Gii t ch thi gian: In, at, on..

May 25th, 2010 | Alice | 4,176 lt c | 3 Comments Chng ta dng * AT: ch thi gian chnh xc (At 10 oclock) * IN: dng cho thng, nm, th k v nhng thi k di * ON: cho th, ngy at thi gian chnh xc at 3 oclock at 10.30am at noon at dinnertime at bedtime at sunrise at sunset at the moment VD:

in thng, nm, th k v nhng thi k di in May in summer in the summer in 1990 in the 1990s in the next century in the Ice Age in the past/future

on th, ngy on Sunday on Tuesdays on 6 March on 25 Dec. 2010 on Christmas Day on Independence Day on my birthday on New Years Eve

I have a meeting at 9am. The shop closes at midnight. Jane went home at lunchtime. In England, it often snows in December. Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future? There should be a lot of progress in the next century. Do you work on Mondays? Her birthday is on 20 November. Where will you be on New Years Day?

Ch s dng gii t AT trong mt s cm t tiu chun sau: Expression Example

at night at the weekend at Christmas/Easter at the same time at present

The stars shine at night. I dont usually work at the weekend. I stay with my family at Christmas. We finished the test at the same time. Hes not home at present. Try later.

Ch s dng gii t In v ON trong mt s cm t tiu chun sau: in in the morning in the mornings in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s) on on Tuesday morning on Saturday mornings on Sunday afternoons on Monday evening

Khi ta dng last, next, every, this th khng dng gii t at, in, on na:

I went to London last June. (not in last June) Hes coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) Well call you this evening. (not in this evening)

1. at for time For clock times we use at, but not usually in the question: What time are you leaving for Germany? ~ I shall try to leave at three o' clock. 2. on for time For days, dates and times like Sunday evening or Saturday morning, we use on: I usually do my homework on Sunday evening; on Saturday morning I'm normally at the gym.

Can we do it on Thursday? ~ No, not on Thursday. I'm in Leeds all day on Thursday. My birthday is on 26th December and then Mark arrives on 27thDecember. (Note that we write on 27th December, but we say on the 27th of December.) 3. in for time For centuries, years, seasons, months, weeks, and for time phrases such as in the afternoon, or in the evening we use in: In the 17th Century, 200,000 people were executed in America for practising witchcraft. Brazil first won the World Cup in 1958 and then again in 1962, but in 1966 it was England's turn. I prefer to take my holidays in the spring and autumn and work in summer when everybody else is on holiday. I've got my final exams in May. When in May? In the final week of May. I work best in the morning. I'll work again in the evening if I have to, but I prefer to relax in the afternoon. (But note we say at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter and at night.) Note also subtle the difference in meaning between the expressions in time (which means before a given time) and on time (which means exactly at that time): The 7.53 is always on time, but yesterday it was late.

I couldn't get there in time for the beginning of Jo's concert and missed the opening number. 4. zero prepositon with time phrases Note that usually no prepositions are used with time phrases beginning with next, last, this, every, all, any: What are you doing this afternoon? ~ I'm busy this afternoon, but we could do it next week, if you like. I work from home every Thursday. I'm at home all afternoon tomorrow, so any time would be convenient.

1. at for place We use at to specify position at a point: He failed to stop at the traffic lights and went through the light on red. I was waiting for at least half an hour at the station, but no train came. I never seem to have any money at the end of the month. ~ You shouldn't worry about that - I never have any at the beginning of the month. 2. on and in for place: We use in to specify position inside larger areas such as containers, rooms, towns, countries, etc and we use on to specify position on a line or continuum. Compare the following: I live in Ostrava. ~ Is that in Slovakia? ~ No, it's in the Czech Republic. Have you seen my yellow T-shirt? ~ Yes, it's in the wardrobe ~ Whereabouts in the wardrobe? ~ It's on the fourth shelf at the front. ~ Did you find it? ~ Yes, it was on the bottom shelf at the back. They have lots of family photographs on the walls on the landing, but no curtains at any of the windows. I'll meet you at the theatre. ~ Where exactly? ~ In the foyer at 7.15. Ngy thng Asking the date - Hi ngy what's the date today? hm nay l ngy bao nhiu? what's today's date? hm nay l ngy bao nhiu? Dates - Ngy 15 October (c l the fifteenth of October hoc October the fifteenth) Monday, 1 January (c l Monday, the first of January hoc Monday, January the first) on 2 February (c l on the second of February hoc on February the second) at the beginning of ... July in mid-December at the end of ... 15 thng Mi th Hai, ngy 1 thng 1 vo ngy 2 thng 2 vo u thng 7 vo gia thng 12 vo cui ...

March by the end of June Years - Nm 1984 (c l "nineteen eighty-four") 2000 (c l "the year two thousand") 2005 (c l "two thousand and five") 2018 (c l "twenty eighteen") nm 1984 nm 2000 nm 2005 nm 2018

thng 3 trc cui thng 6

in 2007 (c l "in two thousand and vo nm 2007 seven") 44 BC death of Julius Caesar 79 AD or AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius Centuries - Th k the 17th century (c l "the seventeenth century") the 18th century (c l "the eighteenth century") the 19th century (c l "the nineteenth century") the 20th century (c l "the twentieth century") the 21st century (c l "the twenty-first century") Thi gian v ngy thng Specifying the day - Ngy the day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow the day after tomorrow hm kia hm qua hm nay ngy mai ngy kia th k 17 th k 18 th k 19 th k 20 th k 21 nm 44 trc Cng nguyn nh lnh o Julius Caesar qua i nm 79 sau Cng nguyn ni la Vesuvius phun tro

Specifying the time of day - Bui trong ngy

last night tonight tomorrow night in the morning in the afternoon in the evening

ti qua ti nay ti mai vo bui sng vo bui chiu vo bui ti

yesterday morning sng qua yesterday afternoon chiu qua yesterday evening ti qua this morning this afternoon this evening sng nay chiu nay ti nay

tomorrow morning sng mai tomorrow afternoon chiu mai tomorrow evening ti mai

Specifying the week, month, or year - Tun, thng, nm last week last month last year this week this month this year tun trc thng trc nm ngoi tun ny thng ny nm nay

next week tun sau next month thng sau next year nm sau Trong trang ny, tt c cc cu u km theo cch c ch cn nhn chut vo bt k cm t no nghe. Other time expressions - Cc cm t ch thi gian khc now then immediately or straight away soon earlier later five minutes ago an hour ago a week ago two weeks ago a month ago a year ago a long time ago in ten minutes' time or in ten minutes in an hour's time or in an hour in a week's time or in a week in ten days' time or in ten days in three weeks' time or in three weeks in two months' time or in two months in ten years' time or in ten years by gi khi ngay lp tc sm sm hn mun hn nm pht trc mt gi trc mt tun trc hai tun trc mt thng trc mt nm trc lu ri mi pht na mt ting na mt tun na mi ngy na ba tun na hai thng na mi nm na

the previous day the previous week the previous month the previous year the following day the following week the following month the following year Duration - Khong thi gian

ngy trc tun trc thng trc nm trc nm trc ngy sau tun sau thng sau nm sau

Khi ni v khong thi gian trong ting Anh thng dng t for ng trc, v d nh: I lived in Canada for six months I've worked here for nine years I'm going to France tomorrow for two weeks we were swimming for a long time Frequency - Tn sut never rarely occasionally sometimes often or frequently usually or normally always every day or daily every week or weekly every month or monthly every year or yearly khng bao gi him khi thnh thong thnh thong thng xuyn thng xuyn lun lun hng ngy hng tun hng thng hng nm mnh sng Canada su thng mnh lm vic y c chn nm ngy mai mnh s i Php hai tun bn mnh bi rt lu

Xem gi Hc cch xem gi trong ting Anh. Trong ting Anh, ngi ta thng dng loi ng h 12 gi. ng h 24 gi ch dng thng bo gi tu xe. Asking the time - Hi gi what's the time? what time is it? by gi l my gi? by gi l my gi?

could you tell me the time, please? bn c th xem gip ti my gi ri c khng? do you happen to have the time? do you know what time it is? Telling the time - Xem gi it's ... exactly ... about ... almost ... just gone ... one o'clock two o'clock quarter past one quarter past two half past one half past two quarter to two quarter to three five past one ten past one twenty past one twenty-five past by gi chnh xc l gi khong gi gn gi hn gi mt gi hai gi mt gi mi lm hai gi mi lm mt ri hai ri hai gi km mi lm ba gi km mi lm mt gi nm mt gi mi mt gi hai mi mt gi hai lm bn c bit my gi ri khng? bn c bit my gi ri khng?

one five to two ten to two Trong trang ny, tt c cc cu u km theo cch c ch cn nhn chut vo bt k cm t no nghe. hai gi km nm hai gi km mi

twenty to two hai gi km hai mi twenty-five to two hai gi km hai lm ten fifteen ten thirty ten forty-five ten am six pm noon or midday midnight mi gi mi lm mi ri mi gi bn mi mi gi sng su gi chiu bui tra na m

Cng c th xem gi trong ting Anh bng cch ni gi ri n pht, v thm am (sng) hoc pm (chiu) nu cn thit. V d: 11.47am 11:47 sng 2.13pm 2:13 chiu Clocks - ng h my watch is ... fast slow ng h ca ti b nhanh chm

that clock's a little ... ng h hi fast nhanh slow chm 2006-2011 Speak Languages! Nghim cm sao chp khi cha c php. Hi ng v ch ng Asking directions - Hi ng excuse me, could you tell me how to get to xin li, bn c th ch cho ti ng n ...? khng?

the bus station

bn xe but

excuse me, do you know where the ... is? xin li, bn c bit u khng? post office bu in I'm sorry, I don't know sorry, I'm not from around here I'm looking for ... this address are we on the right road for ...? Brighton is this the right way for ...? Ipswich do you have a map? can you show me on the map? Giving directions - Ch ng it's this way it's that way ch pha ny ch pha kia xin li, ti khng bit xin li, ti khng khu ny ti ang tm a ch ny chng ti c ang i ng ng ti khng? thnh ph Brighton y c phi ng i khng? thnh ph Ipswich bn c bn khng? bn c th ch cho ti trn bn khng?

you're going the wrong bn ang i sai ng ri way you're going in the wrong bn ang i sai hng ri direction take this road go down there i ng ny i xung pha

take the first on the left r tri ng r u tin take the second on the r phi ng r th hai right turn right at the crossroads n ng t th r phi continue straight ahead for tip tc i thng khong 1 dm na (1 dm xp x bng 1,6km) about a mile continue past the fire station tip tc i qua trm cu ha

you'll pass a supermarket bn s i qua mt siu th bn tay tri on your left keep going for another ... hundred yards two hundred metres half mile kilometre it'll be ... on your left on your right straight ahead of you tip tc i tip thm na 100 thc (bng 91m) 200m na dm (khong 800m) 1km

ch bn tay tri bn tay phi ngay trc mt Trong trang ny, tt c cc cu u km theo cch c ch cn nhn chut vo bt k cm t no nghe.

How far is it? - Ch cch y bao xa? how far is it? how far is it to ...? the airport ch cch y bao xa? cch y bao xa? sn bay

how far is it to ... from here? cch y bao xa? the beach bi bin is it far? is it a long way? it's ... not far quite close quite a long way a long way on foot a long way to walk about a mile from here ch c xa khng? ch c xa khng? ch khng xa kh gn kh xa kh xa nu i b kh xa nu i b cch y khng 1 dm (1 dm bng khong 1,6km)

Giving directions to drivers - Ch ng cho li xe follow the signs for ... the town centre i theo bin ch dn n trung tm thnh ph

Birmingham

thnh ph Birmingham

continue straight on past some traffic lights tip tc i thng qua n giao thng at the second set of traffic lights, turn left n ch th 2 c n giao thng th r tri go over the roundabout take the second exit at the roundabout turn right at the T-junction go under the bridge go over the bridge you'll cross some railway lines Tranh i qua bng binh n ch bng binh th i theo li ra th 2 r phi ng ba hnh ch T i di gm cu i trn cu bn s i ct qua mt s ng ray

ngha i thng ng Elm. i thng ng Elm. i xung ng Elm. i thng ng Elm 200 mt. i theo ng Elm cho Follow Elm Street until you n khi bn nhn thy nh get to the church. th. Turn left into Oxford Street. R tri vo ng Oxford. Turn right into Oxford Street. R phi vo ng Oxford.

Li ch dn Go straight on Elm Street. Go along Elm Street. Go down Elm Street. Follow Elm Street for 200 metres.

Take the first turning on the R phi ng r u tin. right. Go past the pet shop. Go along the river. Go over the bridge. Go through the park. Go towards the church. Go up the hill. Go down the hill. i qua ca hng bn th nui. i dc b sng. i qua cu. Bng qua cng vin. i theo hng n nh th. i ln dc. i xung dc.

Cross Oxford Street.

Bng qua ng Oxford.

The bookshop is opposite the Hiu sch i din nh church. th. Hiu sch nm gia nh The bookshop is between the th v ca hng bn th church and the pet shop. nui. The bookshop is on/at the Hiu sch nm gc ph. corner. The bookshop is in front of Hiu sch nm trc nh the church. th. The bookshop is behind the Hiu sch nm sau nh church. th. The bookshop is next to the Hiu sch nm st cnh church. nh th. The bookshop is beside the Hiu sch nm cnh nh church. th. The bookshop is near the Hiu sch nm gn nh church. th.

car park parking lot crossroads roundabout traffic lights

Bi xe ng giao nhau ng vng n giao thng

III. 'Due to', 'owing to', on account of' and 'because of' Due to and owing to are similar in meaning to on account of and because of. They are all prepositions used with noun phrases and are often used interchangeably. They indicate that something happened as a result of something or introduce the reason for something happening:

'He was kept in after school due to/owing to his bad behaviour.' = He was kept in after school on account of/because of his bad behaviour.

'Due to/owing to a broken propeller, the new cruise liner returned immediately to port.' = 'The new cruise liner returned immediately to port because of/on account of a broken propeller.'

It used to be thought that it was incorrect to use due to in this way, but modern usage shows no hesitation in using these expressions interchangeably. Note that these prepositions are sometimes used in cleft structures with it and the verb to be:

'It is due to/on account of all his hard work over the winter months that he has passed the exam with such a good grade.'

'It was owing to/because of traffic congestion on the road leading to the airport that I missed my flight The noun phrases which these prepositions introduce are often rather formal and it may be more natural to use because in informal, conversational English. But remember that because is a conjunction and must therefore be used to introduce a subordinate clause of reason:

'We had to give up the idea of a boat trip because it started to pour with rain.' 'Owing to the heavy rain, we had to give up the idea of a boat trip.'

In this final owing to example, there is a mismatch of formal and colloquial styles and it does not sound quite right. In the following examples, however, the prepositional phrase might be preferred as it is more succinct:

'Why are you so late?' 'On account of the traffic. Incredibly heavy!'

'Why are you so late?' 'Because the traffic was so incredibly heavy on the road into London. '

IV. Conjunctions are joining words and their main function is to link together two different parts of a sentence. And / but / or (coordinating conjunctions) And, but and or are the three main coordinating conjunctions. They join two clauses which are grammatically independent of each other and would make sense if they stood alone. Compare the following: 1. She's already had two holidays this year and now she wants another one. She's already had two holidays this year. Now she wants another one.

2. I had a terrible cold last week, but I still went to work. I had a terrible cold last week. I still went to work. 3. You can sit at the front, or you can stand at the back. I don't mind. You can sit at the front. You can stand at the back. I don't mind. But note they way in which conjunctions help to add meaning to the sentence. And indicates that we are listing items or ideas, or means that we are discussing alternatives and but means that we are contrasting facts or ideas. Note also that in the second of the two coordinating clauses, the subject words and modal auxiliaries can often be left out:

She's already had two holidays this year and now wants another one. I had a terrible cold last week, but still went to work. You can sit at the front or stand at the back. I don't mind.

This is not normally possible in subordinate clauses. Compare the following:

She was anxious and unhappy and didn't know where her husband was. She was anxious and unhappy because she didn't know where her husband was. (NOT: She was anxious and unhappy because didn't know where her husband was.)

If / when / because / since / even though / etc (subordinating conjunctions) Words like if, when, because, since, although, etc, are subordinating conjunctions which introduce subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are dependent on the main clause in some way and do not normally stand alone. Note the way in which subordinating conjunctions also give meaning to the sentence: * if suggests a condition * when / whenever indicate time * while suggests time or contrast of surprising facts * because points to reason * since suggests reason or time * as suggests reason or time * although / though / even though all indicate a contrast of surprising facts

Compare the following examples of use and note the way the same conjunction (e.g. while, since, as) can be used for different purposes. Subordinating clauses of this kind can normally go first or last in the sentence, depending on what you want to emphasize:

If you feel thirsty or hungry, help yourself to anything at all in the fridge or freezer. Help yourself to anything at all in the fridge or freezer, if you feel hungry or thirsty. While they were away, I helped myself to an ice-cold beer and a pizza from the freezer. I helped myself to an ice-cold beer and a pizza from the freezer while they were away. Whenever I babysit at their house, I am always very well looked after. I am always very well looked after whenever I babysit at their house. When I babysat for the Robinsons last month, I was given nothing to eat or drink. I was given nothing to eat or drink when I babysat for the Robinsons last month. While I am fond of their children, I think the parents are very mean. (BUT NOT: I think the parents are very mean while I am fond of their children) Since I started working full-time, I don't have so much time now for babysitting. I don't have so much time now for babysitting since I started working full-time. Because / since / as I work six days a week, I can't even find time to see my friends. I can't even find time to see my friends as I work six days a week. As I was leaving work the other day, I bumped into an old friend. I bumped into an old friend as I was leaving work the other day.

Although I am happy with my life, I think I should try and get out more. I think I should try and get out more, even though I am happy with my life. V. as or while We can use as or while to talk about two longer actions that are in progress at the same time:

There was a lot to do. While I cleaned the car, my wife was preparing lunch. She then did the ironing after lunch as I cleared away the dishes.

As a general rule, we tend to use while here rather than as because as has many different meanings and uses. It could be confusing if as meaning while could be mistaken for as meaning because:

As I was doing my homework, my mum prepared my supper. (As = because)

As I was doing my homework, my mum prepared my supper. (As = while) as or when We use as or when to talk about two short events that happen at the same moment. As and when are often used with just in this context. We cannot use while here:

The telephone rang just when / just as I was about to leave. I decided not to answer it.

However, if we want to say that when one thing changes another changes at the same time, when one is the consequence of the other, we tend to use as:

As the day wore on, it became hotter and hotter.

As you get older, it becomes more and more difficult to make friends. as long as: expressing time The as ... as construction is used when we are making comparisons and comparing ideas of similar magnitude or duration

There was extra time, so the football match lasted as long as the concert. He worked for as long as he wanted to on the project. "Take as long as you like," they said. "There's no hurry!" As long as I live, I shall smoke no more cigarettes.

as long as: expressing condition Note that as long as is also used in conditional sentences as an alternative to provided, meaning if and only if. So long as is also possible in this context:

I don't mind. You can leave early, as long as you finish the work. I don't mind. You can go home early, so long as you finish the work.

I don't mind. You can leave after lunch, provided you finish all the work. on a ... basis

The noun basis suggests a particular method or system for organising or doing something. We have the expressions on a/an hourly/daily/monthly/annual/temporary/permanent basis:

These toilets are checked for cleanliness on an hourly basis She thought she would have the job on a permanent basis, but it turned out to be temporary. This place is known as 'the windy city' and typhoons are expected on a regular basis.

on the basis of / as a basis for Here we have two further expressions with basis with a slightly different meaning. Used with the preposition on, method or system is suggested. Used with the preposition as, ideas, facts or actions from which something can develop is suggested:

The contract was awarded on the basis of cost more than anything else.

These preliminary talks will be very useful as a basis for further negotiations. 'as' and 'like' - prepositions As refers to something or someone's appearance or function. Consider the following examples:

'Before I became a teacher I worked as a waiter.' 'I'm going to the fancy dress party as Superman.' 'The sea can be used as a source of energy.'

The expression 'I've been working as a dog' sounds unusual because it suggests that you were doing the work of a dog! Like has the meaning 'similar to' and is used when comparing things. Look at these examples:

'Ive been working like a dog.' 'She looks a bit like her brother.' 'Just like you, Im always a bit wary of large dogs.'

The expression 'I've been working like a dog' is idiomatic and means that you have been working very hard. Note that we can use adverbs of degree, such as just, very, quite, not much, not at all, a bit, etc, to modify like: 'Hes very serious not at all like his father, perhaps more like his mother at times 'as' and 'like' - conjunctions

As and like can also be used as conjunctions: As means 'in the same way that'. Consider the following:

'I always drink tea without milk, just as they do on the continent.' 'Try to keep your balance on the tightrope, as I do, by spreading out your fingers like this.' 'The first ten days of July were very wet this year, as they were last year and the year before.'

In informal English, like is used in the same way. This is particularly common in American English. Consider the following:

'Nobody else would look after you like I do, baby!' 'She needs the money, like I do, so she works in a bar in the evenings.'

'I hope youre not going to be sick again, like you were when we went to Brighton. Gyonggu Shin from South Korea writes: I would like you to talk about the difference between to + infinitive and in order to + infinitive. In these two sentences: a) I went to school to study. b) I went to school in order to study. (b) seems to be all right, though perhaps you do not say it. to / in order to. / so as to. You are right, Gyonggu. If we use in order to it sounds a bit more formal and explicit than to by itself, but both are equally possible in both spoken and written English. They both convey exactly the same meaning when expressing purpose:

To cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first. In order to cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first.

In order to is normal before a negative infinitive. We do not usually use to by itself here:

In order not to oversleep, I set the alarm for seven oclock.

I walked very slowly across the room with the drinks in order not to spill them.

We can also use so as to instead of in order to and it carries the same degree of explicitness or formality:

We moved house last year so as to be closer to our children and grandchildren. I gave him a cheque in advance to ease his financial problems and so as not to delay the building work.

Before stative verbs like know, seem, appear, understand, have, etc, it is more usual to use in order to or so as to:

I talked to them both for half an hour so as to have a thorough understanding of the problem.

I followed her around all day in order to know whether she had any intention of meeting him. So that.../ in order that ... These structures are also frequently used to talk about purpose, although so that is more common and less formal than in order that. Note that these structures are normally used with (modal) auxiliary verbs. Compare the following:

Hes staying on in Australia for nine more months so that he can perfect his English. Hes staying on in Australia for nine more months in order to perfect his English. Were going to leave by three so that we dont get stuck in the rush-hour traffic. Were going to leave by three so as not to get stuck in the rush-hour traffic. Jamie had an afternoon nap so that he wouldnt fall asleep at the concert later. Jamie had an afternoon nap in order not to fall asleep at the concert later. In order that you may pass the exam, we recommend you read through all your notes. (Very formal.)

In order to pass the exam, we recommend you read through all your notes. (Less formal.) Note that in informal colloquial English, that may be omitted from the so that construction. Listen out for this variation, though I wouldnt recommend that you use it:

Ill come early so we can have a good chat before Denise arrives. Ive bought a video camera so I can film the children as they grow up.

We shall wear warm clothes when we go camping in October so we dont get cold.