SUBSTATION CONTRACT NO. TENDER NO.

PROJECT REVISION

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

Probe Spacing A (m) 0.31 0.92 1.52 4.57 6.10 9.15 15.24 21.34 27.44 33.54 39.63 45.73

Depth of Probe D = A/20 (m)

Measured Resistance R (W)

Apparent Resistance

r = 2pAR Wm
0.02 0.05 0.08 0.23 0.30 0.46 0.76 1.07 1.37 1.68 1.98 2.29 29.73 15.33 9.97 3.85 3.15 2.49 1.90 1.56 1.32 1.15 1.01 0.90 56.98 88.15 95.48 110.64 120.71 143.11 182.01 209.21 227.60 242.36 251.55 258.64

Measured Resistance vs Probe Spacing

35.00

30.00

25.00

Resistance W

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00 0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

Probe Spacing (m)

Soil Resistivity vs Probe Spacing 300

250

200 Resistivity Wm

150

100

50

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Probe Spacing (m)

Probe Spacing (m)

SUBSTATION CONTRACT NO. TENDER NO. PROJECT REVISION

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

INPUT PARAMETER Symmetrical Earth Fault Current, I f Duration of Shock Current, t s Duration of Fault Current, t f Soil Resistivity, r Fence Perimeter Body Weight Decrement Factor (for determining I G ), D f Fault Current Divisional factor, S f Crushed Rock Crushed Rock Resistivity, r s Thickness of Crushed Rock, h s Earth Rod Number of Earth Rod Point Length of Earth Rod, L r Quantity of Earth Rod Buried For Each Rod Point Total Length of Earth Rod Used, L R Earth Grid Conductor Cross Section Area of Earth Grid Conductor Depth of Earth Grid Conductor Burial, h Grid Reference Depth, h o Earthing Area, A = L x x L y Spacing Between Parallel Conductor, D Mesh Size of Earthing Grid, D x x D y Total Length of Earth Grid Conductor, L C Earth Grid Section Area, A Peripheral Length of Earth grid, L p = 2L x +2 L y Total Effective Length of Earthing Ssystem Conductor Length of Earth Rod + Earth Grid, L T Effective Buried Conductor Length, L s 31,500.00 0.50 3.00 112.20 0.00 50.00 1.00 0.70

3,000.00 0.150

165.00 1.80 3.00 891.00

70.00 m x 3.00 m x

300.00 0.30 1.00 70.00 3.00 3.00 3,406.67 4,900.00 280.00

4,297.67 3,312.35

SUBSTATION CONTRACT NO. TENDER NO. PROJECT REVISION

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

VERIFICATION OF EARTH GRID CONDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT WITHSTAND CAPACITY

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, C s Surface Layer Derating Factor, C s TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, E step50 Tolerable Step Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, E step50 TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, E touch50 Tolerable Touch Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, E touch50 999.23 V 3,330.81 V 0.78

EARTH GRID RESISTANCE, R g Earth Grid Resistance, R g SYMMETRICAL GRID CURRENT, I g Ig = Sf x If MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT, I G Maximum Grid Current, I G IG = Df x Ig GROUND POTENTIAL RISE, GPR Ground Potential Rise, GPR = I G x R g GPR vs E touch50 GPR E touch50 16,232.91 V 999.23 V GPR > TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE MESH VOLTAGE, E M na nb nc nd n = na x nb x nc x nd Ki K ii 24.33 1.00 1.00 1.00 24.33 4.25 1.00 16,232.91 V 22,050.00 A 22,050.00 A 0.74 W

kh Km Em E M vs E touch50 EM E touch50

1.14 0.35 770.48 V

770.48 V 999.23 V MESH VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

STEP VOLTAGE, E s Es E s vs E step50 Es E step50 2,324.48 V 3,330.81 V STEP VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK 2,324.48 V

ATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

A sec sec Wm m kg

Wm m

m m

mm2 m m m m m m m2 m

m m

ATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

NDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT WITHSTAND CAPACITY

OR, C s

uch50

GPR > TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE

MESH VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

STEP VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION SUBSTATION PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS CONTRACT NO. TENDER NO. PROJECT REVISION DATE

r rs

Legend Soil resistivity. Surface layer resistivity. Total area enclosed by earth grid. Surface layer derating factor. Diameter of grid conductor. Maximum distance between any two points on the grid. Decrement factor for determining IG. Mesh voltage at the centre of the corner mesh for the simplified method. Step voltage between a point above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m diagonally outside the grid for the simplified method. Tolerable step voltage for human with 50kg body weight. Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50kg body weight. Depth of earth grid conductors. Surface layer thickness. Maximum grid gurrent that flows between earth grid and surrounding earth. Symmetrical grid current. Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth, simplified method. Correction factor for grid geometry, simplified method. Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductor on the corner mesh, simplified method. Spacing factor for mesh voltage, simplified method. Spacing factor for step voltage, simplified method. Geomatric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc and nd.

A Cs d Dm Df Em Es E step50 E touch50 h hs IG Ig kh Ki K ii Km Ks n

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, C s Equation 27

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, E step50

Equation 29

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, E touch50

Equation 32