UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS COMMUNICATION-ELECTRONICS SCHOOL TRAINING COMMAND BOX 788251 TWENTYNINE PALMS, CALIFORNIA

92278

STUDENT HANDOUT
SWITCHES BE.01.06 BASIC ELECTRONICS COURSE M092721 REVISED 08/14/2008

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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Given a faulty electronic device, Test Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment and tools, diagnose basic electronic circuits, per the references. (2800-ACT-1305)

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Without the aid of references, given schematics of different switches and a list of switch types, match each schematic with its switch type, per the references. (2800-ACT1305b) Without the aid of references, select the statement that identifies characteristics of a switch in a specified state, per the references. (2800-ACT-1305g) STUDENT INFORMATION: It is 0200 on a Tuesday. You have been tossing and turning all night because you missed evening chow. You roll out of bed and lurch into the hallway. You flick on the light switch and stumble into the kitchen. You open the refrigerator and the light comes on. You grab a cold chicken leg and head back to the bedroom, already feeling better. Your trip for a late night raid on the refrigerator was made possible by several types of switches. Can you identify them? The purpose of this lesson is to familiarize you with switches. During this lesson the parts of a switch will be defined, the different types of switches, their schematic diagrams, characteristics and the concepts involved in switching circuits will be discussed. This lecture relates to some future lessons in BEC, but more so to the terminal courses. STUDENT HANDOUT PRESENTATION: I. SWITCH TYPES: There are six basic types of switches that will be discussed here. They are designated with abbreviations for the number of poles and throws that the switch contains. The exception is the push button switch, which is designated as either normally open or normally closed. The poles of a switch are identified as the movable parts of the switch, the arms. When talking about the throws of a switch you are referring to the positions the poles are moved to allow contact with a load. The

2.

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throws are those contacts that allow current flow through a circuit. A. SPST: A Single Pole Single Throw switch is a mechanical switch with one pole and one throw. These switches are used to connect one circuit to one load, therefore can only control the current in one circuit. The standard ON/OFF switch is an example of a SPST. The schematic diagram for the SPST switch is shown in Figure 06-01.

Figure 06-01 B. SPDT: A Single Pole Double Throw switch is a mechanical switch with one pole and two throws. These switches are used to connect one circuit to one of two different loads. A LOW/HIGH power switch is an example of an SPDT. The schematic diagram for the SPDT switch is shown in Figure 06-02.

Figure 06-02 C. DPST: A Double Pole Single Throw switch is a mechanical switch with two poles and one throw. These switches are used to connect two circuits to one load each with a single switch. The schematic diagram for the DPST switch is shown in Figure 06-03.

Figure 06-03 D. DPDT: A Double Pole Double Throw switch is a mechanical switch with two poles and two throws. These switches are used to connect two circuits to two different loads each. This type of switch is normally found in a slide configuration and used in high-end electronics
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for many different types of circuits. Upon closer examination you can see that the DPDT appears to be two separate SPDT switches working together. A schematic diagram for the DPDT switch is shown in Figure 06-04A schematic diagram for the DPDT switch is shown in Figure 06-04.

Figure 06-04 E. PBNO: A Push Button Normally Open switch is a momentary switch that is normally open. This type of switch temporarily closes a circuit. This is a single pole single throw switch that closes when it is pressed. A doorbell is an example of this type of switch. The schematic diagram for the PBNO switch is shown in Figure 06-05.

Figure 06-05 F. PBNC: A Push Button Normally Closed switch is a momentary switch that is normally closed. This switch configuration provides a temporary open circuit when the button is pressed. This is a single pole single throw switch that opens when it is pressed. The light in a refrigerator uses this type of switch to illuminate when the door is opened. The schematic diagram for the PBNC switch is shown in Figure 06-06.

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Figure 06-06 II. SWITCHING CONCEPTS: A. Open And Closed Switches: A switch must be either open or closed. When the contact of the circuit is connected to the contact of the load, the switch is "closed". If the connection is not made, the switch is "open". 1. An open switch has maximum resistance, allowing minimum conductance (current flow). An open switch has maximum voltage felt across it, usually close to source voltage. 2. A closed switch is the electrical equivalent of a short. It has minimum resistance, allowing maximum conductance (current flow). A closed switch has minimum voltage dropped across it, or close to zero volts. B. Teasing a Slide Switch: Unlike most of the other switches, slide switches can be teased. Teasing refers to the process of making small adjustments to a slide switch to the point where both contacts are made at the same time. Both loads connected to the slide switch will be energized when the switch is teased. C. Switch Bounce: Switch bounce occurs when the switch rapidly makes and breaks contact while being opened or closed. An undesirable effect in most applications, switch bounce must be eliminated with a device called a de-bouncing circuit.

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III. PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Student Instructions: Answer questions 1-10 below.

S1 S2

CR1

CR2 S4 S3

Figure 06-07 Refer to Figure 06-07: 1) 2) 3) 4) What type of switch is S1? What type of switch is S2? What type of switch is S3? What type of switch is S4? ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

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S1 S2

CR1

CR2 S4 S3

Figure 06-08 5) With the circuit shown in Figure 06-08, which LED will have current flowing through it?

CR1 / CR2
S1 S2 CR2 S4 S3 CR1

Figure 06.09

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6)

In reference to the circuit shown in Figure 06-09, which LED will have current flowing through it?

CR1 / CR2

S1

S2

S4 S3

Figure 06-10 7) Refer to Figure 06-10. Draw the direction that current flows through the above circuit if S2 were pressed down. What would the voltage be across S2 if it were not pressed? Maximum / Minimum

8)

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S1 S2

A
S3

S4

Figure 06-11 9) In figure 06-11, what is the current from Point A to Point B? ____________ ______ 10) In Figure 06-11, what is the current from Point A to Point C? Maximum / Minimum

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REFERENCES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Operator Manual: Fluke 77/BN Basic Electronics (9th Edition), Grob Introductory Electric Circuits, Robert T. Paynter WinFACET, Lab-Volt Systems Inc.

PREPARED BY: ____________________________________________ TITLE: __________________________________________________ SIGNATURE: ________________________ DATE: ______________ MODIFIED BY: _A.L.JOHNSON__________ DATE: _10/21/2008___ APPROVED BY: ____________________________________________ TITLE: __________________________________________________ SIGNATURE: ________________________ DATE: ______________

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NOTES:

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