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NOBUKAZU NAKAGOSHI
IDEC - Hiroshima University-Japan nobu@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
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Year
Doc. Citra Doc. Citra
1800
1900
1950
2000
2030
3%
14%
30%
47%
60%
Doc. Citra
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Less trees Less Fields,fallow, patchy: Tree cover: forest mosaic Inte- Deforestation, Reforestation grateIntegrate Segregate More trees
Courtesy of van Noordwijk Courtesy of van Noordwijk 100% forest Landscape Ecology and Urban Biodiversity in tropical Countries
Structure
Change
C U L T U R E
Courtesy slide from Ong BL Landscape Ecology and Urban Biodiversity in tropical Countries
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MAN / NATURE
Resources
Natural Processes
Pollution
Technology
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Land area 1.3% of total world land,- Indonesia has 17% of total species in the world more than 38.000 flora species - in the fifth rank in the world with 55 % endemic MEGA BIODIVERSITY
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Source: N. Vavilov, 1949, Chronica Botanica Vol 13. Waltham, Massachusetts, adapted by Reid, Walter and Kenton Miller, 1989. Keeping Options Alive: The Scientific Basis for Conserving Biodiversity. World Resources Institute, Washington DC. 1. Ethiopia ... barley, coffee, sorghum 2. Mediterranean ... oats, olives, wheat 3. Asia Minor ... barley, lentil, oats, wheat 4. Central Asia ... apple, chickpeas, lentil 5. Indo-Burma ... eggplant, rice, yam 6. Indo-Malaya ... banana, coconut, sugar cane 7. China ... sorghum, millet, soybean 8. Central America ... bean, corn, tomato 9. Peru-Ecuador-Bolivia ... bean, potato, squash 10. Southern Chile ... potato 11. Brazil-Paraguay ... peanut 12. North America ... sunflower 13. West Africa ... millet, sorghum 14. Northern Europe ... oats, rye
Landscape Ecology and http://www.wri.org/sustag/lba-01b.html; Copyright 1997. World Resources Institute Source: Urban Biodiversity in tropical Countries
LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT
Landscape structure or pattern can be quantified at three levels:
synonymous
Population level
Genetic diversity
Community level
Species diversity
Landscape level
Habitat diversity
Courtesy of Nakagoshi
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CARBON STOCK
The vegetation and soils in the earth have stocked ~ 7500 Gton CO2, a double amount of CO2 in the atmospher. The existing Carbon in forest ecosystem ~ 4500 Gton CO2
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Pencegahan/Pengurangan Emisi
Restorasi hutan
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Parks in Jakarta
The most frequent species of road tress in Jakarta and their origin
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Species Swietenea macrophylla Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Mimusops elengi L. Polyalthya fragrans Cerbera manghas L. Ficus benjamina Diallium indum Ryostonia regia Polyaltya longifolia Bauhinia purpurea Canarium indicum L. Tamarindus indica L. Khaya senegalensis Ficus lyrata Wareb. Artocarpus integer (Thunb.)Merr.). Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Cocos nucifera L. Areca catechu L. Mangifera indica L. Origin Latin America Indonesia Indonesia India Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Amerika Latin India Asia Continental Indonesia, New Guinea Tropical Africa, West Asia Africa Africa Thailand, Malay, Indonesia Tropical America Pantropical India Indonesia India Burma Remark Exotic Native Native Exotic Native Native Native Exotic Exotic Exotic Native Exotic Exotic Exotic Native Exotic Native Native Exotic
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IPB Forest
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The development of a city needs to focus on the harmony of nature, to have a conception of nature so it can minimize the negative side effect caused by the actual building of its developments.
With its potential by being on the touristic belt Jakarta-Puncak. Sentul City, supported by its nature profile and a prime accessibility, will be an international level tourism destination.
Sentul City strives to be a complete education place. Not only for formal education, but also for non-formal education where the public can benefit from. Offering education facilities ranging from Play group to College is one of the main purposes.
Cultural and art aspects is also one of the focal point in a development of a city. The completion of Sentul International Convention Center and Taman Budaya Edutainment Center is an important milestone in the development of Sentul City.
Courtesy of Utama
Courtesy of Utama
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To strengthen the Eco City and Education City pillars, on July 21st, 2009, Sentul City have signed an MOU with IPB to cooperate in 4 (four) fields, i.e.: 1. Development of Eco City Concept 2. Developing Green Implementation in Buildings 3. Developing Environment Management Method. 4. Developing IPB Education Facility in Sentul City
Courtesy of Utama
Courtesy of Utama
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Courtesy of Utama
Courtesy of Utama
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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY
The movement of biodiversity conservation and green city needs community participation. International Association for Public Participation (IAPP), the approach to community through activities: inform, consult, involve, collaborate and empower. Sustainable community development should be economically productive, environmentally sound, socially just, culturally vibrant, politically participatory.
Courtesy of Utama
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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY
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Mean size and mean diversity characteristics of 115 PEKARANGAN in six study sites with different urbanisation level in Cianjur and Bogor, West Java.
Village urbanisation level HG Total plant No. of No. of total No. of size spp. no. per ornament plant ornamental 2) (m HG al spp. individuals individuals/ /HG per 100 m2 100 m2 36 (682) 49 (3279) 32 (785) 20 (253) 34 (1863) 37 (1678) 14 25 14 11 24 26 63 72 107 58 280 240 29 40 59 34 233 201
Landscape Ecology and Urban Biodiversity in tropical Countries
Rural
(N = 30) 530
Intermediate 1 (N = 21) 380 Intermediate 2 (N = 10) 190 Intermediate 3 (N = 20) 130 Urban 1 Urban 2 (N = 10) (N = 24) 70 90
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CONCLUSIONS
Urban open space is potential landscape for biodiversity conservation, which is supported by good ecological network. Native or indigenous species are encouraged for urban greening programs in order to hold ex-situ species conservation. As an original habitat, it is then suitable for native species. Good greenspace management contributes to reducing emissions.
Green Environment
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THANK YOU
E-mail: hsarifin@ipb.ac.ad Website: http://www.hsarifin.com