SKULL

AND
CRANIAL CAVITY
Williams, et al., 1995
 The Cranial Nerves

I. Olfactory (S)
II. Optic (S)
III. Oculomotor (M)
IV. Trochlear (M) S=sensory
V. Trigeminal (B)
V1 Ophthalamic (S)
V2 Maxillary (S) M=motor
V3 Mandibular (B)
III. Abducens (M)
IV. Facial (B)
B=both sensory &
V. Vestibulocochlear (S) motor
VI. Glossopharyngeal (B)
VII. Vagus (B)
VIII. Accessory (M)
IX. Hypoglossal (M)
I. OLFACTORY
sensory - SVA (smell)
II. OPTIC
sensory - SSA (sight)
VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
sensory - SSA (hearing)-cochlear N.
(balance)-vestibular N.
III. OCULOMOTOR
motor - GSE (eye movement)
GVE (pupillary constriction; accomodation)
IV. TROCHLEAR
motor - GSE (eye movement)
IV. ABDUCENS
motor - GSE (eye movement)
 Cranial Portion - SVE (muscles of 4th pharyngeal
XI: ACCESSORY arch, I.e., pharynx and larynx)
motor Spinal Portion - GSE (2 neck muscles)
XII: HYPOGLOSSAL
motor - GSE (muscles of tongue)
 V1: Ophthalamic
sensory - GSA (upper face)
V2: Maxillary
sensory - GSA (mid- face)
V3: Mandibular
sensory - GSA (lower face)
motor - SVE (muscles of
1st pharyngeal arch-
I.e., muscles moving
the mandible)

V. TRIGEMINAL
VII: Facial
1. Greater
petrosal

3. Chorda
tympani

2. Motor
trunk

Motor & Sensory Main Branches:

1. Greater Petrosal
2. Motor Trunk
3. Chorda Tympani
VII: Facial

Motor - SVE (muscles of 2nd pharyngeal arch,

i.e., muscles of facial expression)
- GVE (lacrimation & salivation)

Sensory - GSA (skin of ear)

- SVA (taste)
 IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

motor - SVE (styloglossus, sensory - GSA (ear, tongue, pharynx)

i.e., muscle of 3rd - GVA (chemo/baroreception)
pharyngeal arch - SVA (taste)
- GVE (salivation)
X: VAGUS

sensory
- GSA (meninges,
skin of ear,
laryngeal mucosa)
- GVA (stretch;
chemo & baro-
receptors)
- SVA (taste)

motor
- SVE (4th&6th
arch muscles)
- GVE (smooth
muscle & glands
of GI tract)
 SUMMARY OF CNN COMPONENTS
COMPONENT CRANIAL NERVE

1. General Afferent
pain, temp. touch (GSA)…….….…...5, 7, 9, 10
proprioception (GSA)…………….…..5

2. Special Afferent
smell (SVA)………………………..…..1
sight (SSA)……………………..…...…2
balance (SSA)…………………….…...8
hearing (SSA)……………………..…..8
taste (SVA)………………….…….…..7, 9, 10
3. Voluntary Efferent
motor to skeletal muscle (GSE)…….3, 4, 6, spinal 11, 12
motor to skeletal muscle of
pharyngeal arch origin (SVE)…..…5, 7, 9, 10, cranial 11
4. Involuntary Efferent
parasympathetic to smooth
muscle and glands (GVE)……..….3, 7, 9, 10
 SCALP
& MENINGES
S kin
C onnective tissue (dense)
A poneurosis
L oose connective tissue
P ericranium (=periosteum of the skull)
Middle
Meningeal A.

B= PTERION
Innervation of the Meninges
 Sigmoid
Sinus

E=ASTERION
Dural Sinus System
 1
Communications
between
veins of the
Head & Face
and the
dural Sinuses 2

3
1. Scalp & skull

2. Facial &
ophthalamic VV.

3. Posterior superior
alveolar veins
& cavernous sinus
midline
of cranial base
Development of Head and
Face
From Sadler, 1990
Modified from Sadler, 1990
Modified from Sadler, 1990
 cartilage
muscle

artery motor nerve

Schematic Cross Section through a Pharyngeal Arch

Sadler, TW
Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th ed.), 2006
Sadler, TW
Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th ed.), 2006
Williams, et al., 1995, Gray’s Anatomy, 38th British Edition