TIUSYEN IBNU SINA ANSWER SCHEME

CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Step 1 1 Sulphur + oxygen heat gas P

step 2 gas Q

sulphuric acid Diagram 1

oleum

The industrial process in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid is represented by Diagram 1.

(a) Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid

Contact Process (b) Name gas P and gas Q Gas P is sulphur dioxide and Gas Q is sulphur trioxide (c) Write a balanced equation for step 1. S + O2 SO2

(d) Write a balanced equation for step 2. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g).

(e) Name the catalyst involved in step 2. Vanadium (V) oxide . (f) Why gas Q is not dissolved directly in water to produce sulphuric acid? The reaction produces very high amount of heat . g) Explain how sulphuric acid is formed from sulphur dioxide. Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum. Then, oleum is dissolved in water to form sulphuric acid.

h) Sulphur dioxide gas, SO2 released in air, dissolves in rain water to form acid rain.
i) Write a chemical equation when sulphur dioxide reacts with water. 2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 ii) What is one of the effects of acid rain on the environment?

TIUSYEN IBNU SINA ANSWER SCHEME

CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Destroys properties such as building and statues/ Reduces pH of soil/ Reduces pH of water and kills aquatic life iii) State two uses of sulphuric acid . To manufacture fertilizer/ To manufacture electrolytes in lead-acid batteries To manufacture detergent or any other suitable answer

Nitrogen gas is used to produce ammonia in industry .

(a) Name the industrial process in the production of ammonia.

Haber Process (b) State the ratio of nitrogen gas to hydrogen gas in the process. 1:3 (c) Name the catalyst used in the process. Iron(filing)

(d) State the optimum temperature and pressure used for this process.
450-500oC at 200 atm (e) Write a balanced equation for this process. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

(f) State two uses of ammonia. To manufacture nitric acid To manufacture fertilizer To manufacture explosives or any other suitable answer (g) Both ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 and urea (NH2)2CO are fertilizers produced from ammonia . Between the two types of fertilizer, which is a better fertilizer ? Explain ( relative atomic masses N = 14, O= 16, C =12 , H = 1) urea = 2 x 14 X 100% 60 X 100% 80

= 46.67% Ammonium nitrate = 2 x 14

TIUSYEN IBNU SINA ANSWER SCHEME

= 35.00 %

CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Urea is a better fertilizer as it has higher percentage of nitrogen

3.

Table 1 shows five types of manufactured substances and their examples. Manufactured substances Alloy Glass Composite matter Polymer Ceramic Table 1 Example Bronze Fused glass Fibre glass Polyvinyl chloride Vase

(a)

Explain why bronze is stronger and tougher than pure copper. The presence of atoms of tin disrupt the orderly arrangement of atoms in copper. Tin atoms prevent the layer of copper atom from sliding over each other.

(b)

Draw the arrangement of atoms in bronze. Label and name the atoms .

Copper tin

(c)

Draw a labeled set-up of apparatus used to compare the hardness of copper and bronze

TIUSYEN IBNU SINA ANSWER SCHEME

CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

(d) Pewter is another alloy used in making ornaments. (i) Name the main metal used in making pewter Tin (ii) State the aim of alloying in d(i). To improve the appearance of metal surfaces (e) Composite materials are formed by combining two or more different materials. (i) Name the two materials added together to produce fibre glass. Plastic and glass (ii) State one use of fibre glass To make helmet/ to make racket/ to make boat hull (iii) Photochromic glass is a type of glass sensitive to light intensity. Name the compound added to normal glass to produce photochromic glass. Silver chloride/silver bromide f) (i) Give one use of fused glass. To make telescope mirror/ to make optical fibre/ to make laboratory glassware (ii) What is the main component of fused glass. Silicon dioxide

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

(iii) State one type of glass other than fused glass and state its use. soda-lime glass : to make bottles/window panes/mirror/light bulb //Borosilicate glass : to make laboratory apparatus/ cooking utensil/ // Lead glass : to make crystal glassware/lens/prism g) Diagram shows a part of molecular structure of Polychloroethene (polyvinylchloride)

H C H

H C Cl

H C H

H C Cl
Diagram 2

H C H

H C Cl

(i) Draw the structure of its monomer

(ii) Polychloroethene (Polyvinylchloride) is often used as water pipes at home. State one advantage of using this type of pipe compared to metal pipes. It does not rust (iii) Polychloroethene (Polyvinyl chloride) can cause environmental pollution. Explain Polychloroethene (Polyvinyl chloride ) is not biodegradable // cannot be decomposed by bacteria h)

Diagram 2 Diagram 2 Diagram 2 shows a picture of some pots made of ceramic. Ceramic are made of clay.

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CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

i) Name the main component of clay kaolin/hydrated aluminium silicate ii) State the properties of each of the following ceramic: spark plug lining of furnace : electrical insulator : heat insulator

4.

1 mol dm-3 of substance X

-3

1 mol dm of ammonium hydroxide

Ammonium sulphate solution

Ammonium sulphate crystal

Step 1

heat Step 2 Diagram 3

Step 3

Diagram 3 shows the steps in the preparation of ammonium sulphate in the laboratory. a) Name the substance X used in step 1 Sulphuric Acid b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction in step 1 2 NH4OH + c) H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2 H2O

In step 2, the ammonium sulphate crystal is not evaporated until dry. Why? Ammonium sulphate decomposes when heated

d)

In step 3, ammonium sulphate crystal is filtered, washed and dried. How do we dry the crystals formed?.

TIUSYEN IBNU SINA ANSWER SCHEME

CHEMISTRY MODULE 11A MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

The crystal is pressed between two filter papers. e) Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate. ( relative atomic masses N = 14, O= 16 , H = 1) Ammonium sulphate = 2 x 14 = 21.21% 5 monomer Amino acid Y ethene The table shows some monomer and its polymer. a) What is meant by polymer? Polymer is a long-chained molecule formed from many monomers b) Name polymer X Protein c) (i) Name the monomer Y Glucose (ii) Name other polymer made from monomer Y Cellulose d) i) Name polymer Z Polyethene ii) Draw the structure of polymer Z Polymer X starch Z X 100% 132