ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS IN NURSING

MODULE 1. MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP THEORIES Answer learning activities numbers 3 an 4 on page 14. 3. Compare Theory X, Y and Z. Which one you prefer in your organization? Why? 4. Describe at least three factors that affect human behavior. Illustrate using a table a comparison of the following leadership style: a. Democratic, Authoritarian, and Laissez-faire LEADERSHIP STYLE Democratic DESCRIPTION Although democratic leaders make the final decisions, they invite other members of the team to contribute and provide input to the decision-making process. The approach can be most suitable when quality is more important ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

Increases job it can be quite satisfaction by involving team members and helps to develop skills. Team members difficult to manage when there are lots of different perspectives and ideas.Because participation takes time, this

feel in control approach can

than speed to market, or productivity.

of their own destiny, so they're motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. .

take longer.

Authoritarian

Authoritarian leaders make decisions without consulting their team members. Leaders have absolute power over their workers or team.. However, the style can remain effective because the advantages of control may outweigh the disadvantages.

This is considered appropriate when decisions genuinely need to be taken quickly, when there's no need for input, and when team agreement isn't necessary for a successful

. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the team's or the organization's best interest. Most people tend to resent being treated like this.

outcome.

Therefore, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover.

Laissez-faire

This French phrase means "leave it be," and it's used to describe leaders who leave their team members to work on their own. It can be effective if the leader monitors what's being achieved and communicates this back to the team regularly.

This type of leadership works well when individual team members are highly capable, motivated, experienced and skilled selfstarters and when what is being achieved doesn't need close monitoring or supervision.

Managers don't apply sufficient control

May arise because the leader is lazy or distracted thats why this approach can fail.

b. Transformational and Transactional TRANSFORMATIONAL

Transactional leadership This style of leadership starts with the idea that team members agree to obey their leader totally when they accept a job. The "transaction" is usually the organization paying the team members in return for their effort and compliance. The leader has a right to "punish" team members if their work doesn't meet the predetermined standard. Team members can do little to improve their job satisfaction under transactional leadership. The leader could give team members some control of their income/reward by using incentives that encourage even higher standards or greater productivity. Alternatively, a transactional leader could practice "management by exception" rather than rewarding better work, the leader could take corrective action if the required standards are not met. Transactional leadership is really a type of management, not a true leadership style, because the focus is on shortterm tasks. It has serious limitations for knowledgebased or creative work, however it can be effective in other situations. 10. Transformational leadership As we discussed earlier, people with this leadership style are true leaders who inspire their teams constantly with a shared vision of the future. While this leader's enthusiasm is often passed onto the team, he or she can need to be supported by "detail people." That's why, in many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership are needed. The transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably, while the transformational leaders look after initiatives that add new value.

TRANSACTIONAL

Which of the above leadership styles do you think your immediate manager adhere to? Support your assumption.

In your own words, define leadership.

Identify at least 3 nursing leaders and make a summary of their significant contribution in the nursing profession.

Are leaders made or born? Support your answer. According to Senge and Garner; 1990 Some people are born to lead; some are born to be led. A son of a king even from the very time that he is born is already expected to lead their people in the right time in succession of his father, it is destined for him to be a leader. But those cases apply to very few or mostly limited to royal bloods I suppose. In the new era, leaders are everywhere. A leader of a union of workers may not be born rich nor had the privilege to study in the most expensive schools yet he/she can stand a lead among his/her fellow workers in fighting for their rights. I believe that leaders are actually made rather than born. People learn from their experiences and from there they take the courage and will to make a difference, and that is to lead towards achieving a goal rather than to just sit and wait to be led. Even in the most unexpected situation, a leader can arise.

MODULE 2. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT Answer numbers 1, 3, and 5 learning activities on page 21. 1. Differentiate a leader from a manager; management from leadership.

3. 5.

Discuss how effective management could be achieved. Discuss the personal factors that affect nursing administration.

What is management for you as a nurse?

Submit 5 readings related to this module. Include your comments/ reaction and source.

MODULE 3. FOUR MAJOR MANAGEMENT PROCESS Answer learning activities 1 and 2 on page 31. 1. Discuss the guidelines in planning. 2. Analyze the different phases of planning. The phases of planning involve developing the plan, presenting the plan, and lastly, implementing and monitoring the plan. In the first phase, purpose must be initially established. Get a sample copy of different types of planning and give your analysis as to their contents. Get a sample copy of a simple budget plan and give your analysis as to its contents.

Discuss your organization or units budget preparation process.

MODULE 4. ORGANIZING Answer learning activities number 1, 2 and 3 on page 38. 1. Differentiate the principles of chain of command from the principles of unity of command; formal organization from informal organization. 2. How can stress be avoided in the workplace? 3. How can you make the work environment be conducive to promoting positive climate in fee organization. Get a copy of your workplaces organizational structure. Analyze it as to its type, advantages and disadvantages. Describe the climate of your organization/ institution. What is the significance of team building in an organization? Team building is important in an organization because it uplifts the morale of the members making them more confident and willing to share their contributions in the organization. A person becomes more dedicated to perform a role when he/she knows that his/her works are recognized or valued, a sense of self-worth among members is established. However, issues like dissatisfactions and misunderstandings must be resolved first in order to achieve a more

effective work relationship in the environment and better outcome in the organization.