Alejandro Torres 3rd period Station# 3 Partner: Tin

LR # 13 Molarity and Solutions Background: Describe what solutions are when they are. Unsaturated, saturated, super saturated? An unsaturated solution is where a solute can be dissolved easier. A saturated solution is when the solute can reach its maximum level. A super saturated solution is when the solute present is over concentrated meaning its more than it needs to be, meaning more pressure and temperature. The word concentration means the pressure or temperature in a solution either being low or high depending on the solute. Purpose: By making a NaCl and C12 H22 O11 solution, this will help to determine the best concentration in M for the biggest bear in mass. To calculate the given mass for each solution when given the molarity M= moles of solute Liter of solution Ex problems: 1) 3.2 M NaCl in 50ml of H2O

2) 1.3 M C12 H22 O11 in 50 ml of H2O

Hypothesis: A typical bear is 2.7g Which solution will cause the bear to grow?

The Saturated solution will cause the bear to grow the most because in order for the bear to reach its maximum level of absorption the concentration needs to be at a regular level. Could the bear shrink? The bear would not shrink because the liquid solute is outside of the bear not inside so the bear can only absorb the solute and not give any out. Materials: Gummy bears 2 Paper cups 2 Triple beam balance Sugar (C12 H22 O11) 4.2g Salt (NaCl) 4.9g Glass rod Procedures: a) You will be given 2 cups one for each solution b) Choose 2 bears of different color c) Mass both cups individually, record data in table d) Mass cups with bears inside, record data in table e) Take out bears after massing f) Make both solutions into cups with your masses g) Add 50 ml of H2O to each cup with solutions h) Place bears inside cups and mass once more, record data i) Leave bears to rest for two days j) Mass bear with cup and observe any changes in bear k) Calculate the mass percentage of the growth of the bear l) Get rid of bear into bag for composing Data and Observations: Materials Qualitative and Quantitative Cup (NaCl) 1.7g The cup is pretty light and soft although it looks weak it is very resistant. Cup (C12 H22 O11) 1.75g The cup is pretty light and soft although it looks weak it is very resistant. Cup and Bear (NaCl) 4.75g The bear is sticky and the salt feels fine grained very soft and also very white. Cup and Bear (C12 H22 O11) 4.3g The bear is sticky and hard the sugar feels rough and not as fine grained as the salt did it is also not so white Cup, bear, solution

(NaCl) 57.1g NaCl The solution smelled salty and biter the bear was very slippery because of the salt. Cup, bear, solution (C12 H22 O11) 57.1g C12H22O11 The solution smelled sweet and it looked red due to the color of the bear it also felt sticky. Final mass- cup & bear NaCl 5.7g The bear only grew a bit it almost looks the same but it does feel softer because it absorbed a bit of the solute Final mass- cup & bear C12 H22 O1110.08g The bear grew quite a lot compared to its initial size. It smells sweet and it feels slimy. % Mass- NaCl 83% = 4.75 * 100 10.08 Growth- Increased % Mass- NaCl 42% = 4.3 * 100 10.08 Growth- Increased

Calculations and Results: 1.7 NaCl 1.7 M = mol .05 mol = .088 * 58.44 = 4.9674g NaCl = 4.9g 0.25 C12 H22 O11 0.25M = mol .05 mol = .0125 * 342.296 = 4.2787g C12 H22 O11= 4.2g 83% = 4.75 * 100 % mass NaCl 5.7 42% = 4.3 * 100 % mass C12 H22 O11 10.08 1. The range of the Molarities for salt is 0.7 1.7 % mass is between 52% - 83% What would have happened if the molarity increased? If the molarity had increased; the percentage of mass would have also increased out into the hundreds. Based on the information I have, I think that the molarities we got were to experiment on a saturated solution. All of the percentages are in the range of 1 to 100 which means

that all of the molarities where saturated, allowing the bears to reach their maximum level of absorption and growth. 2. The range of molarities for sugar is 0.15 0.4 M. 39 - 43% What would have happened if the molarities increased? If the molarity had increased; the percentage of the mass would also have increased. Based on the information I have, I think that the molarities we got were to experiment on a saturated solution. All of the percentages are in the range of 1 to 100 which means that all of the molarities where saturated, allowing the bears to reach their maximum level of absorption and growth. Conclusion: In conclusion the lab was a success. I learned how saturation and concentration work. I also realized how hard it is to maintain the correct saturation or concentration in any food product or eatables. The molarities have to be exact so that the saturation is also correct. I believe that if the given molarities had been higher the expansion or growth of the bear would have been enormous or the bear would not have grown at all because the solution would have been super saturated not allowing the bear to absorb the needed sugar to grow. Too much sugar or salt would make the water a super thick solution and that solution would not have been able to get in the bear.