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→ Functions
Humidification
Vocal resonance Osteomeatal complex
Mucus production → Contains the narrow channels that provide for
Increased olfactory area mucociliary clearnace and venulation of the anterior
Absorbs shock to the head ethmoid, maxillary, and frontal sinuses
→ Drainage and ventilation of the major paranasal sinuses
Regulation of intranasal pressure
are dependent on the patency of the osteomeatal
complex
Maxillary Sinus
→ Aka: Antrum of Highmore!
→ Pyramidal in shape located in the maxillary bone
→ Largest paranasal sinus LESSA
→ Volume: 15 mL each
→ Present at birth
→ Floor is formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla
Ethmoid sinus
→ Bony labyrinth of small air cells
→ Between the medial wall of the orbit and the middle
turbinate
→ Present at birth
→ Develop as outpocketings of the medial meatus
→ Quantity: 7-15 per side, 14 mL volume
→ Anterior drain into MIDDLE meatus
→ Posterior drain into SUPERIOR meatus
→ Lateral wall lamina papyracea
→ Medial wall middle turbinate
Frontal Sinus
→ Frontal bone
→ Arise from an expansion of an anterior air cell from the
ethmoids
→ Not present until 6 y/o
→ Volume: 6-7mL per sinus
→ Drainage is via the middle meatus
Sphenoid sinus
→ Develop as excavations into the sphenoid bone at
around 4 months of age
→ Volume: 7.5 mL per sinus
→ Ostium opens into the superior meatus through the
sphenoethmoid recess
→ Borders (please refer to your Netter or Boie’s oke? )
Anteriorly posterior ethmoids
Posteriorly pons and basilar artery
Superiorly optic chiasma, optic nerves,
hypophysis
Inferiorly nasal cavity and nasopharynx
Lateral? Surrounding? optic nerves, cavernous
sinuses, internal carotid artery
Osteomeatal Complex
→ Uncinate process
→ Maxillary ostium
→ Middle turbinate
→ Bulla ethmoidalis
→ Ethmoid infundibulum
→ Hiatus semilunaris