Tristan Flood Test corrections chapter 3 4 5 3.

Nucleic acid: a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, space for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA. A substance found in DNA and RNA is wrong because nucleic acid is DNA and RNA. 5. Chitin: a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cells walls and in the exoskeletons of all of the parts. Chitin is a carbohydrate not a protein 6. Peptide linkage: a covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group on another, formed by the dehydration reaction. A peptide linkage does not connect polypeptide chains it connects the carboxyl group of amino acid and the amino group of another 7. Acid: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution A base accepts hydrogen ions not an acid 9. Nucleotide: monomers that make up nucleic acid A nucleotide is a monomer not a compound 10. Ester bond: the bond formed between fatty acid chains and glycerol. It is not a bond connecting proteins because it is found in fats. 5. Which of the following statement is completely correct? A . H2CO3 is a weak acid, and NaOH is a weak base. This answer is wrong because NaOH is a strong base B. H2CO3 is a strong acid, and NaOH is a strong base. This answer is wrong because H2CO3 is a weak acid C. NH3 is a weak base, and H2CO3 is a strong acid. This answer is wrong because H2CO3 is a weak acid D. NH3 is a weak base, and HCl is a strong acid This is correct because both statements about the acid and base are correct

E. NH3 is a strong base, and HCl is a weak acid. This answer is incorrect because HCl is a strong acid. 6. What is the pH 800 solution with all hydroxyl ion concentration of 10 to the power -12 M. A. pH 2 this answer is wrong because because it would have to have a 10 10 to the to the power -2 M will. B. pH 4 this answer is wrong because the question would have to have a 10 to the power -4 M C. pH 10 this answer is wrong because it would have to be 10 to the -10 power. D. pH 12 this answer is correct because it is a concentration of 10 to the -12 power E. pH 14 this answer is wrong because it does not have a concentration of 10 to the power -12. 9. Carbon dioxide is readily soluble in water according to the equation carbonic acid is weak acid. Respiring cells release carbon dioxide. What prediction can we make about the pH of blood as the blood first comes in contact with respiring cells? a. Blood pH will decrease slightly CO2 +H2O--> H+ + HCO3H+ lower pH (more acidic). b. Blood pH will slightly increase this answer is incorrect because H+ will lower the pH c. blood pH will remain unchanged this answer is incorrect because H+ will make a solution more acidic d. the pH will first increase, then decrease as CO2 to come binds with hemoglobin this answer is incorrect because the H+ will will give blood a lower pH e. blood pH will first decrease, then increased sharply as CO2 combines with hemoglobin. This answer is incorrect because the pH of blood will still be decreased slightly and hemoglobin loses its affinity for CO2.

10. Many mammals control their body temperatures by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

A.

B.

C. D. E.

Waters change in density when it condenses this answer is incorrect because the density of water does not affect a mammals body temperature water's ability to dissolve molecules in air this is incorrect because water's ability to dissolve molecules does not affect the temperature of mammals the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds this answer is incorrect because sweat needs to lower body temperature and thus absorb heat the adsorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds this answer is correct because when heat is absorbed in the sweat it lowers body temperature waters high surface tension this answer is incorrect because surface tension has no relation to heat in water

12. How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? a. One this answer is incorrect because carbon has for available electrons in its valence shell B.2 this answer is incorrect because two electrons would not complete carbons valence shell C. Three this answer is incorrect because four electrons are available and need to be shared and carbons valence shell D. Four this answer is correct because carbon has for available electrons in its valence shell and needs eight to complete its valence shell. E. Eight this answer is incorrect because carbon does not have eight electrons in its valence shell. 13. Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed eating birds? A. They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants this answer is correct but other answers are also correct B. They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis. This answer is correct but a and c are also correct

C. They are ultimately derived from derived from carbon dioxide this answer is also correct but b and c are correct too D. only A and C are correct. This answer is in fact because sugars have carbon in them and birds can get a good amount of sugar from eating seeds E. A, B, and C are correct. This answer is perfect because photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway utilized by plants that uses energy from the sun to convert inorganic CO2 into organic molecules, specifically sugar. E is the most general statement. 19. Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers of the same molecule which. Many are not an enantiomer of a single molecule? A. this answer is correct because there aren't different compounds on the opposite ends B. this answer is incorrect because each molecule is not in its enantiomeric form C. this answer is incorrect because the enantiomers are not mirror images D. this answer is incorrect because each molecules carbon is not bonded correctly E. this answer is incorrect because the enantiomers are not mirror images F. This answer is incorrect because there are incorrect enatiomers 21. What is the name of the functional group shown? A. carbonyl this answer is correct because it contains a carbon double hydrogen bond B. ketone This answer is incorrect because ketone is not a functional group C. aldehyde This answer is incorrect because aldehyde is not a functional group D. hydroxyl This answer is in fact because it does not have a OH. 22. Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?

A. They are a basic pH this answer is incorrect because amino are basic B. they are found in amino acids this answer is incorrect because amino groups make up amino acids C. They contain nitrogen. This answer is incorrect because nitrogen is in amino group. C. They are nonpolar. This answer is correct because amino groups are polar making this a false statement. D. They are components of urea. This answer is incorrect because amino groups are found in the urea compounds 24. A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so? A. Carboxyl this answer is incorrect because carboxyl groups do not make a molecule less acidic B. Sulfhydryl sulfhydryl does not increase pH of molecule C. Hydroxyl hydroxyl does not increase the pH D. Amino this answer is correct because amino acts as a base because they can pick up hydrogen ions from the surrounding solution E. phosphate this answer is incorrect because the phosphate group contributes negative charge to the molecule of which is a part 25. Which of those structures is impossible covalently bonded molecules? A this answer is incorrect because the amino group is properly bonded to the oxygen B this answer is incorrect because carbon is sharing four valence electrons. C this answer is correct because oxygen is sharing three valence electrons which is impossible

D this answer is in correct because every element is properly bonded E this answer is incorrect carbon is properly bonded with a double bond and two single bonds. 27. For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship A. Item A is greater than Item B this answer is correct because item a are purines in the DNA B. item a is less than item B this answer is incorrect because purines are greater than pyrimidines C. item a is exactly or very approximately equal to item b this answer is incorrect because purines and pyrimidines have different values F. Item a may stand in more than one of the above relations to item b this answer is incorrect because purines cannot be greater and the less than pyrimidines. 28. which of the following is not a polymer? A. Glucose this answer is correct because glucose is not a polymer it is already its base form B. starch this answer is incorrect because starch is a polymer of glucose C. cellulose this answer is incorrect because cellulose is a polymer of starch D. Chitin this answer is incorrect because chitin is a polymer of glucose E. DNA this answer is incorrect because DNA is a polymer of nucleotides 29. How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? A. 12 this answer is incorrect because there are 10 bonds in a 11 polymer chain

B. 11 this answer is incorrect because a polymer with 11 monomers cannot have 11 bonds C. 10 this answer is correct because there are 10 bonds and an 11 poylmer chain that need to be broken. D. Nine this answer is incorrect because there are 10 bonds in 11 polymer chain not 9 E. Eight this answer is incorrect because they are not nine monomers in the polymer there are 11. 40. Which molecule can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is therefore inorganic acid? A. This answer is incorrect because it contains an hydroxyl group and no carboxyl group B. This answer is incorrect because there are no carboxyl groups present C. This answer is incorrect because it contains a Carbone group which does not have acidic properties D. this answer is correct because it contains a carboxyl group which has acidic properties E. This answer is incorrect because it has an amino group which has basic properties