LTE

: Technology & Market

New York, 2011.10.07
Dr. Hyung G. Myung,
LTE
Outline
1
Technology
Challenge
Market
LTE: Long Term Evolution
Standardized by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).
3GPP is a partnership of 6 regional standards organizations.
ARIB (Japan)
ATIS (USA)
CCSA (China)
ETSI (Europe)
TTA (South Korea)
TTC (Japan)
2
3GPP Evolution
Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA
Rel-5 (2002): HSDPA
Rel-6 (2005): HSUPA
Rel-7 (2007) and beyond: HSPA+
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3GPP work on the Evolution started in November 2004.
Standardized in the form of Rel-8 (Dec. 2008).
LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)
More bandwidth (up to 100 MHz) and backward compatible with LTE.
Standardized in the form of Rel-10 (Mar. 2011).
Meets IMT-Advanced requirements: Real 4G.
3
LTE Standardization Status
4
Rel. 8

LTE
Source: 3GPP
2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2013
Release 10
LTE-A
Release 9
Enhancements to LTE
Release 11
LTE-A
Commercialization Status
31 commercially launched LTE networks (GSA, Aug. 31, 2011)
TeliaSonera: Worlds first commercial LTE network launched in Dec.
2009 in Stockholm and Oslo.
36.1Mbps avg DL, 23ms avg latency in real world measurement (Epitiro )
Verizon Wireless: US commercial LTE network launched in Dec. 2010
in 38 cities and 60 airports.
500,000 subscribers at the end of Q1, 2011
Sold 1.2 million LTE devices during Q2, 2011
NTT DOCOMO: Launched in Dec. 24, 2010 in the Tokyo, Nagoya, & Osaka
areas.
5
Key Features: Wider Bandwidth
Demand for higher data rate is leading to
utilization of wider transmission bandwidth.





6
GSM IS-95 UMTS/WCDMA LTE LTE-Advanced
200 kHz
1.25 MHz
5 MHz
20 MHz
100 MHz
2
log 1 [bits per second]
S
C BW
N
| |
= +
|
\ .
Signal
power
Noise
power
Channel
bandwidth
Key Features: Flat IP Architecture
7
NB: NodeB (base station)
RNC: Radio Network Controller
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
RNC RNC
SGSN
GGSN
NB NB NB NB
UTRAN
* 3GPP TS 36.300
eNB
MME
S-GW/P-GW
MME
S-GW/P-GW
S1
X2
E-UTRAN
EPC (Evolved Packet Core)
eNB eNB
eNB
eNB: E-UTRAN NodeB
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: PDN (Packet Data Network) Gateway
* 3GPP TS 36.300
3G UMTS 4G LTE
Key Features: MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Spatial diversity improves signal quality (SNR).
Spatial multiplexing provides parallel spatial streams.





8
Transmitter Receiver
MIMO channel
Key Features
Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz (100 MHz for LTE-A)
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDM/OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Support for both FDD and TDD spectrums
Active interference avoidance and coordination
Peak data rate (theoretical max., TR 25.912)
Downlink (DL): 326.4 Mbps (20 MHz, 4x4 MIMO, 64-QAM)
Uplink (UL): 86.4 Mbps (20 MHz, no MIMO, 64-QAM)
9
LTE Device Category
10
Category 1 2 3 4 5
Peak rate
(Mbps)
DL 10 50 100 150 300
UL 5 25 50 50 75
Source: 3GPP
RF bandwidth 20 MHz
Modulation
DL QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
UL QPSK, 16-QAM
QPSK, 16-
QAM, 64-
QAM
2 Rx diversity Assumed in performance requirements.
2x2 MIMO (DL) X O
4x4 MIMO (DL) X O
LTE-Advanced
Peak data rate (requirement)
More than 1 Gbps DL and 500 Mbps UL
Spectrum
Up to 100 MHz bandwidth
Support for non-consecutive bands (spectrum aggregation)
Lower latency
Better interference management
11
Enabling Technologies of LTE-A
Release 10 (Completed in Mar. 2011)
Carrier aggregation
Spectrum bonding
Enhanced MIMO
Heterogeneous network (HetNet)
Macro-cell + small-cell
Relaying
Release 11 (To be completed in Dec. 2012)
Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and reception
Advanced inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC)
12
LTE
Outline
13
Technology
Challenge
Market
LTE Market Adoption
14
LTE FDD

LTE TDD
(TD-LTE)
TD-SCDMA
EV-DO (3GPP2) UMTS (3GPP)
WiMAX
AT&T, Vodafone
China Mobile
Verizon Wireless
Clearwire, Yota
Operators
174 LTE network commitments in 64 countries
63 additional pre-commitment operator trials
31 commercially launched LTE networks
91 commercial services by the end of 2012 (estimated)
15
Source: Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA), Aug. 31, 2011
Devices
16
63
41
29
10
8
8
2
Routers
Dongles
Modules
Notebooks
Smartphones
Tablets
PC cards
161 Commercial LTE Devices
Source: GSA, Jul. 29, 2011
LTE
Outline
17
Technology
Challenge
Market
Challenges: Spectrum Fragmentation
18
E-UTRA
Operating
Band
Uplink (UL) operating band
BS receive
UE transmit
Downlink (DL) operating band
BS transmit
UE receive
Duplex
Mode
FUL_low FUL_high FDL_low FDL_high
1 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
2 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz 1755 MHz 2110 MHz 2155 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz 849 MHz 869 MHz 894MHz FDD
6
1
830 MHz 840 MHz 875 MHz 885 MHz FDD
7 2500 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2690 MHz FDD
8 880 MHz 915 MHz 925 MHz 960 MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHz FDD
10 1710 MHz 1770 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz 1447.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz 1495.9 MHz FDD
12 699 MHz 716 MHz 729 MHz 746 MHz FDD
13 777 MHz 787 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz FDD
14 788 MHz 798 MHz 758 MHz 768 MHz FDD
15 Reserved Reserved FDD
16 Reserved Reserved FDD
17 704 MHz 716 MHz 734 MHz 746 MHz FDD
18 815 MHz 830 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz FDD
19 830 MHz 845 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz FDD
20 832 MHz 862 MHz 791 MHz 821 MHz
21 1447.9 MHz 1462.9 MHz 1495.9 MHz 1510.9 MHz FDD

23 2000 MHz 2020 MHz 2180 MHz 2200 MHz FDD
24 1626.5 MHz 1660.5 MHz 1525 MHz 1559 MHz FDD
25 1850 MHz 1915 MHz 1930 MHz 1995 MHz FDD
...
33 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz TDD
34 2010 MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz TDD
35 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz TDD
36 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz TDD
37 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz TDD
38 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz TDD
39 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz TDD
40 2300 MHz 2400 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz TDD
41 2496 MHz 2690 MHz 2496 MHz 2690 MHz TDD
42 3400 MHz 3600 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz TDD
43 3600 MHz 3800 MHz 3600 MHz 3800 MHz TDD
Note 1: Band 6 is not applicable.

Source: TS 36.104
> 30 !!!
Challenges: Spectrum Fragmentation
19
Spectrum band
(MHz)
North
America
Latin
America
Asia
Pacific
Western
Europe
Eastern
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
700+1800
Popular LTE Band Combinations by Region (Ideally)
Challenges: Spectrum Fragmentation
20
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Spectrum band
(MHz)
North
America
Latin
America
Asia
Pacific
Western
Europe
Eastern
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
700+1800
700+2100
700+2600
800+1800
800+2600
800+1800+2600
900+1800
1800+2600
2100+2600
2300+2600
Popular LTE Band Combinations by Region
Challenges: Legacy Voice
1G ~ 3G: Circuit-switched (CS) voice
LTE: Packet-based
How do you deal with CS voice in LTE?
VoLTE (Voice over LTE) using IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
CS Fallback: Fall back to 2G/3G for CS voice
Dual radio: CS voice + packet data simultaneously
OTT (Over-The-Top) VoIP: Skype, etc.
21
Challenges: Competition from HSPA
HSPA
Mature technology
CS Voice & packet data
Up to 42 Mbps using dual-carrier & 64-QAM
With MIMO and multi-carrier, can achieve peak rate comparable to LTE.
Nokia Siemens Demos HSPA at 336 Mbps - PC World, Sep. 27, 2011
22
Challenges
Advanced network topology
HetNet, CoMP, & Relay
Interference management
Killer app
Innovative billing
23
Summary
24
LTE is h--------------------ere.
There are many challenges.
We will see widely different deployment strategies.
Questions? Thank you!

New York, 2011.10.07
Dr. Hyung G. Myung,