TRUE AND FALSE ACCUSATIONS OF CHILD SEX ABUSE Richard A. Gardner, M.D. €“To all who have taugh me ‘out adult semua encoaners~ Both ely and alse alleged \ {nel ad Coa Nee ey mo Ab tem 7 SPENT IR wt a pte ‘Sr nay ng Catan aaitn Dae Te un ie om od x tse ue re satan peso hd ue ca Rng en ne‘her Books by Richa A. Gartner, MD. ‘he Boys and Gis Bok Att Dare “Therap Commrtion Chae “Te tal Sting Tec Canines Soe: abut eRe We Yue Be Gadnes Ste Abe he Ke Word Veume Dr Cudney asf: Tey’ Che. Pi sctandig Cite, A Pant Cle o Cad Rea SOBSRE IS out slut Mi tram nin Fopehotergy wrth Caden of DOr De Gardact oder Fay Tae Bein Sigma na an atin Det Guanes ues or Our Ties ‘The aye and Gi Boos About Steps my vane in Ca Casta Ligon Sxpsion Annlty Dar Psychics an aebaey ‘Sid Ca Ligon’ A Gud or Paes an Meal rsa ienernpen Tons of Rebar A. Gane Tipe, he sealed Aeron Dex Ds, ike inup of NBD Syren hermit Alena Syaroe and the Dileetiion Teen fast and Conine Chi Sx Abas ‘Peyhoterany ah Aen nd Liat FCS Boy Bask Aout Good and Bad er Bee Siete Salem Wachee woe tases Raha A Carder Rested ‘Bi palma alugason yaarome A Cue or val Heh ipa Pessina ticzhicim tie of Chico Payee Pat caja pk mame apd Payhaeapy CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION HYSTERIA AS A HISTORICAL PHENOMENON BACKGROUND OF MY OWW INVOLVEMENT TN THE HELD OF CHILD SEX ABUSE 1 ATHEORY ABOUT THE VARIETY OF HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR INTRODUCTION ‘CENDER DIFFERENCES IN MATING PATTERNS DAWKINS THEORY OF GENE SURVIVAL "AND TRANSMISSION NIE APPLICATION OF DAWKINSS THEORY "TO HUMAN SEXUAL VARIETY Trtodction ‘he Paraphias of DSH R Further Comments on the Props Sexual Dystenctons SHOULD HOMOSEXUALITY BE LISTED AMONG THE PARAPHILIAS? CANCLUDING COMMENTS ey 3 % ®2 THE ACCUSED gIRODUCTORY COMMENTS INDICATORS OF PEDOPHILIA IN THE MALE Th sry of Fay tfincesCondicve tothe Development of Sica Byjhopathloey 2 Lppanding History of Emotional ‘Depaeaton Pilea Inplrment 4 Ghlhood History of Sex Abuse 5: Longetanng History f Very Sto ‘sonal Urges veers 6 impusity 5. Felings of Inadaquacy and Compensatoy Narcan 6 Coerve-Domiating Behavior 5, assy and Impaired Seleasseton 10, History of Sattane Abuse 1 Poor fudge 1B. paned Sect Interst in Agespproprite 13 Townes of Other Seal Devitions 14 Psychos 15: mnt andlor Repesion 16 ig Con Cs Pmagapi sg, Cage Choice That Brings His in Comat vain Chen 18" Recent Rejation by a Female Pee o: Dystunctional Heteroneoal Relaionsip 1» Unconvining Dena 20, Une of Reuonaliations and Cognitive Diorons That us 2x Rentanc 0 Taking ie eestor Test 2B. Licket Cooperation in the Evaluate 18 Duphaty Unrelated to the Sexabuse Denia and aychopete Tenders age nese eeeee ee a 2 Bessey Moria Attdes ong Comments ‘i CAUSES OF Mls PEDOPIILIA The impiing Facer the Doman Face ‘Sine tren Cie nd Females irpunation bs Fein t “Eeaonl Dopraion Lae wt the Aggesor Seah and cla Factos Goncting Comments nGieeoRs OF PEDOPHIIA INTHE FEMALE ERTECORIES OF FEWALE PEDOMILES 1 ala Seting 2 dso babyster 5. Male concn ETichettver 5 omer Caos INDICATORS OF FEDOPHILA IN THE ADULT PIMALE ‘Ptr of Dyson Fay 2 Emual Depeaton 3 petal pment 4 Gilt Hiry of Sox Abuse 5. Seton ayopay, an Other Fore af Sore Eychopalgy ty of Butter Ase $: Use of Seana Sate Than Force {Pesala Emoxonl Ane fhe ‘Vici in adion to Sex Abose a. Feng tmdegucy 16 Prva Devatons 1 Unconsicig Del {2 Gael Raoeasatone ae Copisive ‘Distortions Tat ay Pedopain 13 Resoance to Tange ur eon Test 15 -tnca Coupes nthe Evaatve ‘Examination a yeaase eB pesue esagaauuNs15, Dupin Unmlated othe Soeabuse Denial CONCLUDING COMMENTS ‘me CHILD INTRODUCTION GHIDREN'S MEMORY AND SUGGESTIBILTY. Troduction Satins on Chien Memory and Suggesity PSYCHODYNAMIC FACTORS OPERATIVE IN CCITLDREN'S FALSE ACCUSATIONS OF SPC ABUSE Inodueion Tngzatiation Yo Adult Authorities The Kecping-up witthe Joneses Phenomenon Enhances altention ana Novant Release of sty Reactions to Normal Chdhood Sewuaty Papo Fatore Conduve te ‘Development fs Parental Alenaton Syndrome Shame over Recaning Concuding Comments {HE DIFFERENTIATING CRITERIA Insoductory Comments 1 Bogie of Hestancy Regarding Divlgence of he Sent Abe 2 Depre of Fen of Retaition bythe Accused 5 Degie af Gui over the Consequences ofthe ‘Dmalgence tothe Accused 4" Dogite of Gull oer Patipaton in the Senna Act 5: Deg of Spcisy ofthe Deas ofthe ‘Sevaal Abuse 6 Cri of the Desenption 5 Vanatons nthe Deseripson Advanced Sexzal Kaawedge for Age 5 Senl Excraton 10, Atitede award One's Genitals es 2 1 w Fa ma 3 we ws » M4 1 13 6 1. Desenaizston Pay 22 Theeats and Babes 1. CusingyVistauon Disputes ik Toe Ltary 13. The Borowed Scenario 1, Depresin 17. Withdrawal TB Pathologie! Complance 18, Pryehosomatie Disorders 20, Roprenite Behavior 2 Seve of Dera 1B. Shop Daturtances 1B Chricty of Abuse Bi. Seductive Behavior Primarily Gils) 3. Feeadomateriy (marly Gis) 36 tao etng Out 27, SuhookAtendance snd Perfomance 23 Fear Tension, and Amity 1B. Runsing veny fom Home 5 Severe Psyehopsthaogy CONCLUDING COMMENTS 4 THE ACCUSER INTRODUCTION INDICATORS OF A FALSELY ACCUSING PARENT USUALLY & MOTHER) Inaeators om Eis Life TS Childhood History of Having Been Sealy ‘abused Herel 2 sory of Por Impulse Cont 5 Pasty andr nodegeacy 4 Sosa elton Inaictrs rom Events Paceing the Evaluation Si txpowure of the Chid to Sev Abuse Edestional Material «Moras 5 he Uilution of acasonary Maneuvers 8. The Pascrce of Chl Custody Dispute ‘nor sgt 7 o is i 1 16 @ 0 i u % vm ” ry 180 ” 1% ws rr 7 i Es) 18 1 1m9 The Presence of a Parental Alienation Syrdiome 10, Duet Propeurning ofthe Chin he ‘SexAbuse Resin 1 nal Den ane Downpay ofthe Abuse 12 Faia to Noy the Pater Before Reporting the Alleged Abuse to Outatde Authoees 1 Balser ofthe Series of 2 "Fed Gus” ‘Aitoney or Mental Health Profesional 14 Hinton of Attemes to Destoy, Hui, ‘ot Wren Vengeance on the Accused 15 "atude Toward Medical Fnelings Related ithe Sex Abuse 16" Fac to Apprecite the Psychological remma othe Child of Repent Iterations a7 The Agua of Cote of Supporters and Enables 48: Deep Comment tothe Opinions ofthe “Espen” Instore Obie During the Course “ihe Evaluation {i Shame over Reeltion of the Abuse 20. Attade Tverd Taling a Lie Detector Test 2B Appmscaion of the Importance of Mantrance fie Chad's Relstonship withthe Accused zal The Use ofthe Cader The Tull ese to te Sec Absse Senate ‘Butera andor Exhibtonistc Personaiy 2k Parana 2 Enthonni Commitment to the Date-Cllecion Process. 26, Conobortion ofthe Chile's Sox Abuse ‘Deserpin info Interviews). 27, Cooperation Dung te Cour of the ivaaton 28. ai nthe Prepostercs 'B. Empanason of the Sex Abuse Danger 10 the ‘Extended Family ofthe Scased ‘0, Duploty in Aspects ofthe Evaluation Not ‘Died Related fo he Sex-Abuse Acustion 1% m 20 a ns COMMON PSYCHODYNAMIC FACTORS OPERATIVE IN MOTHERS WHO PROVIDE FALSE SEX-ABUSE ACCUSATIONS Rage and Vengsance Precton sr Paranoia Reprodctin of th Far Fate The Spm Donor Connp Maes Borderie eronalty Dotter Navett anor ttle Inpszment CONCLUSIONS MEDICAL FINDINGS, THE PENILE PLETHSMOGRAPH AND THE POLYGRAPH, MEDICAL FINDINGS TMTRODUCTION. DEFINITION OF TERMS "ainaePstions Hymenal Conigratons ‘casera Tema Xorg strumens ‘Te Tamer Suge THE EXAMINATION HAT ARE NORWAL GENITAL MEDICAL THNDINGS? Female Genta Findings ‘ul Pings (hie ac Female) \ HRT ARE THE GENITAL BRNDINGS IN ‘SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN? Innodocion Female Genta Findings ‘eal incings SEXUALLY FRAsMrTTED DISEASES peumin he Vapna and the Pepnaney Test ‘Hi PENILE PLETENSMOGRATE THE POLYGRAPH CLIE DETECTOR TEST”) CONCLUSIONS a 2 a a B Be BRBER SEE ERREREE BEE(THE -VALIDATORS* AND OTHER EXAMINERS, COMMENTS ON THE TERM VALIDATOR WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE? Wiar'bo THEY DO? “Chen Neve Le” any ners Maneuvers ‘ASvsming hehe he Cid Can Diferente Benwenn te th and Li she hn Coder or Sex Ase Naming hey Pot The sated Atatally Comet Dl Tisding Questone olefin the Preposterous atonaizing sr Cree he ered Ecoane Ignoring of the Inposstie ‘The Usain ofthe YexNo Question {he Socal indnor of ex Abuse The Sex Abu Syndrome The child Soul Abae Accommodation Syatrome DRAWBACKS AND RISKS OF UTILIZING THE CHILD SEXUAL ABLEE ACCOMMODATION SINOROME AS A DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT tne Msopplatn of te Cid Sea ADE “hscmmaton Syme Cconcuing Comments Reperding the Se Abuse “Accommodation Syndrome ‘echniues Tat Reiforce a Psi ‘he Spcled Disosue Mie Die Corce Techniques {The napproprse- ae Nanewer ‘Te -Dasncaon” Maneuver Involvement wit Poors, the Acusd, nade Accuer win DO THESE PEOPLE FUNCTION IN “Tals WAY? Tre Haan Bakaound sexAbuse 2 Fd 22 mA 2 25 a Ey entry Schoo High schol Callese The esti of Valators “The Holer Tan Thou" Phenomenon ‘The Exon of Valve. Secbuse Vie ae Vabdatos {The SoxlyInbabted Stat Parancids Overman eis ‘The Hypocrtes The Young andlor Naive Moneiary Gain Other Personality Factors CONCLUDING COMMENTS LEADING STIMULI, LEADING GESTURES, [AND LEADING QUESTIONS INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS. HEADING STIMULL ‘Nonleding Sti ‘Miramar Lead Stim ‘ose Lading Stil Maxima ending St LEADING QUESTIONS Nenksding Questone Minimally Leading Questions Moderately tending Questions Masunal Leading Questions LTADING GESTURES Nenesiing Gestures Minioully Eaatig Gestrce Moderately Leading Gestures Mexia Lessing Gestures CONCLUDING COMMENTS INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS SieServing at Cout-Appoited impartial ‘Baminer ‘he Reguert to Brauste Only the Chi Joie Interviews ‘he Leng ofthe Evasion Auditpes apd Videotapes INTERVIEWING THE ACCUSER AND THE "ACCUSED loess {acing the Evolution ofthe Sex Abuse Indiv Intros wth the Accused and the Acree INTERVIEWING THE CHILD Trelninary Cosidecations Dh nportant Data.caectionInerviwy ‘Sequnce Dt Va nthe he (CONCLUDING COMMENTS: 2 49 HALLMARKS OF NURSERY SCHOOL AND DAY-CARE CENTER SEXABUSE HYSTERIA ryTRoDUCTION [THE PARENTS ‘Origins and Bahground ofthe Accusations eronaly Quaies ofthe ins Pathloizing the Noroul Taming the ged Pepetzto forthe Chis Paychopathology Retnnptve Resterpretation Zesious Callctore of Esience Goweeriation ‘Maneary Gain (The Greed lament) Complte Absence of Adult Wireses ‘Opinion to Legal Pros Touma ‘fe CHILDREN The Optimim Age for Idocination mn me x ie BI a 2 SGGRREG HEESE E & 5 sly Manifestations ‘ee Hates “Ehberation andor Distortion of Normat Chichowd Patan ‘changes ard conten n the ‘SevAbueeSeeaatos ‘The Peponterunnes of the Allegations The Inport of Satan tual ‘Te sete of Symptoms ove Time Sreonany Gaia Final Comments THE EVALUATORS AND THERAPISTS Tnuedacory Comments Con Fertoton Monetary Gan (The Gre Fement) SOME ADVICE TO EVALUATORS FOR PROVIDING TESTIMONY IN SEX-ABUSE HYSTERIA CASES “TREATMENT OF NONABUSED CHILDREN. PROGRAMMED TO BELIEVE THEY WERE SEXUALLY ABUSED ‘THE POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EFFECTS OF 'SOCATUSE EVALUATIONS FOR BOTH ‘ABUSED AND NONABUSED CHILDREN ‘The Evaluative Procedure Course inorogatn Removal he Chad andlor Alleged Abuser [ADDITIONAL TRAUMATIC EFFECTS OF IN SEXABUSE INVESTIGATION WHEN {Tit ALLEGATION 1S FALSE ‘The Systemate Erosion and Destaction ofthe Parent Child Bond ‘rapwering Teeague ‘The easton of Seal Peychopatlogy ‘The Cresion of Vicars” INDIVIDUAL WORK WITHTHE CHILD Removal ofthe Chi rm Trestnnt wth “Gresanlous Theres o @ a ” a 2 ro a a S8ees“ae Croc Roe of Faaily Therapy hitecn he Do Not le Treatment ‘The importance the Blase Screen Approach Dealing wh Cognitne Dstosons Dealing with Emotional Prolers DEATING WITH THE FALSELY ACCUSING MOTHER [DEALING IVITH THE FALSELY ACCUSED FATHER FAMILY WORK FOLLOW-UP STUDIES PREVENTION OF THE TRAUMATIC IERFECTS OF SEX-ASUSE EVALUATIONS Dealing with she MoneyPower Structure Revision andor Rescnding of Mandatory “Child Abuse Reporting Laws Ponte Tesinent of Fase Accuses Expanded Ure a Videotaped Interviews ‘TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN SEXUALLY ABUSED INTRODUCTION SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THERAPISTS WHO TREAT SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF THE SEXUATLY ‘ABUSED CHILD Introduction ‘The Sad Child Sex Abuse Syndrome “The Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syme Sine othe Symptoms Soni: Seen ‘Sescaly Abed Chen Sympoms Unltd t the Post-Traumatic ‘Sess Daoeer PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY ABUSED. CHILDREN, ‘The Ch Nay Not Need Treatment Paychtherapeutic Wonk withthe Me Family iganungal Protein from Forher Sex Abate 5a 7 3 515 a0 su 519 23 = 50 a 52 = Pa be 2 Group Therapeutic Experieness 9 ‘The fects Ligation on the Ons Teatment 510 [TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN. Inwodction ‘he Home Videocassette Recorder Besensnsation Pay PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO "TOME OF THE COMMON SYMPTONS OF SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN Py ypenenuiztion 5 Regression 5 Gul 56 Settee Problems = Goss of Tan = ‘Anger Problems 355 Depression 5s ns, Tennon, Anil, and Desvative Syeapoms 560 contusion sa Schoa Prablens Ps Pathologist Compliance se Preudomateiy =” Probleme inthe Relationship with he Father S71 Probl the Relatiabyp ih he Mother 573 ewacton (Renton) a {TREATMENT OF THE MOTHER 6 Desling withthe Mathers Hysteria Ed Dacouraging Ligation a” (Group Tremp Ea Inpro he Mothee Cid Relationship a Desling wth Pasty an Inadeguacy sa Beating wth Sonal Patents oe TREATMENT OF THE FATHER Bt Tntoicion 586 {Group Therapy = Inmpeving the Father-Chd Reatinstip 50 Enhancing Sa Eatoem sa Dealing ith Cal (or ck of) sa Destine 4h Raton ooDang with the Exaggerated Nee to Cont ‘ndlor Daa's Deiing with te Ecesely Moai Pedophile Dealing wth impalsiny Decling with Homosexual Dealing with Substance Abuse {Chunacing withthe Mother aed Father Together Progesterone Actte CLINICAL EXAMPLES. The Git and he Bus Driver ‘The fay an the Pedatricon ‘The Boy ana the Visine LATED REALIZATION OF CHILD SEX [ABUSE BY AN ADULT INTRODUCTION THE ACCUSERS Wy Do They Do Thi? {The Sench fora “Therapist ‘THE THERAPISTS” Wns Are These Pople? What Do These Pople Do? ‘THE “ENABLERS ‘TIE MONEY POWER FACTOR CONCLUDING COMMENTS CONCLUDING COMMENTS INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS SECABUSE ISTE ‘THE MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER PROBABILITY THEORY PREVALENCE, FINAL COMMENTS ADDENDA [REFERENCES AUTHOR INDEX BRRRREREES CO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 deeply appraise the deicaon of my scetres, Donna La Tourette, Linds Could, and Carol Gian, 1 the typing of te satus of this book ne wriusredions am get 1 ‘Mur jngenen for er dligence meting the manuscript. She provided teeta suggestions an a the same time, exhed spur my wie eprding sy nd format. Tam nee, ‘Se, to Frances Dubner for her content othe editing othe femiy dats. My daughter, Jule Anne Cardoet, brought her poychologal insights othe rt chapter, and these ae appre ‘td spel onthe pinto view ofthe younger generator Tam eel the ello of my sree, enjoin Rein, oe ir iput regarding bible references to sex abuse Tr appre the efits ok Rober Tebbenhoff of Lin ‘Graphic Fors contnbutons othe producion ofthis bok from. the ceignal manuscript tothe nal volume, Lam grt ‘Barbra Bernsen fr her diligence inthe proceeding ofthe page prot. I sm grata, a6 well to Che Sacer for We EiSugh tnd useful nden Tram enormously indebied to Holly Wakeld and Ralph Underage fr thie eval wnd ther willing osha wwth me thet knowledge and experince. 1 do rot hao ef