my_dept;
LOOP
Fetch my_dept into abhi;
EXIT WHEN my_dept%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘DEPARTMENT NAME IS ‘ || abhi.name || ‘ DEPARTMENT ID
IS ’ || abhi.num);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(separator);
Open my_emp(abhi.num);
LOOP
Fetch my_emp into ghar;
EXIT WHEN my_emp%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NAME IS ‘ || ghar.name ||’ JOB IS ‘ ||ghar.job ||’ HIREDATE IS ‘ ||
ghar.hiredate ||’ SALARY IS ‘ || ghar.salary);
END LOOP;
Close my_emp;
END LOOP;
Close my_dept;
END;
Declare
Cursor my_dept is
Select num from departments where num<100;
Abh number;
Ab number;

Cursor my_emp(tdep number) is

Select name from employees where dept_id= tdep and emp_id<120;
Emp_rec my_emp%ROWTYPE;

Begin
Open my_dept;
LOOP
Fetch my_dept into abh;
EXIT WHEN my_dept%NOTFOUND;
Ab:=abh;

Open my_emp(ab);
LOOP
Fetch my_emp into emp_rec;
EXIT when my_emp%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NAME IS ‘ || emp_rec.name);
End loop;
Close my_emp;
End loop;
Close my_dept;
End;

Declare
Cursor dept_cur is
Select num from departments where num<100;
Cursor emp_cursor(p_deptno number) is
Select * from employees where dept_id=p_deptno and emp_id<120;
Begin
For dept_rec in dept_cur loop
Dbms_output.put_line(‘DEPARTMENT NUMBER: ‘ || dept_rec.num);
For emp_rec in emp_cursor (dept_rec.num) loop
Dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.name|| ‘ |’||emp_rec.job);
End loop;
End loop;
End;
/
WORKING IN !ST ATTEMPT
declare
va varchar2(100) := Null;
cn number;
cursor my_emp is
select * from employees FOR UPDATE OF stars NOWAIT;
emp_rec my_emp%ROWTYPE;

begin
open my_emp;

LOOP
Fetch my_emp into emp_rec;
EXIT when my_emp%NOTFOUND;
cn:= ROUND(NVL(emp_rec.salary,0)/1000);
--where current of cursor;
va:=NULL;
for I in 1..cn LOOP
va:=va||’*’;
end loop;
update employees set stars = va
where current of my_emp;
end loop;
close my_emp;
end;

declare
e_invalid_dept exception;
erm varchar2(255);
erc number;
begin
update departments set name = ‘abhi’ where num = 230;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e_invalid_dept;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e_invalid_dept then
erc:=sqlcode;
erm:=sqlerrm;
dbms_output.put_line(erc ||’ ‘ ||erm);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No such dept id');
end;
Declare
e exception;
pragma exception_init(e,-2292);
begin
delete from try where i = 20;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e then
dbms_output.put_line('good work');
end;

Declare
erm varchar2(255);
erc number;
e exception;
begin
select * into erc from try;
if SQL%NOTFOUND then
raise e;
end if;
commit;
exception
when e then
dbms_output.put_line('good work');
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line(‘bad work’);
when others then
erc:=sqlcode;
erm:=sqlerrm;
dbms_output.put_line(erc ||’ ‘ ||erm);
end;

define p=17000;
declare
erm varchar2(255);
more_rec exception;
no_rec exception;
sal number;
nam varchar2(50);
begin
select name,salary into nam, sal from employees where salary = &p
--select name,salary into nam, sal from employees where salary = &p/0;
/*the above state statement will create divide by zero error which wil lead to storage of some other
error in messages table*/
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (to_char(NAM) || ‘ ‘ || to_char(SAL));

exception
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (‘no employee exist’);
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES (‘MORE THAN 1 EMPLOYEE HAVING SALARY ’ ||
to_char(SAL));
WHEN OTHERS THEN
INSERT INTO MESSAGES VALUES(‘SOME OTHER ERROR’);
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE query_emp

(p_id IN employees.emp_id%TYPE,
p_name OUT employees.name%TYPE,
p_salary OUT employees.salary%TYPE) is
begin
select name, salary into
p_name, p_salary from employees where
emp_id = p_id;
END query_emp;

Variable g_name varchar2(25);

Variable g_sal number;
Execute query_emp(45, :g_name, :g_sal)

Print g_name;
Print g_sal

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE format_phone

(p_phone_no IN OUT VARCHAR2) is
begin
p_phone_no := '(' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,1,3) ||
')' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,4,3) ||
'-' || SUBSTR(p_phone_no,7);
END format_phone;
 VARIABLE g_phone_no VARCHAR2(15) ;
begin
:g_phone_no := '8006330575';
end;
/
execute format_phone(:g_phone_no);
print g_phone_no;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_dept

(p_name IN departments.name%TYPE
DEFAULT 'University',
P_loc IN departments.loc %TYPE
DEFAULT ‘unknown’) as
Begin
INSERT INTO departments(num, name,loc,man,sal)
VALUES (190, p_name, p_loc,151,23765);
END add_dept;

BEGIN
add_dept;
add_dept ('TRAINING', ‘SA’);
add_dept ( p_loc => ‘NZ’, p_name =>'EDUCATION');
add_dept ( p_loc =>’ENG’) ;
end;
/

SELECT department_id, department_name, location_id

FROM departments;

Create or replace procedure raise_sal(id IN number) is

Begin
Update employees set salary = salary*1.1 where emp_id=id;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);

End;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE process_emps is

CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT emp_id from employees;
Begin
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cursor LOOP
raise_sal(emp_rec.emp_id);
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END process_emps;

Sub prog cannot handle the exception but main prog can
To see results delete data from table t4

Main prog
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check is
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT emp_id from employees;
Begin
FOR emp_rec IN emp_cursor LOOP
raise_check;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
End loop;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;

Sub prog
Create or replace procedure raise_check is
X number;
Y number;
Begin
select a,b into x,y from t4;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check to display no data found exception’);
End;

Sub prog cannot handle the exception but main prog can with another sub program being called
Main prog
To see results delete data from table t4

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check2 is

Begin
raise_check;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in process_emps’);
raise_check1;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;
Another subprogram
Create or replace procedure raise_check1 is
X number:=43;
Y number:=32;

Begin
Insert into t4 values( x,y );
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check1 for insertion of data’);
End;

Sub-prog with exception handler with main prog also having exception handler(actually not
reqd in main prog)
To see results delete data from table t4
in this case after subprog handles its exception main prog runs normally;
Sub prog:

Create or replace procedure raise_check_with_handler is

X number;
Y number;
Begin
select a,b into x,y from t4;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check to display no data found exception’);
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi exception of process raise check handled by itself successfully’);
End;

Main program

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE handle_check_5 is

Begin
raise_check_with_handler ;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in handle check 5’);
raise_check1;
Exception
When no_data_found then
DBMS_output.put_line(‘ exception of process raise check handled successfully’);
End;
Sub-prog and main both without exception handler)

Sub prog:

Create or replace procedure raise_check_without is

X number;
Y number;
Begin
select a,b into x,y from t4;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in raise check to display no data found exception’);
End;

Main program

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE nohandle_check_ is

Begin
raise_check_without ;
DBMS_output.put_line(‘hi I m in no handle check ’);
raise_check1;
End;

These procedures will be crated but wont be executed if table t4 have no data

Create or replace procedure del_t4(X in number)

is
Begin
delete from t4 where a = x;
if sql%NOTFOUND then
raise_application_error(-20203, ‘No jobs deleted’);
end if;
End;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_sal

(p_id IN employees.emp_id%TYPE)
RETURN NUMBER as
v_salary employees.salary%TYPE :=0;
begin
SELECT salary
INTO v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_id;
RETURN v_salary;
END get_sal;
variable p number;
execute :p :=get_sal(23);
print p;

create or replace function tax(sal in number)

return number is
begin
return(sal*0.124);
end;

select name, emp_id, tax(salary) from employees where dept_id=30;

the function calls wont be completed

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dml_call_sql (p_sal NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER IS
begin
INSERT INTO employees(emp_id, name,
hiredate, job, salary)
VALUES(1, 'employee 1', SYSDATE, 'SA_MAN', 1000);
RETURN (p_sal + 100);
End;

UPDATE employees SET salary = dml_call_sql(2000)

WHERE emp_id = 23;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION query_call_sql(a NUMBER)

RETURN NUMBER IS
s NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO s FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 23;
RETURN (s + a);
END;
/

UPDATE employees SET salary = query_call_sql(100)

WHERE emp_id = 23;
Create or replace function annual_comp
(psal in number,
pcomm in number)
return number
is
begin
return(NVL(psal,0)*12+ NVL(pcomm,0)*psal*12);
end;

select emp_id,name,annual_comp(salary,.2)”Annual Compensation”

from employees where dept_id =30;

create or replace procedure new_emp

(aNAME VARCHAR2,
aJOB VARCHAR2,
aHIREDATE DATE,
aSALARY NUMBER,
aDEPT_ID NUMBER,
aEMP_ID NUMBER,
aSTARS VARCHAR2 ) is
Begin
If valid_dept(adept_id) then
Insert into employees values(aNAME, aJOB, aHIREDATE, aSALARY,
aDEPT_ID, aEMP_ID, aSTARS);
else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NO SUCH DEPT SO NO INSERTION’);
End if;
End;

Create or replace function valid_dept(depno number)

Return Boolean
Is
Dummy varchar2(2);
begin
Select ‘a’ into dummy from departments where num=depno;
Return TRUE;
Exception
When no_data_found then
Return FALSE;
End;

VALID DEPT No
execute new_emp('Abhish',’ASE-T’,SYSDATE,15096,30,1432,’***************’);
INVALID DEPT No

execute new_emp('Abhi',’ASE-T’,SYSDATE,15096,3000,15432,’***************’);

using user_objects
select object_name, object_type from user_objects
where object_type in (‘PROCEDURE’, 'FUNCTION ') order by object_name;

using user_source;
select text from user_source where name = 'NOHANDLE_CHECK_' order by line;

SET ECHO OFF HEADING OFF FEEDBACK OFF VERIFY OFF

COLUMN LINE NOPRINT
SET PAGESIZE 0

SELECT ‘CREATE OR REPLACE’,0 line

From DUAL
UNION select text, line
From USER_SOURCE
Where name in(‘NEW_EMP’, ‘VALID_DEPTNO’)
ORDER BY line;

SELECT ‘/’
FROM DUAL;

SET PAGESIZE 24
COLUMN LINE CLEAR
SET ECHO ON HEADING ON FEEDBACK ON VERIFY ON

PACKAGES

Create or replace PACKAGE sal_package is

g_sal number := 10000;
Procedure reset_sal(p_sal in number);
End sal_package;

Create or replace PACKAGE BODY sal_package is

Function validate_sal(p_sal in number)
Return BOOLEAN
Is
V_max_sal number;
Begin
Select MAX(salary) into v_max_sal from Employees;
If p_sal> v_max_sal then
Return(FALSE);
Else
Return (TRUE);
End if;
End validate_sal;

Procedure reset_sal (p_sal in number) is

Begin
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘old global variable ‘||g_sal);

If validate_sal(p_sal) and p_sal<g_sal then

g_sal:=p_sal;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘new global variable ‘||g_sal);
else
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20210,’INVALID SALARY’);
End if;
End reset_sal;
End sal_package;

--valid
Execute sal_package.reset_sal(5000);
--invalid
Execute sal_package.reset_sal(500000);
-THE LINE BELOW IS INVALID AS VALIDATE_SAL FUNCTION IS PRIVATE;
execute sal_package.validate_sal(50000);
for persistency of global variables try changing the code as above and then try this
1
Execute sal_package.reset_sal(9070);
Result: old global variable 10000
new global variable 9070

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

2.
Execute sal_package.reset_sal(9080);
Result: old global variable 9070
BEGIN sal_package.reset_sal(9080); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20210: INVALID SALARY
ORA-06512: at "TESTPE.SAL_PACKAGE", line 23
ORA-06512: at line 1

3.
SQL> Execute sal_package.reset_sal(9040);
old global variable 9070
new global variable 9040

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

create or replace PACKAGE emp_pack is

Procedure new_emp
(aNAME VARCHAR2,
aJOB VARCHAR2,
aHIREDATE DATE,
aSALARY NUMBER,
aDEPT_ID NUMBER,
aEMP_ID NUMBER,
aSTARS VARCHAR2 );

end emp_pack;

create or replace PACKAGE BODY emp_pack is

function valid_dept (depno number)
Return Boolean
Is
Dummy varchar2(2);
begin
Select 'a' into dummy from departments where num=depno;
Return TRUE;
Exception
When no_data_found then
Return FALSE;
End;

Procedure new_emp
(aNAME VARCHAR2,
aJOB VARCHAR2,
aHIREDATE DATE,
aSALARY NUMBER,
aDEPT_ID NUMBER,
aEMP_ID NUMBER,
aSTARS VARCHAR2 )
is
Begin
If valid_dept(adept_id) then
Insert into employees values(aNAME, aJOB, aHIREDATE, aSALARY,
aDEPT_ID, aEMP_ID, aSTARS);
else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NO SUCH DEPT SO NO INSERTION');
End if;
End new_emp;
End emp_pack;

Create or replace Package chk_pack is

Procedure chk_hiredate( entdate IN date);
Procedure chk_dept_em(de in number, em in number);
End chk_pack;
/

create or replace Package Body chk_pack is

Procedure chk_hiredate( entdate IN date)
Is
Dtmin date := add_months(sysdate,-50*12);
Dtmax date := add_months(sysdate,3);
Begin
If TRUNC(entdate) not BETWEEN dtmin AND dtmax OR TRUNC(entdate) = NULL
Then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,’ INVALID DATE ENTERED’);
Else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘correct date’);
End if;
End chk_hiredate;

Procedure chk_dept_em(de in number, em in number) is

Jo varchar2(50);
Begin
Select job into jo from employees where emp_id=em and dept_id=de;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(jo);
EXCEPTION
When no_data_found then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,’NOT A VALID COMBINATION’);
End chk_dept_em;
End chk_pack;

Valid
execute chk_pack.chk_dept_em(30,1232);
invalid
execute chk_pack.chk_dept_em(1232,30);
create or replace PACKAGE pack_cur is
cursor c1 is
select emp_id from employees order by emp_id desc;
procedure proc1_3rows;
procedure proc4_6rows;
END pack_cur;
/

create or replace PACKAGE BODY pack_cur is

abhi number;
procedure proc1_3rows is
begin
open c1;
for I in 1..3 loop
fetch c1 into abhi;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Emp ID ‘ || I ||’ is ‘ ||abhi);
End LOOP;
End proc1_3rows;
procedure proc4_6rows is
begin
for I in 4..6 loop
fetch c1 into abhi;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Emp ID ‘ || I || ’ is ‘ || abhi);
End LOOP;
Close c1;
End proc4_6rows;
End pack_cur;

execute pack_cur. Proc1_3rows

execute pack_cur. proc4_6rows;

create or replace PACKAGE emp_package is

type emp_table is TABLE OF employees%ROWTYPE
INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
Cursor a is
Select * from employees;
Procedure read_table(emp_rec out emp_table);
End emp_package;

create or replace PACKAGE BODY emp_package is

Procedure read_table(emp_rec out emp_table) is
i BINARY_INTEGER:=0;
Begin
For em in a LOOP
Emp_rec(i):= em;
i:=i+1;
end LOOP;
end read_table;
end emp_package;

declare
dummy number;
v_emp_table emp_package.emp_table;
begin
select count(*) into dummy from employees;
for i in 1 .. dummy LOOP
emp_package.read_table (v_emp_table);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Emp name ‘ || i ||’ is ‘ || v_emp_table (i).name);
End LOOP;
End;

Declare
v_emp_table testpe.emp_package.emp_table;
begin
testpe.emp_package.read_table (v_emp_table);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_table (4).emp_id);
End;

Create or replace PACKAGE CHECK_PACK is

Cursor a is
Select * from employees;
Procedure chk_dept_job( num in employees.dept_id%type,
Jo in employees.job%type);
End CHECK_PACK;

Create or replace PACKAGE BODY CHECK_PACK is

Procedure chk_dept_job ( num in employees.dept_id%type,
Jo in employees.job%type) is
I number:=0;
--initialisation of I is must other wise the cond I !=1 will never be validated
Begin
For emp_rec in a LOOP
If emp_rec.dept_id = num AND emp_rec.job=jo then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ Valid combination’);
I:=1;
EXIT when i=1;
End if;
End loop;
If I !=1 then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20500, ‘ NOT a VALID COMBINATION’);
End if;
End chk_dept_job;

End CHECK_PACK;

In the soln given in pdf as soon as the package body is created one time procedure is run and
the values of all dept_id and job for all employees are populated in the table
Later on execution we can use table attributes like LAST and FIRST…..

DYNAMIC SQL

Create or replace procedure delete_all_rows(p_table_name in varchar2,num_del out number)

is
cursor_name INTEGER;
Begin
Cursor_name:= DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
DBMS_SQL.PARSE( cursor_name,’DELETE FROM ’ || p_table_name, DBMS_SQL.NATIVE );
--the blank space after DELETE FROM is very important
Num_del := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(cursor_name);
End;

Variable deleted number;

execute delete_all_rows('T5',:deleted);
print deleted;

Create or replace procedure delete_rows(p_table_name in varchar2,num_del out number)

is
begin
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE(’DELETE FROM ’ || p_table_name);
num_del:=SQL%ROWCOUNT;
end;

Variable deleted number;

execute delete_rows('T5',:deleted);
print deleted;
execute anystring('insert into t5 values(''asa'',10)');

DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(‘TABLE’,’TESTPE’,’EMPLOYEES’,’COMPUTE’);

DBMS_DDL.ALTER_COMPILE(‘PROCEDURE’,’TESTPE’,’ raise_check_without’);

DBMS_JOB

Variable jobno NUMBER;

Begin
DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(
Job=>:jobno,
What =>’ chk_pack.chk_dept_em(30,1232);’,
Next_date=> TRUNC(SYSDATE+1/24),
Interval => ‘TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)’
);
commit;
end;
/
PRINT jobno
SQL> PRINT jobno;

JOBNO
----------
21

SQL> execute dbms_job.run(21);

ASE-T

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Begin
DBMS_JOB.CHANGE(21,NULL,TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)+7/48,’SYSDATE+4/24’);
End;

select job,log_user,next_date,next_sec,broken,what from

DBA_JOBS;
UTL_FILE

Create or replace procedure sal_status

(p_filedir in varchar2,p_filename in varchar2) is
v_filehandle UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
cursor emp_info is
select name,salary, dept_id from employees
order by dept_id;
v_newdeptno number;
v_olddeptno number:=0;
BEGIN
V_filehandle:=UTL_FILE.FOPEN(p_filedir, p_filename,’w’);
UTL_FILE.PUTF(v_filehandle,’SALARY REPORT, GENERATED ON %s\n’,SYSDATE);
UTL_FILE.NEW_LINE(v_filehandle);
For v_emp_rec in emp_info LOOP
v_newdeptno := v_emp_rec.dept_id;
If V_newdeptno <> v_olddeptno THEN
UTL_FILE.PUTF(v_filehandle,’ DEPARTMENT %s \n’, v_emp_rec.dept_id);
End if;
UTL_FILE.PUTF(v_filehandle,’ EMPLOYEE %s earns, %s\n’, v_emp_rec.name,
v_emp_rec.salary);
V_newdeptno := v_olddeptno;
END LOOP;
UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(v_filehandle,’***END OF REPORT’);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(v_filehandle);

EXCEPTION
When UTL_FILE.INVALID_FILEHANDLE then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,’Invalid FILE’);
When UTL_FILE.WRITE_ERROR then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002,’UNABLE TO WRITE TO
FILE’);
END sal_status;

UTL_HTTP
--WORKS
SELECT UTL_HTTP.REQUEST(‘http://www.google.co.in’) from dual;

DECLARE
X UTL_HTTP.HTML_PIECES;
Begin
X:= UTL_HTTP.REQUEST_PIECES(‘http://www.google.co.in’,100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(x.COUNT || ‘ pieces were retrieved ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ with total length ‘);
If x.COUNT <1 then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘0’);
Else
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE((2000*(x.COUNT-1))+ LENGTH(x(x.COUNT)));
End if;
End;

Create or replace procedure DROP_TABLE (tab_name in varchar2) is

Cur varchar2(100);
Dyn_err varchar2(255);
Begin
Cur:=DBMS_SQL.open_cursor;
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(cur,‘DROP TABLE ‘|| tab_name,DBMS_SQL.NATIVE);
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(cur);
Exception
When others then
Dyn_err:=sqlerrm;
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(cur);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘WELCOME’);
--RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20600,dyn_err);
End;

Create or replace procedure DROP_TABLE2 (tab_name in varchar2) is

Begin
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ‘DROP TABLE ‘|| tab_name;
Exception
When others then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘WELCOME’);
End;

Create or replace procedure analyse_object

(p_obj_type in varchar2, p_obj_name in varchar2)
is
BEGIN
--NOTE THE SPELLING OF ANALYZE BELOW
DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(p_obj_type,USER, UPPER(p_obj_name),’COMPUTE’);
END;

execute analyse_object('TABLE','EMPLOYEES');
select LAST_ANALYZED FROM USER_TABLES WHERE
TABLE_NAME=’EMPLOYEES’;

LAST_ANAL
---------
23-JAN-07

variable jobno number;

Create or replace procedure schedule_analyse
is
ab number;
BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(
Job =>ab,
WHAT=>
‘DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(‘’TABLE’’,USER,
‘’DEPARTMENTS’’,’’COMPUTE’’);’,
NEXT_DATE=>SYSDATE+1/288);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(ab);
Commit;
END;

Execute
DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(:jobno,’ANALYSE_OBJECT(‘’TABLE’’,’’DEPARTMENTS’’);’,
SYSDATE+1/1440)

TRIGGERS

Create or replace trigger secure_emp

after insert or update on employees FOR EACH ROW
Begin
If (to_char(sysdate,’DY’) in (‘SAT’,’SUN’)) OR
(to_char(sysdate, ‘HH24:MI’) not between ’08:00’ and ’18:00’)
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20500,’You may insert employee only during business
hours’ || :NEW.SALARY|| SQL%ROWCOUNT);
End if;
End;

Create or replace trigger secure_emp

after insert or update on employees
Begin
If (to_char(sysdate,’DY’) in (‘SAT’,’SUN’)) OR
(to_char(sysdate, ‘HH24:MI’) not between ’08:00’ and ’18:00’)
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20500,’You may insert employee only during business
hours’);
End if;
End;

Create or replace trigger secure_emp

Before insert or update or delete on employees
Begin
If(to_char(sysdate,’DY’) in (‘SAT’,’SUN’)) or
(to_char(sysdate, ‘HH24:MI’)
not between ’08:00’ and ’09:00’)
THEN
If DELETING then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20502,’You may delete employee only
during business hours’);
ELSIf INSERTING then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20500,’You may insert employee only
during business hours’);
ELSIf UPDATING(‘SALARY’) then
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20503,’You may update salary of employee
only during business hours’);
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20504,’You may update employee table only
during business hours’);
End if;
END if;
End;

--only employees in AD_VP AND AD_PRES can earn more than 15000

Create or replace trigger restrict_salary

Before insert or update of salary on employees
For each row
Begin
If not (:NEW.job in (‘AD_PRES’,’AD_VP’))
AND :NEW.salary>15000
Then
Raise_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20202,’EMPLOYEE CANT HEARN THIS AMOUNT’);
End if;
End;
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE var_pack is
--these functions are used to return the
--values of package variables
FUNCTION g_del RETURN NUMBER;
FUNCTION g_ins RETURN NUMBER;
FUNCTION g_upd RETURN NUMBER;
FUNCTION g_up_sal RETURN NUMBER;
--these procedures are used to modify the
--values of the package variables
PROCEDURE set_g_del (p_val IN NUMBER);
PROCEDURE set_g_ins (p_val IN NUMBER);
PROCEDURE set_g_upd (p_val IN NUMBER);
PROCEDURE set_g_up_sal (p_val IN NUMBER);
END var_pack;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY var_pack IS

gv_del NUMBER := 0; gv_ins NUMBER := 0;
gv_upd NUMBER := 0; gv_up_sal NUMBER := 0;
FUNCTION g_del RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN gv_del;
END;
FUNCTION g_ins RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN gv_ins;
END;
FUNCTION g_upd RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN gv_upd;
END;
FUNCTION g_up_sal RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
RETURN gv_up_sal;
END;

PROCEDURE set_g_del (p_val IN NUMBER) IS

BEGIN
IF p_val = 0 THEN
gv_del := p_val;
ELSE gv_del := gv_del +1;
END IF;
END set_g_del;
PROCEDURE set_g_ins (p_val IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
IF p_val = 0 THEN
gv_ins := p_val;
ELSE gv_ins := gv_ins +1;
END IF;
END set_g_ins;
PROCEDURE set_g_upd (p_val IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
IF p_val = 0 THEN
gv_upd := p_val;
ELSE gv_upd := gv_upd +1;
END IF;
END set_g_upd;
PROCEDURE set_g_up_sal (p_val IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
IF p_val = 0 THEN
gv_up_sal := p_val;
ELSE gv_up_sal := gv_up_sal +1;
END IF;
END set_g_up_sal;
END var_pack;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE audit_emp IS

V_del NUMBER:= var_pack.g_del;
V_ins NUMBER:= var_pack.g_ins;
V_upd NUMBER:= var_pack.g_upd;
V_up_sal NUMBER:= var_pack.g_up_sal;
BEGIN
If v_del + v_ins + v_upd != 0 THEN
UPDATE audit_table SET
del = del + v_del, ins = ins + v_ins,
upd = upd + v_upd
WHERE user_name=USER AND tablename='EMPLOYEES'
AND columnname IS NULL;
END IF;
IF v_up_sal != 0 THEN
UPDATE audit_table SET upd = upd + v_up_sal
WHERE user_name=USER AND tablename='EMPLOYEES'
AND columnname = 'SALARY';
END IF;
--resetting global variables in package VAR_PACK
var_pack.set_g_del (0); var_pack.set_g_ins (0);
var_pack.set_g_upd (0); var_pack.set_g_up_sal (0);
END audit_emp;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER audit_emp_trig

AFTER UPDATE or INSERT or DELETE on EMPLOYEES
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF DELETING THEN var_pack.set_g_del(1);
ELSIF INSERTING THEN var_pack.set_g_ins(1);
ELSIF UPDATING ('SALARY')
THEN var_pack.set_g_up_sal(1);
ELSE var_pack.set_g_upd(1);
END IF;
END audit_emp_trig;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER audit_emp_tab

AFTER UPDATE or INSERT or DELETE on employees
BEGIN
audit_emp;
END audit_emp_tab;

TESTRUN
SQL> delete from employees where emp_id=8657;

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from audit_table;

DEL INS UPD USER_NAME TABLENAME

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------
0 0 0 TESTPE EMPLOYEES
1 0 0 TESTPE EMPLOYEES

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> update employees set salary=45670 where emp_id=545;

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from audit_table;

DEL INS UPD USER_NAME TABLENAME

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------
0 0 1 TESTPE EMPLOYEES
1 0 0 TESTPE EMPLOYEES

SQL> update employees set dept_id=25 where emp_id=545;

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from audit_table;

DEL INS UPD USER_NAME TABLENAME

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------
0 0 1 TESTPE EMPLOYEES
1 0 1 TESTPE EMPLOYEES

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL>

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER derive_com

BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF salary ON employees
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.job = 'AD_VP')
BEGIN
IF INSERTING THEN :NEW.com := 0;
ELSIF :OLD.com IS NULL
THEN :NEW.com := 0;
ELSE :NEW.com :=
:OLD.com * (:NEW.salary/:OLD.salary);
END IF;
END;