MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE Preliminary Examination Higher 2

_______________________________________________________________________

H2 Physics
Paper 3

9646/3
20 September 2011 2 hours

_______________________________________________________________________ Class Candidate Name _____________________________ Reg Number

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This booklet contains Sections A and B of the Preliminary Examination Paper 3. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Section A Answer all questions.
Q1 Examiners Use Section A

/5 /10 /10 /10

/5 Section B

Section B Answer any two questions. In the event that all 3 questions are attempted, only the first 2 questions will be marked. You are advised to spend about one hour on each section. Write your answers on this question booklet in the blanks provided. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Marks will be deducted if units are not stated where necessary or if answers are not quoted to the appropriate number of significant figures. All working for numerical answers must be shown. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation of your answers.

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

Circle the questions you have attempted Q6 Q7 Q8 Deductions Total /80 /20 /20 /20

This question paper consists of 25 printed pages

Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

DATA AND FORMULAE Data speed of light in free space permeability of free space permittivity of free space elementary charge the Planck constant unified atomic mass constant rest mass of electron rest mass of proton molar gas constant the Avogadro constant the Boltzmann constant gravitational constant acceleration of free fall Formulae uniformly accelerated motion
3.00 x 108 m s-1

= = = =

o
0 e h u me mp R NA k G g

4 x 10-7 H m-1 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1 (1/(36)) x 10-9 F m-1 1.60 x 10-19 C 6.63 x 10-34 J s 1.66 x 10-27 kg 9.11 x 10-31 kg 1.67 x 10-27 kg 8.31 J K-1 mol-1 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2 9.81 m s-2

= = = = = = = = = =

s = v2 = = = = = = =

at2 2 u2 + 2as ut + pV

work done on/by a gas hydrostatic pressure gravitational potential displacement of particle in s.h.m. velocity of particle in s.h.m.

W p

gh
-Gm/r xo sin t vo cos t
2 2 xo - x

x v

resistors in series resistors in parallel electric potential alternating current/voltage transmission coefficient

R 1/R V x T where k

= = = = = = =

R1 + R2 + 1/R1 + 1/R2 + Q/4or xo sin t exp(-2kd)

8 m(U E ) h
2 2

radioactive decay decay constant

xo exp(-t )

0.693 t1
2

Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

Section A Answer all the questions in this section. 1 (a)

Estimate the following quantities and provide the correct units:

1. size of an atom = .. 2. speed of the fastest man on Earth = .. 3. power rating of a domestic light bulb = ...

[3]

(b)

A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire. The reading with the wire in position is shown in Fig. 1.1. The wire is removed and the jaws of the micrometer are closed. The new reading is shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2

Determine the diameter of the wire.

Diameter = . mm

[2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(a)

State the first law of thermodynamics.

. .
(b)

[1]

A mass of 1.00 kg of steam at a pressure of 1.01 105 Pa and temperature 100 oC occupies 1.67 m3 and the specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 106 J kg-1. Determine the difference between the internal energy of 1.00 kg of water and 1.00 kg of steam at a pressure of 1.01 105 Pa and a temperature of 100 oC. Density of water is taken 1000 kg m-3.

Internal energy difference = ................................ J [4]

(c)

Use the kinetic model of matter to explain why evaporation of a liquid is accompanied by cooling, unless heat is supplied to the liquid.

... ... ...

[3]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(d)

State and explain how the rate of evaporation can be increased.

... ... ... .

[2]

Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

The figure below shows the schematic of a compact mass spectrometer onboard the Mars Rover. The spectrometer comprises of a velocity selector placed within a uniform magnetic field of flux density, B = 0.100 T. Positive ions emerging from the velocity selector travel through a quarter of a circle to impinge upon a detector plate which is oriented at 45o to the vertical. The electric field strength within the velocity selector is E = 50 kV m-1 . A sample of carbon is vaporized, ionized and fed into the spectrometer.

Fig 3.1

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(i)

Show that the radius of the circular path undertaken by a positive ion emerging from the velocity selector is: mE r = qB 2 [2]

(ii)

Show that the time taken by a positive ion to hit the detector plate after leaving the velocity selector is: m t= 2qB [2]

(iii)

The carbon sample contains both 12 C and 13 C isotopes. The isotopes are singly ionized i.e. the ions have a charge of +e, and the mass of the ions are 1.99 1026 kg and

2.16 1026 kg respectively,

1.
Using the expression in 3(ii), calculate the time taken by the plate after leaving the velocity selector.
12

C ion to hit the detector

Time = . s [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

2.

Using the expression in 3(i), calculate the radii of the circular paths taken by the 12 C and 13 C ions.

R 12 C = . m R 13 C = . m

[1] [1]

3.

Hence or otherwise, determine the distance on the detector plate, between the points of impact of the 12C and 13C ions.

Distance = . m [2]

Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

4 (a)

Two coherent sources A and B of monochromatic light with wavelength are placed a distance a apart as shown in Fig 4.1. They interfere at the wall situated a distance D away from the sources where D>>a. Sources A and B are in phase. screen double slit

nth order

a
B

Fig 4.1 (i)

When the light from A and B meets at P, a nth order bright fringe is obtained.

1. State the phase difference of A and B at P.

Phase difference = . [1]

2. State the path difference of BP and AP in terms of n, and a.

Path difference = . [1]

(ii)

State the path difference for a mth order dark fringe in terms of m, and a. Path difference = . [1]

(b)

A student changed the set up in (a) by replacing the 2 sources with a single incident plane wave on a diffraction grating. The incident plane wave has an equal mixture of red and blue light only. wavelength of red = 600 nm wavelength of blue = 400 nm He observed a total of 9 colored fringes on the far wall and recorded their color and positions in Fig 4.2. Carelessly, he forgot to record the color of fringe X on Fig 4.2.

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

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fringe X blue fringe red fringe blue fringe magenta fringe blue fringe red fringe blue fringe fringe X

Fig 4.2

(i)

Suggest why the color of the central fringe is magenta.

. .
(ii)
Suggest and explain quantitatively what the color of fringe X could be. [1]

. .
(iii)
[3]

Determine the minimum possible slit separation of the diffraction grating he used for Fig 4.2.

slit separation = . m [3] 10

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(a)

Compare progressive and stationary waves in terms of

1. phase of all points within a wavelength

. .
2. energy transfer
[1]

. .
3. maximum kinetic energy of all particles within a wavelength
[1]

. .
(b)
Give reasons for the observation: Sound waves and water waves can go round corners but light waves seem to travel only in straight lines. [1]

. . . .
[2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

Section B Answer two questions in this section. 6 (a)

State the conditions for an object to be at equilibrium. . . . . [2]

(b)

Two light chords suspend a non-uniform bar such that it is maintained at rest in a horizontal position as shown in Fig. 6.1 below.

30.0 50.0
TA x mg
6.5 m

TB

Fig. 6.1
By expressing TA in terms of TB, or otherwise, calculate the value of x, the position of the centre of mass of the rod measured from the left-hand end of the bar, given that the mass of the bar is 1.0 kg.

x = .. m from the left end [4]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(c)

(i)

A bullet, with an effective cross-sectional area A, is travelling horizontally through the air with a speed v. As the bullet travels through the air, it will push a column of air directly in front of it. The air column can be taken to be initially at rest. Given that the density of air is , show that the magnitude of the force that the air acts on the bullet at this instant is given by Av2. State clearly the laws applied in your working. [3]

(ii)

State and explain whether the above expression will accurately determine the drag force of the air on the bullet in practical situations. ... .. .. .. [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(d)

A bullet of mass 0.20 kg, travels horizontally and collides perfectly inelastically with a sphere A of mass 4.0 kg, as shown in Fig. 6.2 (which is not drawn to scale). Fixed block light spring

v A
300

0.30 m

Fig. 6.2
This causes A to move up the slope to a height of 0.30 m when it comes into contact with a light spring of spring constant 10 kN m-1. A will further compress the spring by 0.20 m before coming to an instantaneous stop. You may assume that the flat surface and the slope are frictionless.

(i)

Determine the total mechanical energy of A and the bullet after the impact.

Total mechanical energy = .. J [3]

(ii)

Determine the speed of A and the bullet immediately after the collision

Speed = m s-1 [2] 14

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(iii)

Hence, determine the speed of the bullet just before the collision.

Speed = .. m s-1 [2]

(iv)

Explain why A will experience a rise in temperature. .. .. ... ... . [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(a)

(i)

Explain why it is possible for gravitational field strength to be zero at a point where the gravitational potential is not zero.

. . [2]

(ii)

In the table below, indicate whether the change in electric potential energy increases or decreases with increasing distance from the source charge. Change in Electrical Potential Energy with increasing distance from source charge Negative test charge Positive test charge

Positive Source Charge Negative Source Charge

[2]

(b)

(i)

ABC is a triangle in which AB = AC= BC = r. In Fig. 7.1, charges +Q and Q are placed at A and B respectively.
- Q B

A
+Q

Fig. 7.1
Draw the resultant electric field at point C in Fig. 7.1 and label it as ER.

[1]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(ii)

The charges are replaced by equal point masses placed at A and B. Draw the corresponding resultant gravitational field at point C in Fig 7.2 and label it as GR. B [1]

A C Fig. 7.2

(c)

(i)

A space vehicle together with its booster stage initially joined together, move in a circular orbit of radius R about the Earth. Assuming that Earth acts as a point mass, show that the linear speed u of the combination is given by
u= GM E R

where ME is the mass of the Earth.

[2]

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Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(ii)

The mass of the space vehicle is 2m and mass of booster is m. The space vehicle and the booster in b(i) are separated by an internal explosion such that the booster and vehicle moves in opposite direction tangentially to the orbit. The explosion allows for the space vehicle to attain the escape speed necessary for it to just reach an infinite distance from Earth.
2GME R 2. By considering conservation of momentum, determine the speed of the booster in terms of u immediately after the explosion.

1. Show that the escape speed of the space vehicle is given by

Speed of the booster = . [3]

(iii)

In terms of m and u, deduce an expression for the energy delivered by the explosion as it separates the vehicle from the booster. [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(d)

A small conducting sphere of radius R and mass m, is suspended from a very long insulating thread between metal plates PP, x distance apart. Plate P is at potential +V while plate P is at potential V as shown in Fig. 7.3.

+V

-V

Fig. 7.3 (not drawn to scale)

After being given an initial displacement, the sphere moves to one of the plates, touches it, then moves rapidly to the other, touches it and then moves to the opposite plate again. This process repeats itself such that the sphere oscillates between the plates.

(i)

Assume that the charge on the sphere behaves as if it were concentrated at the centre of the sphere, show that the charge on the sphere when it is in contact with plate P which has potential V, is given by . [2]

(ii)

Deduce an expression for the acceleration of the sphere in terms of R, V, distance x between the metal plates and m, the mass of the sphere. (Assume that the effect of gravity is negligible). [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(iii)

Show that the time taken for the sphere to move between P to P and back to P is proportional to x/V. [3]

20

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(a)

(i)

Define the ohm. ... . [1]

(ii)

Two students argue over the claim that the equation V = I R, with student A claiming it is Ohms law, whilst student B disagrees. Discuss who is correct. ... ... . [2]

(iii)

A resistor is connected to a battery with negligible internal resistance, along with an ammeter and voltmeter, as shown in the circuit below. Assume the ammeter and voltmeter are ideal. The reading on the voltmeter is 2.0 V.

V 2.0 V A
Fig 8.1
By reference to energy conversion, distinguish what the 2.0 V represents 1. across the battery and 2. across the resistor.

1. Across the battery

...

2. Across the resistor

. [2]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(b)

A capacitor (symbol

) is a device that stores electrical energy through the

separation of charge. When a capacitor and an ammeter is placed in series with the resistor in the circuit below in Fig 8.2 and the switch closed, the ammeter reading is noted to decrease with time, as shown in the graph Fig 8.3 Current

V A
time

Capacitor

Fig 8.2

Fig 8.3

As the capacitor charges, the potential difference across it builds up.

(i)

Explain how the total charge that flows through the ammeter up to time t can be obtained from the graph. ... . [1]

(ii)

Sketch and label, on the axis provided, the variation of potential difference, V across 1. the resistor 2. the capacitor [2]
V

time

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Preliminary Examination

Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

thermistor

10 V 10.0k

Fig. 8.4

Fig 8.5
(i)
A thermistor whose resistance falls as temperature rises is said to have a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), and is normally made of a semiconducting material. Explain why the resistance of the component decreases as temperature rises. ... ... . [2]

(ii)

Calculate the current in the circuit when the temperature is 20 C

Current A [2]

(iii)

Calculate the potential difference across the thermistor at 20 C

Potential difference = . V [1]

(c)

The circuit in Fig. 8.4 below has a thermistor connected in series to a 10.0 k resistor and a 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance. Fig. 8.5 shows how the resistance, Rth, of the thermistor varies with temperature.

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

(iv)

Calculate the power supplied by the battery at 20 C.

Power supplied = . W

[1]

(v)

A student suggests using another thermistor whose resistance varies from 10 to 100 in the same temperature range, and switching the 10.0 k resistance to a one of lower comparable resistance, reasoning that P = I 2R, so if resistance is decreased, so will the power dissipated. Discuss whether the student is right or wrong. ... ... . [2]

(v)

The relationship between resistance, R / and temperature, T / K is given by

Where T is the temperature in Kelvin, K. R is the resistance in Ohms, , at temperature T Ro is the resistance value at a reference temperature To is a constant, the temperature coefficient.

1.

By substituting appropriate values obtained from the graph into the equation, determine the value of the temperature coefficient, .

= . K [3]

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Meridian Junior College JC2 H2 Physics 2011

20 September 2011

2.

can be more accurately determined by plotting an appropriate linear graph and drawing a best fit trend line. This method is more accurate as it allows us to reduce random error of each reading. Suggest what graph to plot and identify how can be obtained from the graph.

............. ............. [1]

End of Paper

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