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Abstract-Companhia de Electricidade de Macau-CEM, voltage (MV) 1IkV network and low voltage 400/230V
S.A. has established a grid metering system to collect energy network. To interconnect with the power network of
flow information of importation, generation, transmission Mainland China, CEM has two 1lOkV dual cable intertie
and distribution of electricity in Macao. With the available lines with Guangdong Power Grid (GPG).
information provided by the metering system and
implementation of ERP software within CEM, a simulation
In the age of re-regulation, CEM, as a vertical
of segregation of generation, transmission and distribution integrated utility, has been starting to prepare for more
was conducted to test ideas of reaction to a more competitive competitive markets.
market within a tiny electric power system. This paper First of all, five business areas are classified within
discusses concerns raised in the process of simulation and company to have clear responsibilities defined for
problems of defining transfer price among different business different departments, namely Generation, Grid Market
areas.
Operator (GMO), Distribution, Retail and Support.
Index Terms-Power System Economics, Electric Utility, Support business area includes human resources,
Energy Measurement procurement, financial support, etc; Generation business
area refers to generation department (GED) to produce
I. INTRODUCTION electricity, which is main product sold by the company;
Located in the West Pearl River Delta of south China, Distribution business area covers the responsibility of
Macau consists of a peninsular attached to Mainland construction and maintenance of electricity distribution
China and islands of Tapia and Coloane. The islands network, which is done by transmission and distribution
connect to the peninsular via bridges and causeways. department (DDI); while retailer business area is taken
Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of care by customer service department (CSD) to supply
China, with a geographical area of 26.8 sq km and had a electricity to end customers; and finally Grid Market
population of 442,000 in 2002. Major economic activities Operator(GM0) business area is responsible by power
in Macau are tourism, gambling and entertainment with and networks dispatch department (PND) to coordinate
only limited light industries. and optimize the operation of the whole power network.
Companhia de Electricidade de Macau - CEM S.A. is As another step of improving efficiency of key
business areas (generation, distribution, retail and GMO),
the sole power utility in Macau and is responsible for
Generation, Importation, Transmission, Distribution and a Remote Energy Metering System (REMS) was
Supply of electricity throughout Macau SAR. CEM established to collect accurate and timely information of
electricity flow among different part of the power
operates under a Scheme of Control Agreement (SOC)
network.
based on a return-on asset regulatory model. The
One more measure is to implement Enterprise
Concession Contract under this SOC will terminate in
2010, with an interim review to be held in 2005. Resource Planning software, or ERP. ERP is to integrate
Followings are the key statistics of year 2002 of the all departments and functions across the company to
create a single software platform that runs off one
CEM electric system:
database. One of benefits that shall be delivered by the
Installed Generation capacity: 490 MW
ERP applications to the company is more accurate and
Peak Load: 374MW
timely financial information on daily operation of the key
Gross Energy Consumption: 1864 GWh
business areas, as defined before.
Number of Customers: 191,164
The CEM electric system consists of power plants and In the following sections, we will introduce the REMS
transmission and distribution (T&D) network. CEM has 3 system and some modules of ERP software; then
power plants, CMC (Macau Power Plant), CCA (Coloane functional segregation simulation among different
business areas is elaborated. Finally, we discuss some
A Plant), and CCB (Coloane B Plant). CCB is a combined
cycle plant and its first combined cycle unit was issues that shall be considered in the future.
commissioned in early 2003 with a capacity of 136 MW.
11. METERING
SYSTEM
The Transmission & Distribution network consists of
high voltage (HV) llOkV and 66kV network, medium To have a full picture on energy flow within electricity
network of CEM, a Remote Energy Metering System
Benjmain Yue Zongbin and Charles Leong Pou U are with (REMS) was established in year 2003. Figure 2-1 is
Companhia de Electricidade de Maeau-CEM, S.A. Their emails are schematic diagram of the REMS system.
b c n j a m i n . y t ~ e ~ c e n ~ - n ~ a c a ~ ~and
. c o l ucli:irles.leo~ig~cem-~iiacau.coni,
respectively.
0-7803-8237-4/04/$17.0002004IEEE
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2004 IEEE Intemational Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
66 kV
Communication Network
Transmission Network
...........................
Central Station
Distribution Network
The REMS system consists of three parts: electronic CaseEdinfo was chosen as consultant. “The goal of
energy meters installed at metering points in this implementation is to improve the efficiency of our
substations, central station located at dispatching company by streamlining the business processes,
center and communication network, which links the introducing better workflow between departments and
meters and central station together. by supporting these processes and workflow using a
The metering points were carefully defined so that suitable vehicle - the SAP application”, stated by Mr.
both electricity sources (including CEM generation, Alvaro de Sousa, sponsor of the BIS project and
interconnection with Guangdong Power Grid (GPG) executive director of CEM.
and Incineration Plant (CIRS) in Macau) and outgoing In the SAP ERP package, there are several modules
of electricity at 11 kV level can be covered within the to be implemented, such as Human Resources (HR),
system. Most of meters are of 0.5s class, but 0.2s class Financial accounting (FI), Controlling (CO), Material
meters are installed for CEM generation and Management (MM), Project Schedule (PS) and Plant
interconnection with GPG, due to big quantity of Maintenance (PM), etc. But for purpose of this study,
electricity and important nature of electricity exchange only CO module will be discussed.
with GPG. The Controlling module facilitates coordination,
Main functions of the central station include data monitoring and optimization of main business
collection, data processing, data storage, report and so processes in the company. As well as documenting
on. So far there are 62 meters installed in substations actual events, the main task of controlling is planning.
and connected to central station. From these meters, CEM can determine variances by comparing actual
energy data is collected automatically once per 6 hours data with planned data. These variance calculations
or manually whenever necessary. enable the company to control business flows.
With the REMS system, energy flow information Then with help of CO, different business areas can
among different business areas, including total energy monitor and analyze their performance monthly from
and details, can be reported and analyzed daily, financial point of view. Basically, all the business areas
weekly, monthly and yearly, whenever necessary. look at the income statements generated by CO.
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2004 IEEE Intemational Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
interrelated closely and they could not be separated. areas in CEM and respective responsibility centers and
But without good measurement and controlling, it is profit centers are defined as table 4-1. So, hereafter
difficult to improve and to meet requirements of business area, responsibility center and profit center
demanding customers and ever changing market; then refer to the same entity.
top management believes that there should be lots of Among responsibility centers, goods and service are
rooms for CEM to improve. So, having studied the delivered or accepted. In this case, electricity is the
experiences of deregulation of oversea power sectors only good to be considered.
and our parent companies, simulation of business area Figure 4-1 shows the energy flow among different
segregation was put on the agenda in CEM at the business areas, with arrows representing energy flow
beginning of year 2002. among different part of power network.
Under this concept, each business area is a When electricity is flowed from one profit center to
responsibility center and senior manager of relevant another responsibility center, transfer price shall be
business area is responsible for its operation and defined to calculate revenues of the former or expenses
performance. The performance of each responsibility (cost) of the latter. Unlike market price, which
center is measured in terms of difference between measures exchanges between a company and its
revenues it earns and the expenses it incurs, then each outside customers, transfer price measures internal
responsibility center is a profit center. Core business exchanges within a company.
With the REMS system and CO module of ERP consumption by power plants. GED sells
being in place, the simulation was started from June Q A I to GMO.
2003. All the business areas are involved in the Net energy importation from GPG power
simulation but only the simulation related to four key network (denoted by QAZ), which is
areas (generation, distribution, retail and GMO) will be purchased by GMO.
elaborated hereafter. Energy purchase from CIRS (denoted by
Q A 3 ) , which is purchased by GMO.
A. Energy infomation Energy flowing into 11 kV distribution
As the basis of simulation, the quantity of energy network (denoted by QB). QB is the
flowing among different responsibility centers should quantity of energy that is sold to
be measured and reported timely. The REMS system Distribution business area (DDI) by
can collect energy information daily, weekly and GMO.
monthly. Energy sold to the end customer (denoted
In the simulation, monthly energy information is by Qc), Qc is the quantity of energy that
reported to financial department as input of CO is sold to the end customer by CSD.
database. The energy information includes: Summation of Q A l , Q A 2 and QA3is Q A , which is the
CEM net energy generation per month quantity of energy that GMO purchased from all
(denoted by Q A l ) , excluding internal sources of electricity. Q A is different from and greater
than Q B ; the difference is transmission network loss
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2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
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2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
VI. CONCLUSION
With implementation of remote energy metering
system and ERP software, even though there are flaws
in the jewel of the simulation, it is drawing attentions
of management and staff of each department to
continuously improve efficiency of operation.
Improved efficiency works as cornerstone of
competitive marketplace position of an electric utility
and better power supply services. More important, the
concept requests management of different departments
to consider and meet needs of customers (both internal
customers and external customers) and development on
market, no matter which is internal market or external
market.
To perfect the simulation, more studies on setting
fair and competitive transfer price are needed in the
future. More metering points installation could be
helpful to improve the simulation and make it more
practical in the future.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank the management of CEM
for allowing us to prepare and present this paper. We
are also grateful to the colleagues of Power and
Networks Dispatch department, BIS project team and
other departments of CEM.
VIII. REFERENCES
[I] Ivan Png, Managerial Economics, second edition, Blackwell
Publishing, 2002
[2] Robert N. Anthony, David F. Hawkins, Kenneth A. Merchant,
Accounting: Text and Cases, tenth edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999
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