MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011

SUGGESTED PLANT SPECIES LISTS FOR MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK

TECHNICAL DOCUMENT

EXISTING INVASIVE SPECIES TO BE REMOVED (INCLUDING REASONING AND SUGGESTED METHODS) Species name Scientific (common) Acer negundo (Manitoba maple) Reason for removal Classified as: Minor invasive alien by Environment Canada2, Category 1 invasive species by Urban Forest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group3, Effect on natural areas: takes place of native early-successional forest1 aggressively1 invades all habitat types1,3 Classified as: Minor invasive alien by Environment Canada2, Category 2 invasive species by Urban Forest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group3, Effect on natural areas: dominates forest canopy1,3 Classified as: Principal invasive alien by Environment Canada2, Category 1 invasive species by Urban Forest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group3, Effect on natural areas: dominates forest understorey, meadows and prairies1,3 Suggested control methods: cutting after peak flowering (May-June) followed by selective glyphosate (30% solution) treatment of stump or resprouts3 basal bark application with 8% triclopyr3

Acer platanoides (Norway maple)

Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn, common buckthorn)

(continued on following page)

MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011
(continued from previous page)

Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)

Salix spp. (various willow species)

Classified as: Minor invasive alien by Environment Canada2, Category 2 invasive species by Urban Forest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group3, Effect on natural areas: invades meadows1,3 Classified as: Category 3 (S. alba, S. fragilis, S. x rubens) or Category 4 (S. caprea, S. purpurea) invasive species by Urban Forest Associates Inc.1 and the Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group3, Effect on natural areas: S. alba, S. fragilis, S. x rubens, S. purpurea: invades wetlands, displaces native Salix spp.1,3 S. caprea: often misidentified3 and substituted for S. discolor1,3

NATIVE DECIDUOUS SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED Highly recommended species for introduction: Additional species that could be introduced: Scientific (common) Scientific (common) Fraxinus quadrangulata (blue ash)SC Juglans cinerea (butternut)E Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree)N Magnolia acuminata (cucumbertree)E Quercus muehlenbergii (chinquapin oak)N,U Acer rubrum (red maple) Acer saccharinum (silver maple) Carpinus caroliniana (musclewood) Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry) Quercus alba (white oak) Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak) Tilia americana (basswood, American linden)
E Native species that are classified as endangered4; N Species specifically native to the Niagara region5; SC Native species of special concern 4 (may display resistance to emerald ash borer6); U Native species uncommonly found in Canada5.

MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011 NATIVE CONIFEROUS SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED (TO ACT AS A VISUAL BUFFER ALONG NORTHERN AND EASTERN SITE BORDERS) Recommended species for introduction: Scientific (common) Picea glauca (white spruce) Pinus strobus (eastern white pine) Tsuga canadenis (Canadian hemlock) Reasoning5,6

Truly grows in a variety of soils and range of climatic conditions; found in mixed colonies; shade-tolerant; dense form Grows in a variety of soils but prefers moist sandy loam; usually found in mixed colonies; thrives in full sun but moderately shade-tolerant; fastgrowing Grows in a variety of soils but requires cool, moist site; occurs in pure or mixed stands; very shade-tolerant; dense form

NATIVE FOREST EDGE SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED Recommended species for introduction: Scientific (common) Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood) Hamamelis virginiana (common which-hazel) Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac) Viburnum lentago (sweet viburnum, nannyberry viburnum) Reasons for inclusion5,6,7

Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy; naturalization spp.; adaptable to various soils Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy and fragrant; naturalization spp.; shade-tolerant; prefers moist soil Native small tree/shrub; 4-season interest; somewhat showy; naturalization spp.; adaptable to various soils; birds eat the fruit; already established on site Native small tree/shrub; showy; naturalization spp.; shade-tolerant; very adaptable to various soils, incl. wet; birds eat the fruit

NATIVE EASTERN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SPECIES TO BE INTRODUCED Scientific (common) GRASSES/SEDGES Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass)
(continued on following page)

Notables* Tall (3.0+ m) Medium height (to 1.3 m) Later successional; Tall (to 2.5 m)

MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011
(continued from previous page)

WILDFLOWERS AND FORBS Asclepias incarnate (swamp milkweed) Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly milkweed) Aster ericoides (heath aster) Aster novae-angliae (New England aster) Desmodium canadense (showy tick-trefoil) Fragaria virginiana (wild strawberry) Lespedeza capitata (round-headed bush-clover) Liatris spicata (dense blazing star) Lobelia spicata (pale-spiked lobelia) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Penstemon digitalis (foxglove beard-tongue) Penstemon hirsutus (hairy beard-tongue) Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia mountainmint) Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan) Solidago nemoralis (gray goldenrod)

Med. Ht. (to 1.5 m) M-Dry Mesic (DM); Later success.; Short (to 0.7 m); highly desirable; attracts insects (esp. Butterflies) Very common aster in S. Ont.; Short Very common aster in S. Ont.; Med. Ht. (to 1.2 m) Tall (to 1.8 m); Showy Short Later success.; Med. Ht. (to 1.2 m) Very restricted range; Later success.; Med. Ht. (to 1.5 m); Threatened species9 Later success.; Med. Ht. (to 1.3 m) Short; Showy M-DM; Med. Ht. (to 1.4 m) M-DM; Short Later success.; Short Short M-Dry; Later success.; Short (to 0.5 m)

*All proposed grassland species meet criteria for inclusion based on the characteristics of the Mountain Locks Park site, in that these are, unless otherwise noted (above): Prairie species; species that currently and/or have historically occurred in the NI (Regional Municipality of Niagara) range; a Core species found Throughout or Widespread within the NI range; species that prefer Wet (W), Wet-Mesic (WM), or Mesic (M) soil that is mainly Clay (C)-based; Early successional species that will establish sooner. See Appendix A of ref. 8 for details.

PLANT SPECIES AT RISK IN THE NIAGARA RIVER CORRIDOR (FROM THE Niagara Parks Nature WEBSITE9) According to the final report funded in part by the Habitat Stewardship Program lists the following as the Species at Risk along the Niagara River Corridor. Scientific Name Common Name SAR status Phegopteris hexagonoptera Broad-Beech Fern SC Asplenium scolopendrium L. var. americanum American Hearts-tongue SC Magnolia acuminata Cucumber Tree END Hydrastis Canadensis Golden Seal THR Morus rubra Red Mulberry END Juglans cinerea Butternut END Castanea dentate American Chestnut END Quercus shumardii Shumard Oak SC Betula lenta Cherry Birch END Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. Moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow SC Viola pedata Birds-foot violet END Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry THR

(continued on following page)

MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011
(continued from previous page)

Chimaphila maculata Gymnocladus dioicus Lespedeza virginica Polygala incarnata Ptelea trifoliata Panax quinquefolius Frasera caroliniensis Gentiana alba Justicia americana Eurybia divaricata Liatris spicata Symphyotrichum praealtum Symphyotrichum prenanthoides Arisaema dracontium Trillium flexipes Smilax rotundifolia Cornus florida

Spotted Wintergreen Kentucky Coffee Tree Slender Bush-clover Pink Milkwort Hop-tree American Ginseng American Columbo White Prairie Gentian American Water Willow White Wood Aster Spiked Blazing-star Willow Aster Crooked-stem Aster Green Dragon Bent Trillium Square-stemmed Greenbrier Eastern Flowering Dogwood

END THR END END THR END SC END THR THR THR THR THR SC END THR END

REFERENCES
1

Invasive Exotic Species Ranking for Southern Ontario (2002), Urban Forest Associates Inc. Accessed: October 15, 2011. http://www.ufora.ca/art6.htm

2 Invasive Plants of Natural Habitats in Canada: An Integrated Review of Wetland and Upland Species and Legislation Governing their Control (1999), Environment Canada. Accessed: October 15, 2011. http://www.ec.gc.ca/eee-ias/78D62AA2-55A4-4E2F-AA08-538E1051A893/invasives.pdf Sustaining Biodiversity: A Strategic Plan for Managing Invasive Plants in Southern Ontario (2002), Havinga, D., and Ontario Invasive Plants Working Group. Accessed: October 15, 2011. http://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/files/Ont_Toronto_Invas_Strategy.pdf
3

Species at Risk Act: Schedule 1 (Subsections 2(1), 42(2), and 68(2)) List of Wildlife Species At Risk (2002), Government of Canada, Queens Printer for Canada, Ottawa.
4 5

Trees in Canada (1995), Farrar, J.L., Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd., Markham. LARC*2240 Plants in the Landscape (2011), Landman, K., University of Guelph laboratory manual.

Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses (2009, 6th ed.), Dirr, M.A., Stipes Publishing L.L.C., Champaign, IL.
7

MOUNTAIN LOCKS PARK: QUICK RESPONSE A TRAIL BY FIRE DREW GRAHAM + DESIREE VALADARES, 2011 Planting the Seed: A Guide to Establishing Prairie and Meadow Communities in Southern Ontario (2000), Environment Canada. Accessed: October 15, 2011. http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/pdf/ptsprairie-e.pdf
8

Native Species Planting (webpage), Niagara Parks Nature website. Accessed: October 15, 2011. http://www.niagaraparksnature.com/environmental-initiatives/native-species-planting.html
9