1a) The 5th NEWwater plant in Changi is the largest plant compared to the other four NEWater plants

in Singapore, with a planned capacity of 50 million gallons of water per day. With the new largest plant in Changi and the expansion of the Kranji and Bedok NEWater plants, the combined capacity would be able to meet 30% of Singapore's water demand which will contribute to a large part of Singapore's water supply. The new plant will also be built on the rooftop of the Changi Water Reclamation Plant to save land and not add on to the demand of limited land supply in Singapore so that more land can be used for other uses. 1b) There are three main reasons behind the limited availability of water and that is the uneven distribution of freshwater, the limited amount of freshwater resources on Earth readily available for human consumption and the pollution of water. Firstly, some countries in the world have an abundant supply of water, while others suffer from a lack of it. An example would be Canada that has 20% of the world's water supply while India has only 10% despite India's population being 30 times larger than that of Canada's. The situation is worsened when only 1% of the world's freshwater supply is readily available for human consumption, of which it consists of surface water, groundwater as well as water in the atmosphere. Moreover, not all water sources are safe for drinking or other human uses and this contamination is caused by human activities such as improper waste disposal, excessive pesticides and fertilisers being washed into water bodies and discharging toxic industrial waste into water bodies. 1c) NEWater may not be the best strategy to improve Signapore's water supply because it requires expensive advanced water purification and membrane technologies that would incur extremely high costs. Furthermore, there is a psychological barrier of people who may not be accustomed to drinking recycled water as it tastes slightly different from water obtained from traditional sources and may feel uncomfortable drinking "waste" water that is already treated. Besides, this would bring about another issue where we have to go to the trouble of piping NEWater into reservoirs before it is channelled to homes and industries to get the essential minerals in the water. 2a) The urban population in both the LDCs and the DCs have increased from 1975 to 2005. However, the growth of urban population in the LDCs occurs at a rapid pace from approximately half a billion to 0.9 billion in 30 years compared to the growth of urban population in the DCs which occurs at a more gradual pace from approximately 1.6 billion to 3.9 billion in 30 years. 2b) Rapid urban population growth in the LDCs is due to lack of family planning due to the people not being educated. The women in LDCs also tend to marry at an earlier age and the people prefer to have sons than daughters, thus contributing to the high birth rates which lead to rapid urban population growth in the LDCs. On the other hand, people in the DCs prefer to have later marriages or even to remain single. Furthermore, people in the DCs are educated which result in their preference to have smaller families as they would find it difficult to balance work and family life and that the cost of raising children has increased as well. 3a) In both LDCs and DCs, the food sales from Western food outlets have increased from 1999 to 2005. However, there is significant increase in the LDCs such as China which increased by an average of 135% while the food sales increase in the DCs are very slow for example, Japan which increased by an average of 15% only.

3b) The rapid increase in food sales in developing countries is mainly to three factors which are population growth, increased urbanisation and increased incomes. The rapid population growth in the developing countries result in increased demands for food supply and thus leading to the rapid increase in food sales. In addition, as the area becomes more urbanised, there is a higher standard of living, which leads to improvement in transportations and networks. Good network of transport routes and other infrastructures would allow better transportation of food. In addition, urbanisation brings about higher incomes. With the financial ability to afford food, it hence results in higher consumption of food in larger quantities. 4a) More land in Singapore will be set aside for growing food and this will be achieved by expanding existing farms or setting aside unused land parcels using the fund which will be available to the farmers. In addition, companies will be encouraged to work with farms overseas. Similarly, companies such as those involved in import and distribution may also tap on the fund available to explore if food zones identified overseas are suitable for investment of capital. 4b) They are necessary to counter the problems of food supply shortages and sharp price increases in the long term to ensure that Singapore has a ready and stable supply of produce. The first method will also help Singapore be more self-sufficient and may serve as a back-up if unable to rely on foreign countries. With a ready and stable supply of produce, the citizens of Singapore will be provided with the essential nutrients and will not be undernourished. 5a) The energy use per capita for France, Singapore and South Korea have increased from 1975 to 2008. Despite the general increase in all 3 countries, there are differences in the rate of increase. In France, its growth is much slower compared to that of South Korea and Singapore. In South Korea, the energy use per capita experiences rapid increase while the energy used per capita in Singapore increased steadily until around 1989 when it experiences a sharp increased followed by fluctuations. 5b) The increased energy consumption in these countries may be due to the increased urbanisation, leading to a change in lifestyles of many. As people become wealthier and have a higher standard of living, people desire comfort and convenience. Along with the comfort and convenience of cars, airconditioners, refrigerators, washing machines is the energy required to get them working. In addition, increase in industrialisation results in significant amounts of energy that is required to operate businesses such as factories. 6a) The main concentration of countries that are highly urbanised are found in countries in North America such as Canada, Untied States, Mexico and countries in South America namely Brazil, Chile and Argentina and in parts of Oceania, for example Australia and New Zealand. Small pockets of countries that are highly urbanised include Saudi Arabia in the south-west of Asia and parts of Europe such as Sweden, Norway, Germany, United Kingdom and Spain. On the other hand, countries that are least urbanised are located in Asia and Africa. Examples are China, India, Indonesia and Niger, Sudan, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe respectively. 6b) Countries that are not urbanised have a lower quality of life and standard of living such as shortage of important facilities and education. With low levels of education, even if they desire for better living in the urban cities, they will stand to lose out as education is a prerequisite when looking for jobs. Furthermore, they are poor due to the little pay for the farmers despite tough and long working hours. On the other hand, urban cities have a higher standard of living more job and education opportunities, higher wages and improved facilities.