LIMITED RESPONSE Technique for Evaluating Pre-Writing Formal tests are not needed for teaching the alphabet

and cursive writing. Vocabulary and grammar need attention much longer, and so both need to be evaluated. Growing out of grammar instruction are pre-writing activities such as sentence combining, sentence expansion, sentence reduction, copying, and oral cloze. These are only a few techniques that can be employed at this stage. There are five procedures.

1. Sentence combining A common pre-writing task, takes many form. Two of them: combining by adding a connective and combining by putting one sentence inside the other. By adding a connective, students can demonstrate their understanding of what various connective mean. Connective that indicate addition: and, moreover, furthermore Connective that indicate contrast: but, however, nevertheless Connective that indicate result: so, consequently, therefore Example: a) The dancer was not tall or slender, but she was extremely elegant. b) Yuzris bike broke down at the highway, so he couldnt attend the meeting.

2. Sentence expansion Another kind of pre-writing evaluation. This can involve simply adding words such as adjectives and adverbs. Or it can require adding phrases and clauses. Example:

The alligator eats. The green alligator eats. The green alligator eats quickly. The green alligator eats quickly in the pool. The green alligator eats quickly in the pool at 9:00 A.M. The green alligator eats quickly in the pool at 9:00 A.M. because he is hungry.

3. Sentence reduction

Another procedure used in evaluating pre-writing proficiency, often provides a cue word to show how to begin the new phrase. Example:

Sai Gon Kim Dan rubber Company is awarded WIPO cup about the excellent company for applying innovative intellectual ownership, commercial firm, and industrial pattern in productive and business Kim Dan is awarded WIPO cup about the excellent company

4. Copying Can make students more aware of extended discourse and also of mechanics (especially punctuation and spelling). One type of copying task uses an early audio lingual technique, the substitution table: Example: Tomorrow | | buy | Later | I will | rent | a car Soon | | sell |

5. Oral Cloze Combines dictation with selected cloze using high-frequency deletion. Difficult content words or grammar not covered yet can be left intact. Part of an Oral Cloze: The students hear the text at the left. He reads the part at the right. At each pause, he fills in the missing words. Slashes indicate where pauses would come, for the student to write in the missing words. Example: Student hear this

The most obvious of the signs that hes in love with you is his desire to spend time with you. When a man is head over heels hell find reasons to see the woman he adores. Even if its for a mere five minutes at the end of the day, hell make the time. Student read this

The most _________of the signs that hes in love with you is his ________to spend time with you. When a man is head over heels hell find reasons to see the ________he adores. Even if its for a ________five minutes at the end of the day, hell make the time.

Techniques for Evaluating Beginning Writing There are a few procedures that can be used with beginning writers. -simply changing question to statements, thus writing a paragraph. -several multiple-choice items are introduced to test mechanics (such as spelling and capitalization) -an easy dictation passage given on material such as dialogs. -pictures are used to cue the writing of short, easy paragraphs.

Advantages of Limited-Response Items 1. Easy to construct 2. Suitable for students with limited ability in English

Limitations of Limited-Response Items 1. Do not measure actual writing skill.

WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks with the these connective words so, but,and, therefore. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. My uncle is old, ________ he is very strong. Im feeling hungry,______ Ill buy some satay. Firdaus ______ Mawar love each other. She fails her math paper ________ she have to repeat it. Yuyu loves to ride a bike,______ he have to get a licence to ride in the circuit.