3D FILM TECHNOLOGY

SUMITKUMAR SHRIKANT DUBEY, SE EXTC.

ABSTRACT This piece of document gives an idea about what all goes behind the scenes for making a2d image projected on a flat screen to look like real 3d object existing around us. This document gives a quick review of the various stages involved in making a 3d film and also helps to understand about various physical phenomena that are responsible for for bringing a 2d image to appear in full 3 dimensional glory. KEYWORDS STEREOSCOPY,

I.INTRODUCTION
JAMES CAMERONS AVATAR brought all together a new revolution in the field of film making .and nowadays 3d movies are quite common .but the technology used behind in making this movies is quite expensive . although the technology is quite expensive the basic principle used in order to make a image look like a real 3d object is quite simple.

II.PRINCIPLE Human eye is the best optical instrument provided to the human beings by the nature. It is because of these 2 eyes of human beings it is possible for him to view the various object around them. and it not only helps to just view the objects but performs various other function . But for our interest consider the best function performed by the eyes of man. The two eyes of human beimgs allow them to view the things around them in 3 dimension. First let us consider the difference between a 2d image and a 3d image .suppose we have a photograph of a rectangular box then we call that image as a 2d image because from the image we can get the information about only the two dimension of the box which is length and the height.whereas if we have a real rectangular object placed in front of us then what we see is the 3d image of the box this is because we can get thye information about all the 3 dimensions of the box height, length and the width. Now the next question that arises is how do we get a 3d image of the real object around us in our eyes in order to understand this let us consider a simple demonstration . Take a pencil and bring it close to the centre of your two eyes now observe the pencil with 1. Your right eye (and the left eye closed) 2. With your left eye (now by closing the right eye) What we observe is in the first case when we observe the pencil with our right eye at that time the pencil appears to be shifted more towards the left hand side and what we can see is only the right part of the pencil,and in the second casae just opposite thing happens which means the pencil appears to be shifted more towards the rigt hand side and what we can observe is only the left part of this pencil. Now the next question that arises is why does this happens ? This is becausegiven an object in front of us our one eye can observe only one part of the object. Now this plays an important role ijn creating the 3d imasge of a real object around us in our mind.tjhis is because once our two eyes have taken the image of tha two sides of the object what it does is it passes on the images to the brain which combines both these images producing a 3d image of the object The same priunciple is used whi;le recording a movie and even While projecting it on the screen in the cinemas...how this principle is used in the process of making the 3d films will be dealt in detail in further topics.

III. THE PROCESS While making the 3d film the above mentioned principle is followed. What is done is while recording the film generally two cameras are used to get the image of the two sides of the object generally a more specialsed camera like a stereoscopic camera is used which uses the principle of stereoscopy .now after we have recorded the whole movie like this the other place where the principle mentioned above is used is while projecting the image on the flat screen on the cinema hall.what is done is two projectors are used and the two projectors project the image of the different side of trhe same object on the screen at the same time .and in oreder to ensure that our one eye sees only one image projected by a single projector p[olarised galsses are used . this gflasses make sure that one eye is seeing image of a one projector and the other of the other projector how this is done is can be explained clearly as follows

A . POLARISING GLASSES OR FILTERS

FIRST WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS POLARISATION? Light is dual in nature . it can be considered as a wave or as aparticle .in this case we take the condition that the light ids a wave .now light is a wave and it is an electromagnetic wave which means that it consists of a vibrating magnetic and electric field. The wave properties of the light are associated with nthe electric field . now under ordinary condition the vibration of electric field is oriented in all the directions and the phenomenon by which the vibrations of light are restricted in a particular plane is called as polarisation of light. In oreder to polarise the light we need a special instrument called as a polariser since light is a transerve waves it looks like the unpolarised beam in the above diagram.this . a polariser are designed such that they allow only those light to pass through them who have their dirnection of vibration same as the axis of the polariser as shown in the above diagram . Now in order to understand that how this principle is used in making the film to appear in 3d consider the following Image.

From the above image what we see is the axis of the two glasses of the polarizing glass are not the same in fact they are completely different from each other . the axis of one of the glass is horizontal and that of the other is vertical .this means that from first glass only those light waves can pass which have horizontal plane of vibration and the light with vertical plane of vibration will pass through the other glass. So in order to ensure that one eye is seeing the image of a single projector what is done is the light from the projectors are polarised in such a way that plane of vibration is horizontal for the light from one

projector and vertical for the light from other .this will make sure that one eye is receiving only one image .this two images received by ourt two eyes are then given to the brain which fuses the two images forming the 3d image if the object displayed ojn the screen