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ABSTRACT

A brainmachine interface is a

communicatio n system that does notdepend on the brains normal output pathways of peripheral

nerves andmuscles. It is a new communicatio n link between a functioning human brainand the

outside world.These are electronic interfaces with the brain, whichhas the ability to send and receive

signals from the brain. BMI uses brainactivity to command, control, actuate and communicate

with the worlddirectly through brain integration with peripheral devices and systems. Thesignals

from the brain are taken to the computer via the implants for dataentry without any direct brain intervention.

BMI transforms mental decisionsand/o r reactions into control signals by analyzing the

bioelectrical brainactivity. While linking the brain directly with machines was once

consideredscie nce fiction, advances over the past few years have made it increasinglyvia ble. It is an

area of intense research with almost limitless possibilities.Th e human brain is the most complex

physical system we know of, and wewould have to understand its operation in great detail to

build such a device. An immediate goal of brainmachine interface study

is to provide a way forpeople with damaged sensory/motor functions to use their brain to controlartificia

l devices and restore lost capabilities. By combining the latestdevelopm ents in computer

technology and hi-tech engineering, paralyzedperso ns will be able to control a motorized wheel chair,

computer painter, orrobotic arm by thought alone. In this era where drastic diseases are

gettingcommo n it is a boon if we can develop it to its full potential. Recenttechnica l and

theoretical advances, have demonstrated the ultimatefeasibi lity of this concept for a wide range of

space-based applications.B esides the clinical purposes such an interface would find immediateappl

ications in various technology products also.

INDEX
CHAPTER 1INTRODUC TION Page no. 1CHAPTER

2SUBJECT DETAILING 22. 1 BRAINMACHINE INTERFACE

22.2 THE HUMAN BRAIN 32.3 MAIN PRINCIPLE 42.4

ELECTROEN CEPHALOGR APHY 52.5 BMI APPROACHE S 72.6 BLOCK DIAGRAM

82.7 BLOCK DESCRIPTIO N 82.8 BMI COMPONEN TS 92.8.1

IMPLANT DEVICE 102.8.2 SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION 112.8.3 EXTERNAL

DEVICE 142.8.4 FEEDBACK 14CHAP TER 3

ADVANTAG ES 153.1 CHALLENGE S 15

CHAPTER 4APPLICATI ONS 164.1 FUTURE

EXPANSION 17CHAP TER 5

CONCLUSIO N

18REFERE NCE

19APPEN DIX

Seminar R eport - 200 4

1

1. INTRODUCTI

ON Picture a time when humans see in the UV and IR portions of theelectromag netic spectrum,

or hear speech on the noisy flight deck of anaircraft carrier; or when soldiers communicate

by thought alone. Imagine atime when the human brain has its own wireless modem so that

instead of acting on thoughts, war fighters have thoughts that act. Imagine that one daywe

will be able to download vast amounts of knowledge directly to ourbrain! So as to cut the

lengthy processes of learning everything from scratch.Instead of paying to go

to university we could pay to get a "knowledgeim plant" and perhaps be able to obtain

many lifetimes worth of knowledgeand expertise in various fields at a young age. When we

talk about high end computing and intelligent interfaces, wejust cannot ignore robotics and artificial

intelligence. In the near future, mostdevices would be remote/logicall y controlled. Researchers

are close tobreakthrough s in neural interfaces, meaning we could soon mesh our

mindswith machines. This technology has the capability to impact our lives inways that have been

previously thought possible in only sci-fi movies. BrainMachine Interface

(BMI) is a communicatio n system, whichenables the user to control special computer

applications by using only his orher thoughts. It will allow human brain to accept and control a

mechanicaldev ice as a part of the body. Data can flow from brain to the outsidemachin ery, or to brain

from the outside machinery. Different researchgroups have examined and used

different methods to achieve this. Almost allof them are based on electroencepha

lography (EEG) recorded from thescalp. Our major goal of such research is to create a

system that allowpatients who have damaged their sensory/motor nerves severely to

activateoutside mechanisms by using brain signals. Cyber kinetics Inc, a leader in neurotechnolo

gy has developed the firstimplantabl e brainmachine interface that can reliably

interpret brain signalsand perhaps read decisions made in the brain to develop a fast,

reliable andunobtrusiv e connection between the brain of severely disabled

person to apersonal computer. D ep t . of E l e ct ro ni c s & C om m u ni ca t i on C o l l eg e

o f E ng g. K i d a n g o o r

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI)

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