SECRETARA DE EDUCACIN JALISCO

COORDINACIN DE EDUCACIN MEDIA SUPERIOR, SUPERIOR Y TECNOLGICA

DIRECCIN GENERAL DE EDUCACIN MEDIA SUPERIOR DIRECCIN DEL BACHILLERATO EN LA MODALIDAD INTENSIVA SEMIESCOLARIZADA

LENGUA ADICIONAL AL ESPAOL III

Guadalajara, Jalisco Enero de 2007

SECRETARA DE EDUCACIN JALISCO LENGUA ADICIONAL AL ESPAOL III

DIRECTORIO SECRETARIO DE EDUCACIN JALISCO LIC. MIGUEL NGEL MARTNEZ ESPINOSA COORDINADOR DE EDUCACIN MEDIA SUPERIOR, SUPERIOR Y TECNOLGICA LIC. EDUARDO DAZ BECERRA DIRECCIN GENERAL DE EDUCACIN MEDIA SUPERIOR MTRO. JOS MANUEL BARCEL MORENO DIRECCIN DEL BACHILLERATO EN LA MODALIDAD INTENSIVA SEMIESCOLARIZADA MTRA. DIMNA SILVIA GONZLEZ HERNNDEZ

Academia: Teresa de Jesus Tadeo Vizcarra Mayra Crdenas Gonzlez Lorena Elizabeth Rubio

UNIT I Let`s Compare 1.1 Similar characteristics in persons, animals, things and places. Using the model As.As. Adjectives Old Small Big Important Easy Difficult Grammar rule: Long Heavy Thin Short Sweet Expensive as + adjective + as Sweet Hot Cheap Good Far Lazy Happy Sad Sour Famous Funny Large

Activity 1: Complete the following sentences by using as.as and the adjective in parenthesis. Example: Mary is as tall as her brother. (tall) 1. People in the city are _______________________ the people in my hometown. (friendly). 2. This dress is _________________ that one. (pretty) 3. Fred is ____________________ Kevin. (old) 4. This watch is ______________________ that watch. (expensive) 5. In the winter Canada is ___________________ Alaska. (cold) Activity 2: Make sentences with the same meaning by using as..as with the adjective in parentheses. Example: Bob is younger than Sally (old) Bob is as old as Sally. 1. I`m shorter than my sister. (tall) 2. This exercise is more difficult than the last one. (easy) 3. My new shoes are less comfortable than my old shoes. (comfortable) 4. My little finger is shooter than my index finger. (long) 5. This book is worse than that book. (good) Activity 3: Write complete sentences. Use the adjective in parenthesis. Example: biology / Chemistry / (interesting) Biology is as interesting as chemistry. 1. I am / my brother / (thin) ________________________________

2. My hair / her hair / (curly) ________________________________

3. Japanese grammar / English grammar / (difficult) _________________________________________________________ 4. This chapter / chapter 8 / (easy) _____________________________ 5. This book / that one / (good) ________________________________ Activity 4: Write sentences comparing yourself with one of your classmates using as.as. Example: I am as tall as Diana. 1. _________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________ 1.2 The comparative grade in differences between people, animals, things and places. Using the models More than, less than and Er than. Use the comparative form to compare two things, two people, two animals or two places. Grammar rule: Adjectives + er More + Adjective Less + Adjective For one syllable adjectives add er at the end Example: old -> older For adjectives that ends with Y, change the Y to i and add er Example: pretty -> prettier For two or more syllables adjectives use less, more in from of the adjective. (Except adjectives that end in Y) Example: famous -> more famous Some irregulars adjectives: Good Better Bad Worse Far Farther / Further Activity 1: Write the comparative form for the following adjectives. Example: funny -> funnier 1. old _______________________ 9. sweet_______________________

2. small _____________________ 3. big_______________________ 4. important__________________ 5. easy______________________ 6. difficult___________________ 7. long______________________ 8. heavy_____________________

10. expensive__________________ 11. hot________________________ 12. cheap_____________________ 13. good______________________ 14. bad_______________________ 15. far________________________ 16. lazy_______________________

Activity 2: Complete the sentence with a comparative form of adjective. Example: An elephant is larger than a mouse. 1. An orange is ________________ a lemon. 2. A lake is ____________________ an ocean. 3. A person is __________________ an animal. 4. Mountains are _________________ hills. 5. An airplane is _________________ an automobile. Activity 3: Compare the following. Example: An elephant to a mouse. An elephant is bigger than a mouse. 1. An orange to a lemon. _____________________________________ 2. A diamond to a ruby _______________________________________ 3. The sun to the moon _______________________________________ 4. Love to money ____________________________________________ 5. A person to an animal ______________________________________ Activity 4: Is he better than I? Read the dialogue and answer the comprehension questions. Alex: Lori: Alex: Lori: Alex: Are you mad at me, Lori? Should I be? I don`t know, but I think you are. Tell me. Why did Paul choose you? Does he really think that you`re the best in the group? I don`t know why Paul chose me for the summer program in Michigan, Lori. I can`t say I`m better than anyone else.

Lori: Alex: Lori:

I`m sorry, Alex. I worked as hard as you did on the that show, maybe even harder. I know that, Lori. Look, you`re the best singer in the group. You have a great voice. Why don`t you talk to Paul? I`m sure he can explain. Maybe later. Can we talk about something else? What time are Joe and Diane meeting us?

Comprehension questions. Work with a partner and answer. 1. Why was Lori upset?

2. What does Alex think of Lori as a singer?

3. Is Alex a good friend? 1.3 The superlative grade in differences between people, animals, things and places. Using the models Most than, Least than and est than. Use the superlative form to compare three or more peoples, things, animals or places. Grammar rule: Adjective + est The most + adjective The Least + adjective For one syllable adjectives add est at the end Example: old -> oldest For adjectives that ends with Y, change the Y to i and add est Example: pretty -> prettiest For two or more syllables adjectives use least, most in front of the adjective. (Except adjectives that end in Y) Example: famous -> the most famous Some irregulars adjectives: Good Best Bad Worst Far Farthest Activity 1: Write the superlative form to the adjectives: 1. Long_______________________ 2. Small_______________________ 3. Heavy______________________ 4. Comfortable_________________ 6. Easy____________________ 7. Difficult__________________ 8. Bad______________________ 9. Far_______________________

5. Hard_______________________ Activity 2: Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the adjectives.

Example: The Largest city in Mexico is Distrito Federal. 1. _____________ (large) city in Canada is Toronto. 2. The Nile is ___________________ (big) river in the world. 3. I am taking four classes. My history class is _______________ (interesting) of all. 4. Mt. Mckinley in Alaska is _______________ (high) mountain in North America. 5. The Sears tower is __________________ (tall) building in Chicago. Activity 3: Compare the sizes of the three balls. Use the superlative and the comparative forms.

Example: The golf ball is smaller than the baseball. 1. The soccer ball is ___________________________ the baseball. 2. The soccer ball is ___________________________ of all. 3. The baseball isn`t _________________________ as the soccer ball. Activity 4: Compare these three people and write five sentences using the superlative form.

1. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________

3. _________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________ 1.4 Differences to the negative way using the models as as, superlative and comparative. The use of isn`t and aren`t. Activity 1: Complete the sentences by using as. As and adjective. Example: Bob isn`t as old as (old) Sally. 1. A lemon isn`t _______________ (sweet) an orange. 2. A donkey isn`t _______________ (big) a horse. 3. A pencil isn`t ________________ (expensive) a pen. 4. This book isn`t ______________ (cheap) that book. 5. This chair isn`t _________________ (comfortable) that chair. Activity 2: Complete the sentences with your own words. You can use comparative, superlative and asas. Example: John isn`t as rich as Kevin 1. A monkey isn`t as big ________________________________ 2. An ocean isn`t deeper and wider ________________________ 3. Children aren`t less powerfull__________________________ 4. Venezuela and Colombia aren`t the hottest _________________________ Activity 3: Complete the sentences with the negative form of is and are. Example: Hiroki is at home, but his wife isn`t 1. Pablo is at school, but Carlos ___________________________ 2. Beds are comfortable, but parks benches ___________________ 3. This shirt is clean, but that one __________________________ 4. These shoes are comfortable, but those shoes _______________ Activity 4: Read and listen again to the dialogue in 1.2 Activity 4. Is he better that I and write three negative things about it. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________

UNIT II 2.1 SIMPLE FUTURE GRAMMAR 1 We already saw these times previously, we learned that both times express a future action, but there is a difference between them, and we are going to find out . SIMPLE FUTURE This time is used to make a decision at the time of speaking. Example: I will call you after lunch Is also used to predict an event that is likely to happen in the future Example: you will pass the exam, dont worry Is used to indicate willingness to do something I dont feel better soon, I will go to the doctor AFIRMATIVE FORM SUBJECT + WILL + VERB IN BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT

2.2 IDIOMATIC FUTURE This time is used to express a future intend based on a decision made in the past Example: Jim is going to bring his sister tonight It is also used to predict an event that is likely to happen based on the present continues Example: i dont feel well, i am going to faint AFIRMATIVE FORM I YOU WE THEY HE SHE IT EXAMPLES I am going to be a doctor ( yo voy a ser un doctor ) She is going to buy a house (ella va a comprar una casa) They are going to write a novel (ellos van a escribir una novel) Activity one Reading and Writing + IS + ARE + GOING TO + VERB IN BASE FROM + AM

Change next sentences from the simple future to the idiomatic future or viceversa.and write the translation of each sentence.look at the examples 1) I will visit my grandmother

I am going to visit my grandmother_____ 2) Sara is going to paint her house Sara will paint her house_____________ 3) Manuel will clean the entire house ____________________________________ 4) Carolina is going to call you by telephone ____________________________________ 5) We will get the job in the factory ____________________________________ 6) They are going to do the homework _____________________________________ 7) Mary will go to Paris with her boyfriend _____________________________________ 8) I am going to get marry with Omar _____________________________________ GRAMMAR 2 There are some expressions of time that indicate that we are talking about the future,some of these expressions are: This afternoon This day This week This month This year next weekend next day next month next month next year tomorrow this winter this summer this spring tonight this evening

These expressions can be written at the end of the sentence Activity two Reading and writing

Please answer next questions about you, and try to give a expression of time LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE: When are you going to do the homework ? I am going to do the homework tonight 1) When are you going to have vacations? ______________________________________ 2) When are you going to finish the school ? _______________________________________ 3) When are you going to go to the movies ?

_______________________________________ 4) When are you going to finish your English class ? _______________________________________ 5) When are you going to see your friends? ________________________________________ 6) When are you going to go out at night ? ________________________________________ 7) When are you going to have the English exam ? ___________________________________________ 8) When are you going to visit your grandparents ? _____________________________________________ Activity three Reading and writing

Imagine that you traveled to the future and you see many interesting things, you can work in a team, you and your classmattes have to write how you imagine our future will be in 20 years. Write at less ten sentences then you can share this with the other teams. Look at the examples: 1) We are going to have flying cars 2) The doctors are going to discover the cure for many illness How will your world look like ? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Activity four Read. Saul: you look very tired and sick,are you o.k? Laura: I have too many things to do ,and I dont think Ill have enough time to do them Saul:well I am going to give only one class in the afternoon,so Ill help you if you let me Laura:thank you Saul Saul: what can I do for you? Laura:I need to buy some things from the store Saul:good ,Ill go to the store for you, but you ll have to make a list for me Laura:sure Ill make the list, then I am going to finish the homework Saul: no, no you are going to sleep for a while,and Ill wake you at 5:00 Reading comprenhension

Laura: o,k Activity Five First underline all the sentences that you found in simple future and circle the sentences that you found in idiomatic future, then write in the lines true or false according to the reading. 1)__________________laura will have time to do the things 2)_________________Saul are going to give too many clases 3)_________________Saul wont help Laura 4)_________________Laura will go to the store 5)________________Saul will make a list 6)________________Laura is going to finish the homework 7)________________Saul is going to sleep 8) ________________Laura will wake him at 5:00 Activity Six Reading Comprenhension

A. Juan went to the center and Rose told him that she could read his hand B. Juan accepted

*NOW LOOK THE RESULTS THAT SHE OBTAINED AND MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE OF JUAN. *His line is long,without any breaks JUAN IS GOING TO HAVE GOOD HEALTH AND A LONG LIFE *His heart line is red _______________________________________________ *his head line is short _______________________________________________

*his sun line starts at the heart line _______________________________________________ *his marriage line is far to the heart line _______________________________________________ FINAL PROJECT *NOW IMAGINE THAT YOU ARE GOING TO GIVE A PARTY ,AND YOU ARE GOING TO DO MANY THINGS PLEASE WRITE A LIST OF THE THINGS THAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO.LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE I AM GOING TO MAKE A LIST OF PEOPLE WHO I WANT TO INVITE____________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

UNIT III

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN AN EMBARRASING SITUATION

3.1 PRESENT PRFECT GRAMMAR 1 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM The present perfect is not very common in Spanish,we used to speak most of the times in simple past,but this time can be used in many ways:

A) INDEFINITE TIME The present perfect tense Describes an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past. EXAMPLE 1: I have read this book B) HAPPENED SEVERAL TIMES the present perfect tense also describes an action that was repeated several times in the pst EXAMPLE 2: I have read this book several times C) IT CONTINUES IN THE PRESENT (yo he leido este libro muchas veces )

(yo he leido este libro )

The present perfect tense also describes actions that began in the past and have continued up to the present.

EXAMPLE 3: I have read this book for two months

(yo he leido este libro por dos meses)

*AFFIRMATIVE FORM OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE I YOU + HAVE + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT WE THEY HE SHE IT

+ HAS

+ VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLE 1: I YOU WE THEY EXAMPLE 2: HE SHE IT

HAVE

EATEN

(yo he comido pizza) PIZZA (tu has comido pizza) (nosotros hemos comido pizza) (ellos han comido pizza ) (el ha comido pizza) (ella ha comido pizza ) (ello ha comido pizza)

+ HAS

EATEN

PIZZA

ACTIVITY 1 READING AND WRITING CHOOSE ONE VERB FOR EACH SENTENCE AND WRITE IT ON THE LINE IN PRESENT PERFECT.THEN TRANSLATE IT LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE: 1) Saul has drunk___________ milk 2) Saul ha bebido leche____________________ A) READ B) DRINK C) DO 3) Rita and Luis _____________________________ a letter _____________________________________ A) DRAW B) COOK C) CLEAN 3)The dog _________________________________the meat ____________________________________ A) EAT B) RUN C) DRIVE 4) My mom ________________________________a cake ____________________________________ A) LOSE B) BAKE

C) ANSWER

5) The students _____________________________English class ______________________________________ A) HURT B) SPELL C) TAKE 6) The men _______________________________ foot ball _______________________________________ A) PLAY B) EAT

C) KNOW

7) The children ____________________________ to the park ________________________________________ A) NEED B) HAVE C) GO

8) The computer __________________________ very well __________________________________________ A)MAKE B) WORK C) WASH * GOOD JOB * ACTIVITY 2 READING AND WRITING LOOK AT THE PICTURE BELOW AND FOR EACH PICTURE WRITE A SENTENCE IN PRESENT PERFECT THEN TRANSLATE IT. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE.

SAUL HAS RIDEN A HORSE______________

(Saul ha montado un caballo)

MARY_________________________________

DANIEL________________________________

CHARLES_______________________________

DAVID AND LORENA________________________

THE BOYS_________________________________ ACTIVITY 3 READING AND WRITING ACCORDING TO THE GRAMMAR YOU SEE BEFORE,PLEASE WRITE WHICH SITUATION IS PRESENTED IN EACH SENTENCE YOU CAN WRITE ( INDEFINITE TIME, HAPPENED SEVERAL TIMES , IT CONTINUES IN THE PRESENT) EVEN THE CASE LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES BELOW. EXAMPLE 1: Damian has drunk tequila several times HAPPENED SEVERAL TIMES______________ EXAMPLE 2: We have drunk tequila INDEFINITE TIME_______________________ EXAMPLE 3: They have drunk tequila since the morning IT CONTINUES IN THE PRESENT_______________ 1) I Have lived there for three months now ______________________________________ 2) He has visited us many times ______________________________________

3) We have had told Edward what you said _______________________________________

4) She has seen that movie four times _______________________________________

5) I have studied English steadily since 1980 _______________________________________ PRESENT PERFECT GRAMMAR 2 SOME COMMON EXPRESIONS IN PRESENT PERFECT There are some expressions that can help us to distinguish the present perfect and the past. These expressions are: A) The preposition FOR ( Tells how long the action has continued) EXAMPLE: Martha has been a reporter for five years ( she continues to be a reporter now) B) The preposition SINCE (Tells the specific time that the action began ) EXAMPLE:Martha has studied English since 1994 (she continues to study English now ) C) The word EVER (alguna vez ) ,you can use it to ask *at any time*or *in your entire life*.The word EVER usually comes before the past participle

EXAMPLE: Have you ever gone to Paris? D) The word NEVER can be used when the answer is no,NEVER usually comes before the past participle EXAMPLE:No, I have never gone to Paris PRESENT PERFECT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SIMPLE PAST AND PRESENT

GRAMMAR 3 PERFECT *The present perfect can be confused with the simple past ,remember the simple past describes an action that is already finished And does not continue in the present on the contrary the present perfect describes actions that continues in the present. EXAMPLE 1: He has worked here for two years (he is still working here ) He worked here for two years (he doesnt work here anymore ) *also is most often used to mention or imply an exact time of an action , on the contrary the present perfect usually doesnt mention exact times of actions EXAMPLE 2: I moved to Pine street in March; I have lived there for a long time ( yo me mude a la calle pino en marzo,yo he vivido alla por un largo tiempo) NOTE:AT THE FIRST PART OF THE SENTENCE MENTION THE EXACT TIME WHEN I MOVED,BUT IN THE SECOND PART DOESNT MENTION THE EXACT TIME THAT I HAVE LIVED THERE. ACTIVITY 4 READING AND WRITING SUPPLY EITHER THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OR THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE FORM AS REQUIRED BY THE MEANING.FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE 1) Juan left ___ (leave ) New York last month and has worked____ (work ) in Pittsburgh since then 2) Earl _________________________(work ) hard all his life ( he is dead ) 3) Eric__________________________( work) hard all his life ( he is alive ) 4) Gail who is now in the college , ___________________________(study )English for ten years 5) You _________________________( start ) to study English last winter 6) The First World War __________________________( begin) in 1914 and ___________________(finish) in 1918 7) My present teacher is Mr.Ming. I ________________________ (take ) his class for six months 8) We ____________________________(live ) in Chicago from 1985 to 1990 9) Henrry who is now in the hospital,________________________( be ) there for several weeks 10) We ___________________(buy ) this car two years ago and __________________________( drive ) it 5,000 miles since then PROJECT 1 WRITE IN YOUR NOTEBOOK A LIST OF TEN THINGS THAT YOU HAVE DONE ,THINGS THAT YOU STARTED IN THE PAST AND YOU CONTINUE DOING IN THE PRESENT EXAMPLE: I HAVE LEARNED ENGLISH SINCE I STARTED TO STUDY

PRESENT PERFECT GRAMMAR 4 PRESENT PERFECT IN NEGATIVE FORM *IF you want to change to negative form a sentence in present perfect tense, you only have to change the auxiliary using the Next contractions: (HAVE HAVENT ) AND ( HAS HASNT .) or you can use the complete form of these auxiliaries : ( HAVEHAVE NOT) AND ( HAS HAS NOT ) EXAMPLE 1: AFFIRMATIVE FORM : I HAVE TAKEN AN ASPIRIN ( Yo he tomado una aspirina ) NEGATIVE FORM : I HAVENT TAKEN AN ASPIRIN ( Yo no he tomado una aspirina ) *NEGATIVE FORM I YOU + (HAVEN T ) + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE +COMPLEMENT WE (HAVE NOT ) THEY HE SHE COMPLEMENT IT

( HASNT ( HAS NOT )

+ VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE +

ACTIVITY 5 READING AND WRITING CHANGE THE NEXT SENTENCES TO THE NEGATIVE FORM AND WRITE ON THE LINE THE TRANSLATION,FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE 1) Rita has gotten the money Rita hasnt gotten the money__________ Rita no ha consegido el dinero 2) Charles and I have gone to the beach ___________________________________________ 3) Luis has drawn a map ___________________________________________ 4)the cat has run fast ___________________________________________ 4) We have written a beautiful poem ___________________________________________ 5) They have studied English for a long time ___________________________________________

GRAMMAR 5 PRESENT PERFECT IN INTERROGATIVE FROM *If you want to change to interrogative form a sentence in present perfect tense, you only have to change the auxiliary ( HAVE or HAS ) at the beginning of the sentence,and thats all. *INTERROGATIVE FORM I AUXILIAR + YOU + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT HAVE WE THEY HE SHE

AUXILIAR COMPLEMENT

+ VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE

HAS

IT

SHORT ANSWERS: I , YOU YES WE , THEY HE,SHE ,IT

I ,YOU HAVE HAS NO WE, THEY HE,SHE ,IT HAVENT HASNT

EXAMPLE 1: AFFIRMATIVE FORM WE HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE ENGLISH CLASS INTERROGATIVE FORM HAVE WE UNDERSTOOD THE ENGLISH CLASS ? (nosotros hemos entendido la clase de ingles ?) SHORT ANSWERS (YES, WE HAVE / NO, WE HAVENT ) OR (YES, I HAVE / NO, I HAVENT ) EXAMPLE 2: AFFIRMATIVE FORM INTERRROGATIVE FORM carro ? ) SHORT ANSWERS SAUL HAS PAINTED THE CAR HAS SAUL PAINTED THE CAR ? (saul ha pintado el (YES, HE HAS / NO ,HE HASNT )

ACTIVITY 6 READING AND WRITING CHANGE THESE SENTENCES FROM AFFIRMATIVE FORM TO INTERROGATIVE FORM AND GIVE THE TWO ANSWERS,THE POSITIVE AND THE NEGATIVE LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE EXAMPLE 1) He has been absent from work for two days Has he been absent from work for two days ? Yes,he has No,he hasnt 2) You have spoken to the children ________________________________________________ Yes,___________________________ No,____________________________ 3) David has done the homework ________________________________________________ Yes____________________________, No,____________________________ 4) The students have worked very well ________________________________________________ Yes,____________________________ No,____________________________ 5) The bird has flown to the sky ________________________________________________ Yes,____________________________ No,_____________________________

ACTIVITY 7 READING AND WRITING LOOK AT THE PICTURE BELOW.IT IS A GREAT PARTY, IMAGINE THAT YOU WERE THERE,AND YOU WENT TO THE SUPERMARKET TO BUY SOME FOOD , BUT YOU CAN SEE WHAT THE OTHER PEOPLE HAVE DONE AFTER YOU WENTNOW ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW , ABOUT WHAT HAVE THEY DONE SINCE YOU WENT OUT ?

EXAMPLE: 1)Has Eric drunk a soda? Yes, he has 3) has Janet played the guitar? *_______________________________ 5)has Fanny watched the tv? *_______________________________ 7) have Patty and Peter talked ? *_______________________________ TIME TO PLAY LISTENING AND SPEAKING

2) has David eaten a sandwich? *____________________________ 4) have Alex and Alice danced ? *____________________________ 6) have Richard and Robert sung a song? *______________________________ 8)have Arthur and Liz read the newspaper ? *_______________________________

INSTRUCTIONS 1) One coin per pair (cover the coin with a piece of paper,write 1 on one side anda 2 on the other side.) 2) One eraser or a coin ( your game piece) 3) Work with a partner 4) Place your garrie pieces on the start places 5) Partner A flips the coin and moves the indicated number of spaces 6) Partner B asks the question in that space,partner A answers the question 7) If partner A answer the question correctly ,he or she can stay in the space,if not, partner A has to go back to the original space. 8) The partner who reaches the the end space first win.

START

HAVE YOU EVER GONE TO THE BEACH?

HAVE YOU EVER EATEN FROGS LEGS?

GO ON ONE STEP?

11

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ANGRY WITH YOUR BROTHER ? HAVE YOU HAVE GO BACK 7 EVER YOU EVER ONE BEEN WRITTEN STEP? DRUNK? A POEM?

HAVE YOU EVER COPIED IN THE EXAM? 13

GO ON ONE STEP?

HAVE YOU HAVE YOU EVER EVER THOUGHT BEEN IN GET PART OF MARRY? AN ACCIDENT ?

17

GO ON ONE STEP? YOU WON

ACTIVITY 8

3.2

PAST PERFECT

GRAMMAR I PAST PERFECT IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM We use the past perfect to describe an action that took place in the past before another past action.It is used in Conjuction with the past tense. EXAMPLE 1: BY THE TIME WE ARRIVED,THEY HAD ALREADY GONE( A la hora que nosotros llegamos ellos ya se habian ido) SAUL CAME TO SEE US BUT WE HAD GONE OUT (Saul vino a vernos pero habamos salimos) AFFRIMATIVE FORM OF PAST PERFECT I YOU WE THEY + HAD + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE +COMPLEMENT HE SHE IT EXAMPLE 1 I (yo haba escrito una carta) YOU (tu habas escrito una carta ) WE (nosotros habamos escrito una carta) THEY + HAD + WRITTEN + A LETTER (ellos haban escrito una carta) HE (el haba escrito una carta ) SHE (ella haba escrito una carta ) IT ( ello haba escrito una carta )

ACTIVITY 1 READING AND WRITTING CHOOSE ONE VERB FOR EACH SENTENCE AND WRITE IT IN PAST PERFECT,AFTER THAT TRANSLATE IT. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE 1) Rose HAD READ that story Rosa habia leido esa historia __________ A) COOK B) HURT C)READ

2) Lisa ________________________to the beach before A)GO B) MAKE C)FIGHT 3) They __________________________the homework A) PLAY B) DO C) WASH 4) The cat _________________________ the milk A) EAT B) DRINK C) DRAW 5) The children __________________________in the park A) PLAY B) PAINT C) TAKE 6) The thief _____________________________the bank A) GIVE B) NEED C) STEAL 7) The family ____________________________ the vacations A) DIG B) ENJOY C) WRAP 8) The woman___________________________ her hair cut A) KNOW B) GET C) LIKE 9) I_________________________________the job A) COOK B) FINISH C) EAT 10)The fish ___________________________in the lake A) CALL B) LOVE C) SWIM ACTIVITY TWO READING AND WRITING NOW LOOK AT THE PICTURES BELOW.AND FOR EACH SENTENCE WRITE A SENTENCE IN PAST PERFECT AND PLEASE TRANSLATE IT.LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE

ROSE AND ALEJANDRA HAD TALKED VERY SERIOUSLY(Rose y Alejandra habian hablado muy seriamente)

DANIEL___________________________________

SARA____________________________________

DAMIAN__________________________________

CARMEN__________________________________

THEY____________________________________ GRAMMAR 2 PRESENT PERFECT IN NEGATIVE FORM *IF you want to change to negative form a sentence in past perfect tense, you only have to change the auxiliary using the Next contraction: (HAD HADNT ) or you can use the complete form of this auxiliary : ( HAD- HAD NOT) EXAMPLE 1: AFFRIMATIVE FORM : I HAD DRUNK A SODA ( Yo he tomado una soda ) NEGATIVE FORM : I HADNT DRUNK A SODA ( Yo no he tomado una soda ) *NEGATIVE FORM I YOU + (HADN T ) + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE +COMPLEMENT

WE THEY HE SHE IT EXAMPLE 1: I YOU WE THEY + HADNT HE SHE IT

(HAD NOT )

DONE

(Yo no habia hecho la tarea) (tu o ustedes no habian hecho la tarea) (nosotros no habiamos hecho la tarea) + THE HOMEWORK (ellos no habian hecho la tarea ) (el no habia hecho la tarea ) (ella no habia hecho la tarea) (ello no habia hecho la tarea)

ACTIVITY THREE READING AND WRITING CHANGE THE NEXT SENTENCES FROM AFFIRMATIVE FORM TO INTERROGATIVE FORM,AND TRANSLATE THEM LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE 1) Alex had told you what happened Alex hadnt told what happened 2) They had seen that movie before 3) ______________________________________ Sara had run very fast Alex no te habia dicho lo que paso

______________________________________ 4) We had visited the grandmother in her house _______________________________________ 5) The dog had eaten the piece of meat ________________________________________ GRAMMAR 3 PRESENT PERFECT IN INTERROGATIVE FROM *If you want to change to interrogative form ,a sentence in present perfect tense, you only have to change the auxiliary ( HAD) at the beginning of the sentence,and thats all. *INTERROGATIVE FORM I AUXILIAR YOU WE HAD THEY + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE +COMPLEMENT HE + SHE IT EXAMPLE 1: AFFIRMATIVE FORM: SAUL HAD SAID THE TRUTH INTERROGATIVE FORM : HAD SAUL SAID THE TRUTH ? (Saul habia dicho la verdad ?) SHORT ANSWERS : (YES, HE HAD /NO, HE HADNT) ACTIVITY FOUR READING AND WRITING PLEASE ORDER THE NEXT WORDS TO MAKE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND GIVE THE ANSWER THAT IS REQUIRED.LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE 1) a / manager / she/? /been /very / had /good/ had she been a very good manager ? ______ Yes,she had_____________

2) been / in / you / ? / Paris / have /before ______________________________________ No,____________________ 3) Good / had / idea / had / a/ ? / Saul ______________________________________ Yes,_____________________ 4) We /the/ class /understood /English /had /? _____________________________________ No,______________________ 5) Learned / new /Rita / ? /the / had /with / to swim / sailor ________________________________________________ No,______________________ 6) Dinner / for /? / prepared / the / had / us / you ________________________________________________ Yes,______________________ 7) ? / decided / the / thief / truth /had /to tell / the _________________________________________________ Yes,_______________________ 8) The / ? /chased / cat / the / around / had /dog / the / corner _________________________________________________ No________________________ ACTIVITY FIVE READING AND WRITING CHECK EACH LINE OF VERBS FIND TWO VERBS,ONE IN SIMPLE PAST AND THE OTHER IN PAST PARTICIPLE,PLEASE INVENT A SENTENCE USING THESE VERBS. EXAMPLE: 1) DO___________ WENT__________SUNG_________RING WHEN I WENT TO THE CONCERT,THALIA HAD SUNG ALL HER SONGS 2) WAS_________TAKE ____________DRUNK________GIVE ________________________________________________________ 3) KNOW__________WROTE_________ DONE_________DO _______________________________________________________ 4) WOKE __________EATEN ________ GO ___________BIND ________________________________________________________

UNIT IV. REQUESTS, OBLIGATIONS, PROHIBITIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.

GRAMMAR. The modal auxiliars are, can, could,may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. These are special verb forms in English. They do not change forms, they do not add s or ed. They change meaning. Each word has several different meanings. AUXILIAR CAN. We used can to say that something is possible or allowed, or that somebody has the ability to do something. WE USED CAN + INFINITIVE exampLe can do , can see etc. We can see the lake from our bedroom window. Can you speak any foreing language ? I can come and see you tomorrow if you like. The word play can be a noun or a verb. Affirmative. Subject+can+verb The negative is formed by combining can and not = cannot or forming a contraction cant. Negative Subject+cant +verb. EXAMPLE I cant sleep. She cant come to the party on Friday.

I --------------------------------CAN -------------------------RUN. YOU --------------------------- CAN -------------------------RUN. HE --------------------------- CAN -------------------------RUN.

SHE ---------------------------- CAN-------------------------RUN. IT ---------------------------- -CAN-------------------------RUN . WE ---------------------------- -CAN ------------------------RUN. THEY--------------------------- CAN ------------------------RUN.

MAKE SENTENCES ABOUT SUPERHERO AND FRED. Example Superhero can fly. Superhero- fly. Fred cant fly.

Fred-fly. ______________________________________________________________ Superhero-jump over the mountains. _______________________________________________________________ Fred-jump over the mountains. _______________________________________________________________ Superhero-run from Boston to Mexico. _______________________________________________________________ Fred-run form Boston to Mexico

Superhero-lift elephants. ___________________________________________________________________ Fred lift elephants. ___________________________________________________________________ Superhero-swim the Pacific Ocean ___________________________________________________________________ Fred swim the Pacific Ocean. ___________________________________________________________________ Superhero-fight lions and tigers. __________________________________________________________________ Fred-fight lions and tigers. You can say that somebody is able to do something, but can is more usual. We are able to see the lake from our bedroom window. READING COMPREHENSION. PHYSICAL FITNESS. SEYMOUR When are you going to start taking care of yourself, Dad ? DAD. SEYMOUR. DAD SEYMOUR. I cant . Im too old. You can Its never too late. You can change your eating habits start exercising. Where can I exercise? I cant go to the gym. Im too embarrased. I look too fat. How can you say that, Dad ? There are a lot of heavy or overweight people at the gym. Theyre trying to get into shape. I cant go there. I really cant. Well, then you can walk outside or in the mall.

DAD. SEYMOUR.

DAD.

Son, I cant reach the T.V Please change the channel and pass me Another bag of potato chips.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS. 1. Why does Seymour worry about his father ? 2. Does Seymours father want to go to the gym ? 3. Do you think Seymours father will start exercising ?

ANOTHER ACTIVITIES. UNDERLINE ALL USES OF CAN AND CANT IN THE CONVERSATION. Some people like to play sports for physical fitness. Which sports do you play? MAKE SENTENCES WITH CAN OR CANT. Example. Swim. I can swim. Or I cant swim. 1. run a mile. 2. do aerobics. 3. play soccer. 4. ski 5. dive 6. play tennis. 7. lift weights. 8. skate. YES OR NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS. YES OR NO QUESTION. CAN+SUBJECT+VERB. POSSIBLE ANSWERS AFFIRMATIVE. SUBJECT+CAN. POSSIBLE ANSWERS NEGATIVE. SUBJECT+ CANT.

Work with a partner. Use can to make questions about this actions. Take turns asking and answering the questions. Example walk ten miles. a. Can you walk ten miles? b. Yes, I can. Or No, I cant.

1. touch your toes. 2. lift fifty pounds. 3. run a mile. 4. change a flat tire. 5. cook Chinesse food. 6. dance the tango 7. play the piano. 8. read Italian. 9. sing well 10. ride a bycicle ten miles. AUXILIAR COULD. GRAMMAR. We used could in a number of ways. Sometimes could is the past of can. Listen. I can hear something. ( now) I listened. I could hear something. (past ) Sometimes could is the past of can, and sometimes for requests. We use could specially with See hear smell taste feel remember understand. We had a lovely room in the hotel. We could see the lake. As soon as I walked into the room, I could smell gas. I was sitting at the back of the theatre and couldnt hear very well. We also use could to say that somebody had the general ability or permission to do something . My grandfather could speak five languages. We were totally free. We could do what we wanted. But could is not only used in this way. We also used could to talk about possible actions now or in the future (especially to make suggestions ) FOR EXAMPLE. WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO THIS EVENING? WE COULD GO TO THE CINEMA. WHEN YOU GO TO PARIS THE NEXT MONTH, YOU COULD STAY WITH JULIA. YES, I SUPPOSE I COULD. WE ALSO USED COULD (NOT CAN ) FOR ACTIONS WHICH ARE NOT REALISTIC. FOR EXAMPLE. I AM SO TIRED, I COULD SLEEP FOR A WEEK. AFFIRMATIVE. Subject+aux.could + verb. Example. I could run 10 miles. NEGATIVE. Subject+ couldnt+ verb. Example I couldn+t run 10 miles.

QUESTIONS. Could + subject+ verb. example Could I run 10 miles? EXERCISE. Use could I to make requests. Example see the doctor. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. make a dental appointment make an appointment with a doctor talk with a nurse have some aspirin get a prescription talk to a pharmacist.

READING COMPREHENSION. MRS. MURPHYS STUDENTS COULDNT DO THEIR HOMEWORK.

Mrs. Murphy doesnt know what to do with her students today. They didnt do their homework last night, and now she cant teache the lesson she prepared. Bob couldnt do his homework because he had a stomache Sally couldnt do her homework because she was tired and fell asleep early. Jonh couldnt do his homework because he had to visit his grandmother in the hospital. Donna couldnt do her homework because she had to take care of her baby sister while her mother worked late at the office. And all the other students couldnt do their homework because there was a blackout in their neighborhood last night. All the students promise Mrs. Murphy theyll be able to do their homework tonight. She certainly hopes so.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH COULD OR COULDNT+ THE FOLLOWING. 1. When Tim was 16, he ______________ run 100 meters in 11 seconds. 2. I was feeling sick yesterday. I__________ eat anything. 3. You look tired. Yes, I ___________ sleep last night. 4. I am 99 years old. When I was younger I _____________run fast. 5. I had a terrible day yesterday, I had a headache so I___________go to AUXILIAR MAY AND MIGHT. GRAMMAR. May expresses doubt,uncertainty, possibility. We may stay another night. Might expresses doubt, uncertainty and a less likely possibility than may.might means maybe, perhaps or possibly. Might is rarely used in questions. I might stay longer. We use may or might to say that something is a possibility. Usually you can use may or might, so you can say. It may be true. OR She might know. Or It might be true. She may know. school.

The negative forms are may not and might not (or mightn) AFFIRMATIVE. SUBJECT+MIGHT+VERB. SHE MIGHT STAY HERE. NEGATIVE SUBJECT+MIGHT NOT+VERB SHE MIGHT NOT LEAVE. ACTIVITY. READ THESE STATEMENTS,AND MAKE STATEMENTS WITH MIGHT. USE CUES IN THE PARENTHESES.

Example Its cloudy today. (rain) It might rain. 1. Its winter. Its very cold and cloudy. (snow) 2. She insnt in class today. (be sick) 3. He is sick, and he feels hot and cold. (have a fever) 4. Shes only eating salad and yoghurt. (be on a diet)

5. I never see him eat meat. (be a vegetarian) 6. She cries often. (be homesick ) AUXILIAR MUST. GRAMMAR. You can use must to say that you believe something is certain. Example Carlos must get very bored in his job. He does the same thing everyday. Im sure Sally gave me her phone number. I must have it somewhere. Must shows that something is very important or necessary. Example . You must finish the work by five oclock. Expresses obligation, necessity or requirement. It must be fun to travel. Also indicates a strong possibility that something is true. Must not also shows that something is not allowed. She must not do that. AFFIRMATIVE. SUBJECT+MUST+VERB. She must be careful. NEGATIVE. SUBJECT+MUST NOT+VERB. He must not smoke in the school. Used must when you think it is necessary to do something. EXAMPLE the windows are very dirty. I must clean them. Its a fantastic film. You must see it. We must go to the bank today. We havent got any money. MUSTNT or must not.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USE MUST+ONE OF THESE VERBS. BE GO GO LEARN MEET WASH WIN. We must go to the bank today. We havent got any money. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You ____________________her. My hands are dirty. I __________________them. You __________________ to drive. It will be very useful. I _______________________ to the post office. I need some stamps.

The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ______________ You cant always have things inmediately. You ______________patient. ACTIVITY. USE THE CUES BELLOW TO MAKE SENTENCES WITH MUST OR MUST NOT. COMPARE YOUR ANSWERS IN A SMALL GROUP. WRITE AN ORIGINAL SENTENCE FOR EACH SITUATION. Example keep the building clean The landlord must keep sthe building clean. 1. If you rent an apartment, the landlord must or must not do this a. keep the building clean b. provide smoke alarms c. enter your apartment without your permission d. make repairs quickly e. rent to people of any color or religion. 2. If you drive a car, you must or must not do this a. use a car seat for young children b. bring your license with you c. keep your car registration and insurance information in the car d. drive with six or more people in a compact car. 3. If you have small children, you must or must not do this a. leave them home alone, even for a short time b. use car seats for them. c. Leave medicine or cleaning supplies around the house d. Get inmunizations for them. AUXILIAR SHOULD. GRAMMAR. We use should when is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do. Example Tom should go to bed earlier. Its a good film. You should see it. SHOULDNT means should not. It is not a good thing to do. AFFIRMATIVE SUBJECT+SHOULD+INFINITE+COMPLEMENT. You should visit the doctor. SUBJECT+ SHOULD+ NOT+INFINITIVE+COMPLEMENT. You shouldnt abuse of alcohol.

NEGATIVE

ACTIVITY. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE YOU SHOULD +ONE OF THESE VERBS. CLEAN GO TAKE VISIT TAKE WATCH WEAR 1. 2. 3. When you play tennis, you should watch the ball. Its late and youre very tired. ________________________to bed. _________________________________________your teeth twice a day.

4. 5.

If you have time, _________________________the Science Museum. When you are driving, ________________________ a seat belt.

READING COMPREHENSION. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

Misha is driving with his daughter,Yulika. Yulika is only two years old, but she is not sitting in a car seat. She is not even wearing a seat belt. A car turns in front of Misha, and he has stop quickly. Yulika hits her head, but she is not hurt seriously. Now the other driver is getting out of his car. What should Misha do? He doesnt know. Then a policewoman stops. She is angry with Misha. Do you have insurance? You must keep iinsurance information in your car. Where is your childs seat? You must not drive without a car seat . You should know this. I am going to give you a ticket- . Misha is lucky because Yulika isnt hurt. But Misha is very upset. He will put his insurance information in the car today, and he is going to buy a car seat too. CIRCLE TRUE OR FALSE . 1. T F Misha knows all the U.S driving laws very well. 2- T F Misha needs to buy a car seat for his daughter. 3. T F Misha has to pay money for his mistake. 4. T F Misha is going to keep his birth certificate in his car. UNDERLINE THE USES OF SHOULD IN THE READING. EMERGENCY FIRST AID. CALL FOR MEDICAL HELP IMMEDIATELY. IF POSSIBLE, CHECK THE VICTIM FOR INJURIES. DO NOT MOVE THE VICTIM IF IT IS NOT NECESSARY. IF A RESCUE IS NECESSARY, MOVE A VICTIM QUICKLY AND CAREFULLY. CHECK FOR BREATHING. GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IF NECESSARY. CONTROL BLEEDING. DO NOT GIVE FOOD OR DRINK TO AN UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM.

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IN AN EMERGENCY? WHAT SHOULDNT YOU DO ?

AUXILIAR OUGHT TO. grammar Is an auxiliar verb that means obligation and moral duties.In some cases we can substitute ought to by should. Example. - One ought to keep ones promises. - Mark ought to pay her back. You can use ought to instead of sould in the sentences on this page. We say ought to do - DO YOU THINK I OUGHT TO APPLY FOR THIS JOB? (DO YOU THINK i SHOULD APPLY?) - JACK OUGHT NOT TO GO TO BED SO LATE.(JACK SHOULNT GO ) We can often use either should or ought to to talk about obligations and recommendations. Ought to is used particularly in speech and most often in obligations rather than probability. AUXILIAR WOULD. GRAMMAR. We use would like to offer things. Would you like some coffee ? Would you like a chocolate? What would you like, tea or coffee? We use would you like to ... To invite somebody. Would you like to go for awalk ? Would you like to have dinner with us on Sunday? What would you like to do this evening? Id like is a polite way to say I want Im thirsty. Id like a drink. Id like some information about hotels, please. Id like to see the film on television this evening. Would like is used to tell our desires and to make requests. It is more polite than want to. The contracted form of would is d. AFFIRMATIVE. SUBJECT+ WOULD LIKE+ INFINITIVE. We would like to buy some aspirin, please. QUESTIONS. WOULD+SUBJECT+LIKE+NOUN OR INFINITIVE. Would you like some dinner? ACTIVITY. MAKING REQUEST. Work with a partner. Role-play these telephone conversations. Then create your own. 1. You want to make a dental appointment for a checkup. Call the dentists office. 2. You have a bad toothache, and you would like to make an emergency appointment with the dentist. Call the dentists office. 3. You want to make an appointment with your doctor for a yearly checkup. Call the doctors office. 4. You need a prescription for antibiotics. Ask the pharmacist.