Jana Dan International School English Language Department Grade Seven Grammar

I. Structure and Grammar

1-Subjects, Predicates and Sentences: a- Simple subjects and predicates. b- Complete subjects and predicates. c- Compound subjects and predicates.

1-Subjects, Predicates and Sentences

a-Simple Subjects and Predicates:
Every sentence has two main parts: a simple subject and a simple predicate. The simple subject of a sentence is the main word that the sentence is talking about and it is always a noun or a pronoun. Example: All fishes swim. The simple predicate of a sentence is the main verb. Example: All fishes swim. Simple subject Fishes Simple predicate swim

Exercise 1:
Underline the simple subject and highlight the simple predicate in the following sentences: Example: My family ate dinner at a Mexican restaurant last night. 1) Dina came with us to the club yesterday. 2) Sarah is my best friend. 3) The moon is shining brightly in the sky tonight. 4) Noha wrote a letter to her grandma last week. 5) Mum is cooking dinner at the kitchen. 6) The firemen extinguished the fire at the mall. 7) We played football with Ammar and his friends today. 8) Juan and Julian worked so hard on their Science project. 9) A large number of swimmers competed in the race this year. 10) The old man walked weakly the rain. 11) People recycle more material nowadays than they did before. 12) The baby is crying because he is very hungry. 13) Laila forgot her Maths homework today. 14) The wild bunny hopped across the road. 15) The birds feathers were long and colorful.

b-Complete Subjects and Predicates:

Every sentence has two main parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate. The complete subject includes all words that tell who or what the subject is.

Example: The old man walked weakly in the rain. The complete predicate includes all words that state the action or condition of the subject. Example: The old man walked weakly in the rain. Complete subject The old man Complete predicate walked weakly in the rain

Exercise 2:
Underline the complete subject and highlight the complete predicate in the following sentences: 1) My elder brother Ahmad bought a new blue car. 2) Our cousin Salma write wonderful short stories. 3) The golden sun shines brightly in the sky. 4) The new Maths teacher explained the geometry lesson efficiently. 5) The colorful birds sang happily on the tree. 6) The energetic farmers plowed the potato field strongly.

7) The storm clouds are getting darker. 8) Dogs, cats, and turtles make the best pets. 9) The fair judge stated that the criminal was guilty. 10) All of the townspeople ran from the burning building. 11) His broken leg will heal in three months.

c-Compound subjects and predicates:

Some sentences have more than one subject or predicate. The compound subject is two or more simple subjects that have the same predicate[verb]. Example: Sarah and Salma played basketball yesterday. The compound predicate of a sentence is two or more simple predicates [verbs] that have the same subject. The simple predicates are connected by and, or or but. Example: Salma wrote a letter and drew a picture last night. Some sentences have compound subjects and compound predicates. Example: Ahmad and Aly visited the museum and took pictures of the antiques. Compound subject Ahmad and Aly Compound predicate visited - took

Exercise 3:
Underline the compound subject and highlight the compound predicate in the following sentences: Example 1: Volcanoes and earthquakes cause great destruction. Example 2: Farmers plant vegetables and sell them afterwards. 1) Cairo and Alexandria are two cities in Egypt. 2) Both Laila and Nada are chosen for the basketball team. 3) Smoke and car exhausts pollute the air. 4) My uncle and brother visited me in the hospital. 5) Dishes and spoons filled the table. 6) The doctor and the nurse helped the sick lady. 7) Mom prepared a tasty pie and put it in the oven. 8) They left school and went home. 9) Dad built a fence and painted it. 10) The cat chased the mouse and caught it. 11) The dog barked at the thief and bit his leg. 12) Our team scored a goal and won the game.

d-Kinds of Sentences:
1-A simple sentence : Has one subject and one predicate. Example: Sally ate an apple. 2-A compound sentence : has two or more simple sentences that are joined by and ,but or or. Example: Sally ate an apple and Kate drank juice. 3-A complex sentence: A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause [Part of the sentence depends on the other].

Example 1: If you didnt study well, you wont be able to pass the test. Example 2: Because I arrived late for the lesson, the teacher didnt allow me to enter the class.

Exercise 1: Write next to each sentence whether it is simple, compound or complex sentence: 1-I will buy a new laptop tomorrow .[____________] 2-The football player scored a goal yesterday.[__________] 3-The swings will be painted red next week.[____________] 4-Judy won a medal for her painting.[____________] 5-My sister made new decorations for her room.[_________] 6-Mrs.collins baked wonderful pies and her children ate them.[____] 7-Sarah bought the tickets and Dina got the popcorn.[_________] 8-I wanted a hot dog sandwich, but mom ordered pizza.[________] 9-If he didnt pay the money of the loan, he will go to jail.[________] 10-Because she wanted to travel to Turkey, she scrimped and saved for six months. [__________]

2-Nouns:
Noun: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing or idea. Example: Maria is a very nice child. Exercise 1: Underline the nouns in the following sentences.

1) The house is in Africa. 2) The car is old and is missing one door. 3) When will the bus arrive? 4) Excitement is in the air. 5) Happiness is the best feeling. 6) Tim, Joe, and Anton are my best friends. 7) My brother is a football player.

a- Proper and Common Nouns: A proper noun is a noun that names a specific person ,place or thing. Example: (James Edwards, England,Egypt,Dina,Cairo,Khaled ). Proper nouns should start with a capital letter. A common noun is a noun that names any person, place or thing. Example: student, city, girl, street, animal. Exercise 2: Underline each proper noun and highlight each common noun in the following sentences: 1) Shereen lives in Maadi. 2) The Jeep car is new. 3) Mahmoud is from Egypt. 4) Jaim lives at 108 Spring Street. 5) Monaco is an expensive city. 6) The Bulls won the game last night. 7) Basketball is so fun. 8) Mrs. Peach needed to know my phone number, said Juan. 9) Alamance Community College is a nice school. 10) Birds are my favorite animals.