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controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both. It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium. For example, a throat culture is taken by scraping the lining of tissue in the back of the throat and blotting the sample into a medium to be able to screen for harmful microorganisms, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, the causative agent of strep throat.[1] Furthermore, the term culture is more generally used informally to refer to "selectively growing" a specific kind of microorganism in the lab. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used extensively as a research tool in molecular biology. It is often essential to isolate a pure culture of microorganisms. A pure (or axenic) culture is a population of cells or multicellular organisms growing in the absence of other species or types. A pure culture may originate from a single cell or single organism, in which case the cells are genetic clones of one another. For the purpose of gelling the microbial culture, the medium of agarose gel (agar) is used. Agar is a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed. A cheap substitute for agar is guar gum, which can be used for the isolation and maintenance of thermophiles.
Contents
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1 Bacterial culture 2 Virus and phage culture 3 Eukaryotic cell culture o 3.1 Isolation of pure cultures 4 References 5 External links 6 See also
a shaker for uniform growth). Then they would take aliquots of the sample to test for the antimicrobial activity of a specific drug or protein (antimicrobial peptides). Alternatively, the microbiologist may decide to use static liquid cultures. These cultures are not shaken and they provide the microbes with an oxygen gradient[2]. The main ones being:[3] Collection Acronym ATCC BCCM CIP DSMZ JCM NCCB NCIMB Name American Type Culture Collection Belgium Coordinated Collection of Microorganism Collection d'Institut Pasteur Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen Japan Collection of Microorganisms Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria National Collection of industrial, Marine and food bacteria Location Manassas, Virginia Ghent, Belgium Paris, France Braunschweig, Germany Saitama, Japan Utrecht, Netherlands Aberdeen, Scotland
done by spreading the inoculate back and forth with an inoculating loop over the solid agar plate. Upon incubation, colonies will arise and, hopefully, single cells will have been isolated from the biomass