Assembly Language Programming

Wichit Sirichote
Applied Physics Department Faculty of Science King Mongkuts Institute of Technology Ladkrabang e-mail: kswichit@kmitl.ac.th URL: www.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit

Whats Assembly Language?

; my first program $MOD51 LED equ P1.7 CSEG AT 8000H jmp 8100h org 8100h PULSE: CPL LED NOP jmp PULSE END

-Assembler Controls -Assembler Directives -Instructions -Mnemonics -Operators

ASM51 Assembler

test.asm

asm51

test.lst test.hex

Test.asm
CSEG AT 8000H jmp 8100h org 8100h PULSE: CPL P1.7 NOP jmp PULSE END
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Test.lst
8000 8000 028100 8100 8100 B297 8102 00 8103 80FB 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 CSEG AT 8000H jmp 8100h org 8100h PULSE: CPL P1.7 NOP jmp PULSE END
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Test.hex
:03800000028100FA :05810000B2970080FBB6 :00000001FF :03 8000 00 02 81 00 FA :05 8100 00 B2 97 00 80 FB B6 :00 0000 01 FF : begin of record 03 number of byte 8000 load address 00 record type, 01 end of record
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FA byte check sum= twos complement of summing from 03 - 00

8051SBC Microprocessor Learning Board

RS232C RS485 32kB SRAM 32kB EPROM LCD connector 8051 CPU Reset 12-bit ADC 8-bit input port 8-bit output port 32kB EEPROM RTC chip Debug LED 7

8051SBC Microprocessor Learning Board

16x2 LCD

www.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit/8051sbc/8051sbc.html

8051SBC: Program Memory

FFFFH 32kB RAM 8000H 7FFFH
Interrupt vectors

64kB CSEG AT 8000H 32kB ROM

0000H

Interrupt vectors

1kB = 1024 Bytes

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8051SBC: Data Memory

FFH
Special Function Registers

DSEG AT 30H 256 Bytes

80H 7FH 30H 2FH 20H 1FH 00H

RAM Bit Addressable RAM Register Banks

128 Bytes

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8051s programming registers

A B SP DPTR R0-R7 PSW Accumulator register B Stack Pointer register Data Pointer register (16bit) general registers Program Status Word (Flag register)
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8051s programming registers

P1 Port P1 P2 Port P2 P3 Port P3 TH0 TL0 16-bit timer register TH1 TL1 16-bit timer register SCON Serial Control register SBUF Serial Buffer register
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Addressing Modes:
MOV A,#30H ;immediate mode MOV A,30H ; direct mode MOV A,R0 ; register mode MOV R0,#30H ; immediate mode MOV A,@R0 ; indirect mode MOV DPTR,#9000H ;immediate mode MOVX A,@DPTR ; indirect mode
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Addressing Modes:
MOV C, P3.2 ; bit addressing SETB P1.7 ; bit mode SJMP $ ; relative addressing MOVC A,@A+DPTR ; index mode

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Operation of Microprocessors:
CPU
Instruction Decoder CLOCK Program Counter RESET

Data Bus

Code Memory
02 81 00 82 97 00 80 FB

Address Bus Chip Enable

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Instruction Fetch & Execute Cycle:

Clock A0-A15 8000H

Chip Enable

D0-D7 Fetch

02H Execute Machine cycle Synchronous bus cycle

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Using 8051SBC for program testing

RS232C Cable

PC - Assembler -Terminal emulator

9600 8n1

8051SBC

9600 bit/sec data 8bits no parity one stop bit

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Serial Port: RS232C

TTL logic UART TxD RxD RS232 Logic TTL logic UART RxD TxD

Level converter

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter)

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Serial loading through RS232C

RS232 logic

COM1

8051SBC

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NRZ Digital Baseband

START BIT +5V 0V D0 D1 TTL NRZ signal D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 STOP BIT D7

1 bit length = 1/bit per second 1 Frame = 10 bits +10V 0V -10V RS232C signal

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Sending letter A to terminal

LOOP: MOV A,#A ; A = 41H CALL putch JMP LOOP JNB TI, $ CLR TI MOV SBUF,A RET ; TI transmitter ; empty flag ;serial buffer reg

putch:

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Sending letter A to terminal

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA ADDR:8000>_

Press RESET

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Sending string Hello to terminal

Hello
Loop: A = [MEM] if (A== eos) exit send A MEM++ jump loop

H [MEM] e l l o
eos
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Subroutine putstring
putstring: CLR A MOVC A,@A+DPTR CJNE A,#eos,string1 RET string1: CALL putch INC DPTR ; next address JMP putstring eos equ 0 ; terminator
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Subroutine putstring
Main: MOV DPTR,#hello CALL putstring JMP Main DB hello,13,10,eos

hello:

13 = 0dH is ASCII printing control code. It will move cursor back to the left most position! (Carriage Return) 10 = 0ah is Line Feed, LF. The cursor will move to new line!
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Simple delay subroutine

delay: MOV R6,#100 delay1: MOV R7,#0 Inner outer DJNZ R7,$ loop loop DJNZ R6,delay1 RET ; inner loop will be repeated 100 times! ; simple coding, but waste CPU time!

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Measuring delay period

delay: MOV R6,#100 DJNZ R6,$ RET ; we can determine delay period with simple code and a given output port! main: CPL P1.7 CALL DELAY JMP main
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Measuring delay period

P1.7 DSO P1.7

Frequency counter T = 1/f delay period = T/2

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Using Hardware Timer

16-bit Timer0: TH0 TL0
TF0 TH0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 . . 1111 1111 0000 0000 OSC 1/12 TL0 0000 0000 0 0000 0001 1 0000 0010 2 . . 1111 1111 65535 0000 0000 0
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TF0=1

Using Hardware Timer

8051SBC has 11.0592MHz oscillator. The clock frequency for timer is 11.0592MHz/12 = 921,600 Hz If we have timer0 with initial value = 0000h, TF0 will set when time equal [1/921,600Hz] x 65,536 = 0.07111 s has elapsed.
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How to set MODE for Timer0?

TMOD (89H) : Mode setting for timer TCON (88H): run/stop timer counting
GATE C/T M1 M0 Timer1 Timer0

MODE1 = 16-bit timer (M1=0,M0=1) ORL TMOD,#1 ; logical OR TMOD with 1

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How to run Timer0?

TCON (88H): run/stop timer counting

TF1

TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1

IT1

IE0 IT0

; run timer0 by setting TR0 to 1 ORL TCON,#00010000B ; or with set bit instruction SETB TCON.4
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Sample code with timer0

Main: ORL TMOD,#1 SETB TCON.4 JNB TF0,$ CLR TF0 CPL P1.7 JMP wait

wait:

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