ELEC1300 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1 Lecture 1

ELEC1300 2008

Course presenters
Lecturers: Brett Ninness Brett.Ninness@newcastle.edu.au Adrian Wills Adrian.Wills@newcastle.edu.au

Tutor/Lab. Demonstrator/Help desk: Fernando Martinez Fernando.Martinez@newcastle.edu.au Room: EE102 Phone: 49216149
ELEC1300 2008

ELEC1300 Web Pages

http://blackboard.newcastle.edu.au Need to login username is: cstudentnumber

password is: the 4 access keys on your student card + the rst 4 gures of your birthday (ddmm)

Used for Download of lecture slides Discussion Forum Communicating grades

ELEC1300 2008

Blackboard Web Pages

ELEC1300 2008

Blackboard Web Pages

ELEC1300 2008

Blackboard Web Pages

ELEC1300 2008

Course Timetable

ELEC1300 2008

Lectures

Lecture one per week in MCTH (where you are now) Wednesdays: 14:00 17:00

Lectures will closely follow the text book: Title: Circuit Analysis, Theory and Practice Authors: Robbins & Miller (3rd or 4th edition) Publishers: Delmar Thompson Learning Cost around $100 One copy (3rd edition) and two copies (2nd edition) of the text are held in the reserve/short loan collection

ELEC1300 2008

Tutorials

1 hour, once per each week, starting this week (week 1)! 8 tutorial/lab groups - 20 students per group. Check ELEC1300 time table for locations/times You MUST register into one of the above groups ASAP using the University's tutorial registration system which can be found at:

http://studinfo2.newcastle.edu.au/rego/stud_choose_login.cfm

ELEC1300 2008

Laboratories

1 hour approximately every 2nd week - see schedule. Total of 6 laboratories worth 20% of course mark. Labs are NOT worth the same marks. Laboratory groups same as tutorial groups. Laboratories immediately after tutorials. By lab 2 you MUST enter the EE Lab Induction subject on blackboard and successfully complete the on-line quiz. Full information on lab safety required to pass is at:

http://www.eng.newcastle.edu.au/eecs/ect/oh&s/index.html
ELEC1300 2008

Method of assessment
2 Quizzes 6 Laboratories Final Exam 30% 20% 50%

To pass requires: Overall mark via above weightings > 50% Laboratory mark > 50%

ELEC1300 2008

Course material: Quizzes

Two quizzes. Each quiz 2 hours long. Held in Wed 2-4pm lecture time. Questions based on tutorials.

ELEC1300 2008

Course Schedule

ELEC1300 2008

Course Schedule

ELEC1300 2008

ELEC1300 Workbook
Available for download off blackboard and for purchase from Uprint - start of week 2. Included: Course information and timetable Assessment details Standard Electrical Notation Tutorial & additional questions, Laboratory notes. Introductory tutorial to Electronic Workbench Past quiz and nal examination papers

ELEC1300 2008

Further Reference texts

References (placed in short loans) Floyd - Principles of Electric Circuits Dorf - Introduction to Electric Circuits (used in 2nd year) Hambley - Electrical Engineering Johnson - Electric Circuit Analysis

ELEC1300 2008

ELEC1300 Course Organisation

Questions?

ELEC1300 2008

Course Content

Fundamental concepts of electrical and electronic circuits

Behaviour of basic circuit elements. Response in steady state (D.C.) Response to sine wave excitation (A.C.) Transient response (switching) Prediction and analysis of all voltages and currents Analysing power ow Three phase systems

Arguably the most fundamental electrical engineering course

ELEC1300 2008

Measurement Units : The SI system

SI system = metric system plus the electrical and magnetic units. Some of the main basic SI units are:
ELEC1300 2008

Length - meter (m) Mass - kilogram (kg) Time - second (s) Electric Current - ampere (A) Electric Voltage - volt (V) Temperature - kelvin (K)

Force - Newton (N)

Further SI Units

1 newton is about the force required to lift about a 0.1 kg weight.

Energy - Joule (J) 1J is the energy required to lift about a 0.1 kg weight to a height of 1m

Power - Watt (W) Power is the rate of change of energy. Therefore: Energy(J) = Power(W) x time(s)

Raising a 0.1 kg weight to a height of 1m in 1s requires a power of 1 W.

ELEC1300 2008

10

Even Further SI units

ELEC1300 2008

Magnitudes

The magnitudes of variables and parameters associated with electrical systems vary enormously e.g. the output power of a radio telescope receiver may be as small as 0.00000005 W e.g. the output power of a power station generator may be as high as 1,000,000,000 W

Accommodate these large dynamic ranges by using exponential power of ten notation.

ELEC1300 2008

11

Used to handle very large and very small numbers.

Power of ten notation

Examples (Scientic Notation - only one whole number digit in mantissa)

Examples (Engineering Notation - exponent is a multiple of 3)

ELEC1300 2008

Engineering Notation
Names associated with power of 3 exponent

Examples

ELEC1300 2008

12

Multiplication & Division

To multiply numbers in power of 10 notation, multiply their base numbers, then add their exponents.

To divide numbers in power of 10 notation, divide their base numbers, then subtract their exponents (top - bottom):

ELEC1300 2008

Addition & subtraction

To add or subtract, rst adjust all numbers to the same power of ten. It does not matter what exponent you choose, as long as they are all the same. Examples are:

ELEC1300 2008

13

Powers - Integer and Fractional

Raising a number to a power is a form of multiplication

Fractional powers represent roots

ELEC1300 2008

Electric Charge

Atom: nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by orbiting electrons. Electrons have negative charge, protons are positive charge. (Uncharged) atoms have an equal number of electrons and protons

atom

ELEC1300 2008

14

Electric charge

Objects become charged when they have an excess or deciency of electrons. Negative charge = excess of electrons Positive charge = deciency of electrons The unit of charge is the Coulomb (C) 1 coulomb is the charge carried by 6.241018 electrons. Generally the symbol Q is used for charge

ELEC1300 2008

Current
The movement of charge is called current. Current is measured in Amperes Amperes measure current as the rate of change of charge

One Ampere of current ow is dened as being the movement of one Coulomb of charge in one second.

ELEC1300 2008

15

Voltage
Charge generates an electrostatic eld Moving an electron within this eld requires energy This work is called potential difference, and is measured in volts If one Joule is required to move one Coulomb of charge between two points, then the potential difference between those points is 1 volt. 1 Volt can also be dened as the potential difference between two points when 1 ampere generates one watt of power dissipation

ELEC1300 2008

A voltage source consumes energy and produces a potential difference A battery converts chemical energy to potential difference. A power station generator converts mechanical energy to potential difference. A solar panel converts the energy in electromagnetic radiation to potential difference.

Voltage Source

Circuit symbols for voltage sources:

ELEC1300 2008

16

Conventional Current Flow

Is the assumption that charge ows out of the positive terminal of voltage source. In metals, charge is carried by electrons, which actually ow in the reverse direction.

Direction of current

ELEC1300 2008

Constant or D.C. voltage source

The battery voltage (or the output of an ideal D.C. voltage source) is a time invariant or constant or D.C. voltage. Its magnitude stays constant as time elapses.

ELEC1300 2008

17

Time varying and A.C. voltage sources

ELEC1300 2008

Resistance
Depending on the nature of a conductor, a certain amount of potential difference measured in Volts will be required to establish a given rate of charge ow measured in Amperes The ratio between the two is the electrical resistance of the conductor measured in Ohms

The above formula applies for very many conductors It is called Ohms Law Probably the most fundamental equation in all of electrical engineering

ELEC1300 2008

18

Resistance

The resistance of a circuit element is a function of several factors: Type of Material Proportional to length of the Conductor Inversely proportional to cross-sectional area Temperature - can be proportional (positive temperature co-efcient) or inversely proportional (negative temperature co-efcient).

Circuit Symbol

ELEC1300 2008

Energy dissipation in resistors

Recall, denition of voltage

Recall Ohms Law Combine to get formula for power dissipation

ELEC1300 2008

19

Resistors are a vital design component

Different types of resistors are used for different applications: Molded carbon composition Carbon lm Metal lm Metal Oxide Wire-Wound Integrated circuit packages

ELEC1300 2008

Conductance
Inverse of resistance

Units are Siemens (S) or sometimes Mhos

ELEC1300 2008

20

Circuit diagrams

Electric circuits are constructed using components which are connected by electrical conductors or wires. These conductors allow charge to ow between elements. To represent these circuits on paper, diagrams are used. Three types are used:

ELEC1300 2008

pictorial, block, and schematic.

Pictorial diagrams
Visualizes the circuit by showing components as they actually appear.

ELEC1300 2008

21

Block diagrams

Circuit is broken into blocks, each representing a portion of the circuit.

ELEC1300 2008

Schematic diagrams

Components represented by abstract symbols

ELEC1300 2008

22

Open Circuits

Open Circuits

Equivalent Circuit

ELEC1300 2008

Short Circuit

Short Circuits

Equivalent Circuit

ELEC1300 2008

23

Alternate representations of a circuit

Two circuits may have the same topology, but different be arranged with a different geography Original Circuit

Equivalent Circuit
A

E2 E1 A E3 B
ELEC1300 2008

E4 E5 D C E6 B

E2

C E5 D

E3

E1

E6

E4 E

24