Conf Rails-ToR 2010

Richard Piacentini
Tunisia on Rails -15 Mai 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group
Thursday, May 20, 2010

Langage de Programmation

Framework Web

Framework Web

Framework Web ?
Ensemble de composants
Socle commun

Structure identique

Pourquoi utiliser un framework ?
Pour ne pas rinventer la roue

Pour imposer des normes...

... Et des bonnes pratiques !

Quels sont les gains ?
Productivit

Rutilisation

conomies dchelle
Focalisation sur la valeur ajoute

Les principes
DRY

DRY
Dont repeat yourself ! Dont repeat yourself !
DRY
Dont repeat yourself !

Convention over configuration

Opinionated framework
Les avantages
Ruby full-stack

MVC

MVC
Model / View / Controller

Tests intgrs !


crivez des tests !


crivez des tests !


crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !
crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !

crivez des tests !

Les composants
ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Model

Model View

Model View Controller

Model

Model
ActionPack
View Controller

Exemple

Exemple
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers
Contrleur conferenciers

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers Le contrleur interagit avec le modle
Modle Active Record

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers Le contrleur interagit avec le modle
Modle Active Record
Base de donnes

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers Le contrleur interagit avec le modle Le contrleur invoque la vue
Affichage de la vue
Modle Active Record
Base de donnes

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers Le contrleur interagit avec le modle Le contrleur invoque la vue La vue assure le rendu du prochain cran du navigateur
Affichage de la vue
Modle Active Record
Base de donnes

Exemple
Rails
Routage
http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers Le contrleur interagit avec le modle Le contrleur invoque la vue La vue assure le rendu du prochain cran du navigateur
Affichage de la vue
Modle Active Record
Base de donnes

ActiveRecord
Model

ActiveRecord
Model
Connexion au SGBD

ActiveRecord
Model
Connexion au SGBD Mapping Objet-Relationnel

ActiveRecord
Model
Connexion au SGBD Mapping Objet-Relationnel Gestion des relations entre les tables

ActiveRecord
Model
Connexion au SGBD Mapping Objet-Relationnel Gestion des relations entre les tables Plus de SQL crire
ActiveRecord
Model

ActiveRecord
user = User.new
Model

ActiveRecord
user = User.new
Model
SHOW FIELDS FROM ùsers`

ActiveRecord
user = User.new user.name = "Richard Piacentini" user.company = "Nuxos"
Model

ActiveRecord
user = User.new user.name = "Richard Piacentini" user.company = "Nuxos" user.save
Model

ActiveRecord
Model
INSERT INTO ùsers` (`name`, `company`) VALUES ('Richard Piacentini', 'Nuxos')

ActiveRecord
Model
user = User.find_by_company("Nuxos")

ActiveRecord
Model
SELECT * FROM ùsers` WHERE company = "Nuxos" LIMIT 1

ActiveRecord
Model
user.destroy

ActiveRecord
Model
user.destroy
DELETE FROM ùsers` WHERE id = 2

ActiveRecord
Model

ActiveRecord
Model
Classe
<----> Table de la BD

ActiveRecord
Model
Classe Objet
<----> Table de la BD <----> Enregistrement

ActiveRecord
Model
Classe Objet Attribut
<----> Table de la BD <----> Enregistrement <----> Champ de la table

ActiveRecord
Model
users

ActiveRecord
Model
# fichier modle app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base end
users

ActiveRecord
Model
users

ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users

ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos

ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
Objet <--> Enregistrement
ActiveRecord
Model
# fichier modle app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base end user.name

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
user.company
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
user.company
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

Classe <--> Table
user.company
Attribut <--> Champ
users
id
name Paul Durand

Richard Piacentini
company
Orange
1 2
Nuxos
ActiveRecord
Model

ActiveRecord
Model
Nom de la clef primaire : id

ActiveRecord
Model
Nom de la clef primaire : id Nom des table de la BD en minuscules et

au pluriel

ActiveRecord
Model

au pluriel Nom des classes Ruby au singulier, casse mixte

ActiveRecord
Model
au pluriel Nom des classes Ruby au singulier, casse mixte Fichiers modles au singulier, en minuscules
ActiveRecord
user_invoices id user_id amount
Model

ActiveRecord
Model
Table : user_invoices

ActiveRecord
Model
Table : user_invoices Fichier modle : app/models/user_invoice.rb

ActiveRecord
Model
Table : user_invoices Fichier modle : app/models/user_invoice.rb Classe Ruby : UserInvoice

ActiveRecord
Model
class UserInvoice < ActiveRecord::Base end
Table : user_invoices Fichier modle : app/models/user_invoice.rb Classe Ruby : UserInvoice

ActionController
Controller

ActionController
Controller
1 mthode publique = 1 action

ActionController
Controller
1 mthode publique = 1 action Gestion du routage

ActionController
Controller
1 mthode publique = 1 action Gestion du routage Gestion des caches (page, action,
fragment)

ActionController
Controller

ActionController
Controller
1 action

ActionController
Controller
1 action Plusieurs formats de rponse

ActionController
Controller
1 action Plusieurs formats de rponse

# GET /users # GET /users.xml def index @users = Users.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @users } end end
ActionController
Controller
GET /users

ActionController
Controller
GET /users

ActionController
Controller
GET /users.xml

ActionController
Controller
GET /users.xml

ActionView
View

ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu

ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone

ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone ERB, Builder, RJS

ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone ERB, Builder, RJS Gestion des layouts (gabarits)

ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone ERB, Builder, RJS Gestion des layouts (gabarits) Fichiers partiels
ActionView
View
Sparation entre format et rendu HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone ERB, Builder, RJS Gestion des layouts (gabarits) Fichiers partiels Nombreux Helpers
ActionView
View

ActionView
View
ERB : Embedded Ruby

ActionView
View
ERB : Embedded Ruby Fichier avec extension .html.erb

ActionView
View
ERB : Embedded Ruby Fichier avec extension .html.erb Accs aux variables dinstance du
contrleur

ActionView
View
# code Ruby non affich dans la page <% %>
<% @users.each |user| do %> # ici code HTML ou Ruby <% end %>

ActionView
View
# code Ruby *affich* dans la page <%= %> <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(user) %>

ActionView
View
# code Ruby *affich* dans la page <%= %> <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(user) %>
<a href="/users/1/edit">Edit</a>
Rails 3

Performance

Modularit

Scuris par dfaut

Prt pour HTML5

API publique

Nouveaux Validateurs
# Rails 2 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i end

# Rails 2 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i end # Rails 3 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end
# Rails 2 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i end # Rails 3 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end
# Rails 3 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end

# Rails 3 class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end
:acceptance => Boolean :confirmation => Boolean :exclusion => { :in => Enumerable } :inclusion => { :in => Enumerable } :format => { :with => Regexp } :length => { :minimum => Fixnum, :maximum => Fixnum } :numericality => Boolean :presence => Boolean :uniqueness => Boolean
ActiveModel

ActiveModel
class Person attr_accessor :name
end

ActiveModel
class Person attr_accessor :name include ActiveModel::Validations end

ActiveModel
class Person attr_accessor :name include ActiveModel::Validations validates :name, :presence => true end

ActiveModel
class Person attr_accessor :name include ActiveModel::Validations validates :name, :presence => true end p = Person.new

ActiveModel
class Person attr_accessor :name include ActiveModel::Validations validates :name, :presence => true end p = Person.new p.valid? # false

ActiveModel
p.name = "Richard Piacentini"

ActiveModel
p.name = "Richard Piacentini" p.valid? # true

ActiveRelation

ActiveRelation

ActiveRelation
where having select group order limit

offset joins includes lock readonly from
ActiveRelation
# Rails 2 @users = User.find(:all, :conditions => { :active => true }

ActiveRelation
La requte est excute immdiatement dans la base de donnes

ActiveRelation
Array

ActiveRelation
Array
# Rails 3 @users = User.where(:active => true)

ActiveRelation
Array
Pas dappel la base de donnes

ActiveRelation
Array

ActiveRecord::Relation (lazy loading)
Pas dappel la base de donnes

ActiveRelation
# Rails 3 @users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)

ActiveRelation
@users.class # => ActiveRecord::Relation

ActiveRelation
@users.class # => ActiveRecord::Relation
@users.to_sql
# => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE ("users"."company" = 'Nuxos') AND ("users"."active" = 't') ORDER BY created_at

ActiveRelation
@users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)
# Rails 3
# Rails 2 @users = User.all(:conditions => ["company = ? AND active

= ?", "Nuxos", true], :order => :created_at)

Named Scopes ++

Named Scopes ++
# Rails 2
class User < ActiveRecord::Base named_scope :admin, :conditions => ["is_admin = ?", true] named_scope :activated, lambda { { :conditions => ["activated_at ?", Time.now] } } end

Named Scopes ++
# Rails 2
# Rails 3
class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :admin, where("is_admin = ?", true) scope :activated, lambda { where("activated_at ?", Time.now) } end

Named Scopes ++
# Rails 2
# Rails 3

Named Scopes ++
# Rails 2
# Rails 3
@admins = User.admin.activated # => retourne tous les admin activs

Named Scope ++
# Rails3
class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :admin, where("is_admin = ?", true)
scope :activated, lambda { where("activated_at ?", Time.now) }
end

Named Scope ++
# Rails3
scope :recent_admins, admin.activated.order("created_at DESC").limit(5) end

Named Scope ++
# Rails3

Named Scope ++
# Rails3

Named Scope ++
# Rails3

Named Scope ++
# Rails3
@recent_admins = User.recent_admins

Les scripts
Rails 2

Les scripts
Rails 3

Les scripts

Les scripts

Les scripts
alias r=rails
Et aussi...

Et aussi...
Nouvelle API de routage

Et aussi...
Nouvelle API de routage Nouvelle architecture dActionController

Et aussi...
Nouvelle API de routage Nouvelle architecture dActionController ActionMailer 3

Et aussi...
Nouvelle API de routage Nouvelle architecture dActionController ActionMailer 3 Bundler

Et aussi...
Nouvelle API de routage Nouvelle architecture dActionController ActionMailer 3 Bundler ...
Bientt
Pourquoi Rails ?
Efficace

Tests intgrs !

Bonnes pratiques

Tests intgrs !

Nombreux plugins

Tests intgrs !

Ruby

Et surtout...

Statistiques dutilisation des version de Rails

Janvier 2010

Statistiques dutilisation des version de Rails

Janvier 2010
v2.3.4 v2.3.5 v2.3.3 v2.1.2 v2.3.2 v2.2.2 v2.1.0 Others
v2.3.5 14% v2.2.2 11% v2.3.3 7% 4% 3% Others 9%
v2.3.2 21%
v2.3.4 32.6%

Statistiques dutilisation des version de Ruby

Janvier 2010
v1.8.6 v1.8.7 v1.9.1 v1.8.5


Janvier 2010
v1.8.6 v1.8.7
v1.9.1 1%
v1.9.1 v1.8.5
v1.8.7 32%
v1.8.5 3% v1.8.6 63.5%


Janvier 2010
v1.8.6 v1.8.7
v1.9.1 1%
v1.9.1 v1.8.5
v1.8.7 32%
v1.8.5 3% v1.8.6 63.5%
http://railslab.newrelic.com/2010/01/07/state-of-the-stack-a-ruby-on-rails-benchmarking-report-7-january-2010
Littrature
Programming Ruby 1.9
The Ruby Way
The Well Design patterns en Ruby Grounded Rubyist
Ruby on Rails 4th edition

Littrature
Programming Ruby 1.9
The Ruby Way
The Well Design patterns en Ruby Grounded Rubyist
Ruby on Rails 4th edition
De Ruby
...
Rails
Merci :-)
Des questions ?

Ressources
Rails Guides : http://guides.rubyonrails.org Railscasts : Peepcode : Railsfrance : http://railscasts.com http://peepcode.com ($) http://www.railsfrance.org Scaling Rails : http://railslab.newrelic.com/scaling-rails

Crdit images Flicker

http://www.flickr.com/photos/projekta8/2736962559/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/onkel_wart/4038437003/sizes/o/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/tiemposdelruido/4051814934/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/27889738@N07/3289774573/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nomadiclass/4395155397/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/teddybare/133488169/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mworrell/266180687/sizes/o/in/photostream/


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Richard Piacentini

Tunisia on Rails -15 Mai 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Pourquoi utiliser un framework ?

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Pour ne pas rinventer la roue

Pour imposer des normes...

... Et des bonnes pratiques !

Quels sont les gains ?

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Focalisation sur la valeur ajoute

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Convention over configuration

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

crivez des tests !

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

crivez des tests !

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

crivez des tests ! crivez des tests ! crivez des tests !

crivez des tests !

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

crivez des tests !

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Thursday, May 20, 2010

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Model View Controller

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

ActiveRecord ActionView ActionController

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers Le systme de routage trouve le contrleur confrenciers

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Modle Active Record

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group

Modle Active Record

Richard Piacentini et Laurent Julliard 2010 - Nuxos Group