CHEMISTRY TEST NUCLEAR PARTS A &

1. Atoms that have unstable nuclei and will change into a different atom are said to be:

A. Fluorescent; B. Isotopes; C. Radioactive; D. Colorful

2. A low energy electromagnetic radiation is:

A. Gamma rays; B. Radiowaves; C. X-rays; D. Visible light

3. Electromagnetic radiation that comes from outer space is:

A. Microwaves; B. Infrared rays; C. Gamma rays; D. Cosmic rays

4. Low energy electromagnetic radiation also has:

A. Low frequency, short wavelength; B. Low frequency, long wavelength;

C. High frequency, short wavelength; D. High frequency, long wavelength

5. Electromagnetic radiation moves through space as a wave of packages of energy called:

A. Photons; B. Phasers; C. Ions; D. Lasers

6. Radiation that "rips" electrons off of atoms to produce free radicals is called ____ radiation.

A. Exciting; B. Nonionizing; C. Cathode; D. Ionizing

7. Who discovered X-rays while studying fluorescence of minerals?

A. Geiger; B. Roentgen; C. Becquerel; D. Curie

8. Who discovered radioactivity by accident?

A. Rutherford; B. Becquerel; C. Marie Curie; D. Geiger

9. This person showed that radioactivity consists of 2 particles and a form of energy.

A. Pierre Curie; B. Rutherford; C. Becquerel; D. Geiger

10. Alpha particles have ____ charge.

A. Positive; B. Negative; C. No

11. Which is NOT a conclusion that Rutherford made from the gold foil experiment?

A. A atom is mostly space; B. The nucleus is very tiny; C. Electrons surround the nucleus; D. The
nucleus is negatively charged

12. Which atomic particle is described as being positively charged with a relative mass of 1?

A. Neutron; B. Positron; C. Proton; D. Electron

13. The identity of an element is determined by its number of:

A. Electrons; B. Neutrons; C. Protons + neutrons; D. Protons

14. Atoms of the same element with different masses are called:

A. Isotopes; B. Radioactive; C. Semiconductors; D. Transuranium

15. The atomic mass of strontium is 87.62 grams. The most common isotope of strontium is:

A. Sr-87; B. Sr-88; C. Sr-62; D. It can not be determined

16. A device for detecting ionizing radiation that produces clicks is the:

A. Scintillation counter; B. Geiger counter; C. Film badge;

D. Cloud chamber

17. Which radiation has the poorest penetration?

A. Alpha particles; B. Beta particles; C. Gamma rays; D. Delta rays

18. A beta particle is a/an:

A. Electron; B. Helium nucleus; C. Proton; D. Hydrogen nucleus

19. Which radiation can be stopped by a piece of metal foil?

A. Alpha particle; B. Beta particle; C. Gamma rays; D. X-rays

20. The product of a decay reaction has a mass that has decreased by 4. What type of decay
occurred?

A. Gamma decay; B. Fission; C. Alpha decay; D. Beta decay

21. The product of a nuclear decay did not change mass or atomic number. What type of decay
occurred?

A. Fusion; B. Alpha decay; C. Gamma decay; D. Beta decay

22. The product of a radioactive decay is always non-radioactive.

A. True; B. False

23. The half life of a radioisotope is 3 days. If you started with 600 mg of material, how much
would be left in 15 days?

A. 18.75mg; B. 75 mg; C. 37.5 mg; D. Can not determine

24. You start with 800 grams of a radioisotope. In 36 hours, there are 100 grams left. What is the
half-life of this radioisotope?
A. 3 hours; B. 12 hours; C. 22 hours; D. 10 hours

25. The changing of one element into another by a nuclear reaction is called:

A. Transmutation; B. Transuranium; C. Decomposition; D. Combustion

26. Who made the first nonradioactive artificial isotope?

A. Rutherford; B. Curies; C. Becquerel; D. Geiger

27. Who made the first radioactive artificial isotope?

A. Rutherford; B. Curies; C. Becquerel; D. Geiger

28. Hitting a stable nucleus with a high speed particle to produce a heavier nucleus is called:

A. Fission; B. Combustion; C. Bombardment; D. Replacement

29. The particle that is fired at the target nucleus is called a:

A. Target; B. Product; C. Ejected particle; D. Bullet

30. To balance a nuclear reaction, the mass number on both sides of the equation must be equal but
the atomic number can be different.

A. True; B. False

Complete the following chart.

isotope isotope atomic mass

protons neutrons electrons
symbol name number number
hydrogen-2
49 67
85 210
Ac 228
Write and balance the following nuclear reactions:

31. The beta decay of U-235

32. The alpha decay of Bi-210

33. 4 He + 14 N --> 1 H + ______

34. 99 Tc --> 99 Tc + _____